Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clinical Medicine > ENT 👀 > Flashcards

ENT 👀 Flashcards

1
Q

signs of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

A

nose bleeds
and red freckles on lips, face, fingertips, tongue and inside surfaces of the mouth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a Quinsy (peritonsillar abscess)

A

a complication that develops from untreated acute tonsillitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

on clinical examination of a patient with a peritonsillar abscess what would you see

A

uni-tonsillar bulge and uvula deviation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

sore throat
headache
pyrexia
lymphadenopathy

A

tonsilitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

do you order blood tests when investigating tonsillitis

A

only if they are immunodeficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the Centor criteria for acute tonsillitis

A

history of fever
no cough
tonsillitis exudates
tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how many centor criteria needs to be fulfilled and other criteria to be able to prescribe antibiotics for tonsillitis

A

3 or more centor criteria

other features include:
marked systemic upset
immunodeficiency
history of rheumatic fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the most complication of tonsillitis

A

recurrent tonsiliitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how does peritonsillar abscess present

A

presents with difficulty swallowing, sore throat, muffled voice and trismus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the first line antibiotic for bacterial tonsillitis

A

phenoxymethylpenicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe acute otitis media

A

inflammation of the middle ear with effusion
occurs primarily in children
often associated with URTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

sx of acute otitis media

A

Neonates

Irritability
Difficulty feeding
Fever

Young children

Holding or tugging ear
Irritability
Fever

Older children and adults

Otalgia (ear pain)
Hearing loss
Fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

features of chronic otitis media - glue ear

A

persistent pain lasting weeks
drum looks abnormal and reduced mobility of membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

features of chronic suppurative otitis media

A

perforation of the tympanic membrane with otorrhoea for > 6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when do you admit patients for otitis media

A

any children under 3 months with temp over 38

children with suspected acute complications

children who are very systemically unwell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

mx of otitis media when admission or antibiotics are not needed

A

paracetamol or ibuprofen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when do you offer antibiotics for otitis media and what course do you offer

A

children who are systemically unwell but don’t require admission or those at high risk of complications

5-7 day course of amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

extra-cranial complications of otitis media

A

facial nerve paralysis
mastoiditis - most common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

intra-cranial complications of otitis media

A

meningitis
sigmoid sinus thrombosis
intracranial brain abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how would mastoiditis present

A

as a boggy mass over the mastoid process tender to palpation
systemically unwell
intense ear pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sx of labyrinthitis

A

vertigo
nausea
vomiting
imbalance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how does meningitis present

A

sepsis
headache
vomiting
photophobia
phonophobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how does sigmoid sinus thrombosis present

A

sepsis
swinging pyrexia
meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how would a brain abscess present

A

sepsis and neurological signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
characteristic features with allergic rhinitis
nasal pruritus, sneezing, rhinorrhoea and nasal congestion
26
what is allergic rhinitis often associated with
allergic conjunctivitis
27
what is allergic rhinitis
where your nose gets irritated by something you're allergic to
28
what type of hypersensitivity reaction is allergic rhinitis
type 1 it is an IgE mediated response to allergens
29
mx of allergic rhinitis initial measures
avoiding triggers nasal irrigation with saline intra-nasal or oral anti-histamines
30
mx of allergic rhinitis if initial measures are ineffective
intra-nasal steroids oral steroid for sever and/or short term cases
31
why is BPPV predominately seen in elderly population
due to deposition of calcium deposits within the semicircular canals
32
clinical features of BPPV
provoked by movements of head usually to one side when turning in bed or looking up episodes last 30 seconds to 1 minute no hearing loss or tinnitus
33
how to diagnose BPPV
dix-hallpike manoeuvre the test is positive if you observe new nystagmus after
34
how to manage BPPV
epley manoeuvre
35
what is cholesteatoma?
serious and rare complication of chronic otitis media and commonly occurs in younger patients
36
what causes cholesteatoma?
caused by abnormal accumulation of skin, squamous epithelium within the middle ear cleft and mastoid air cells
37
clinical features of cholesteatoma
presents foul smelling discharge, headache and otalgia will present on examination of tympanic with an area of white in the attic behind the tympanic membrane
38
what complications occur from cholesteatoma
facial nerve palsy and CNS complications
39
what would you see with otoscopy on a patient with acute otitis media
red, yellow or cloudy tympanic membrane bulging tympanic membrane air-fluid level behind tympanic membrane
40
what does a normal tympanic membrane look like
slight translucency with a colour sometimes described as pearly-grey
41
describe otitis externa
inflammation of external auditory canal can be categorised into acute <3weeks or chronic >3 months aka swimmers ear
42
risk factors for otitis externa
swimming humid air young age diabetes trauma
43
symptoms of otitis externa
itch tenderness hearing loss discharge
44
treatment of otitis externa
analgesia and topical therapies - topical abx
45
most common microbiological cause of otitis externa
pseudomonas aeruginosa gram negative rod
46
management of persistent glue ear
2-6 weeks of amoxicillin grommet insertion if that fails, bilateral, and persistent
46
management of persistent glue ear
2-6 weeks of amoxicillin grommet insertion if that fails, bilateral, and persistent
47
mx mastoiditis
admission for IV abx and monitoring
48
Symptoms and signs of basal skull fracture
Head injury Reduced consciousness Battles sign = bruising of mastoid process Raccoon eyes = bruising around eyes Rhinorrhoea = CSF leaking from ear Cranial nerve palsy Bleeding from nose/ears Haemotympanum - blood visible behind tympanic membrane
49
Classically affects one at between 30-60 vertigo, tinnitus with fluctuating hearing loss episodic nature
Classically affects one at Between 30-60 Characterised by attacks of sudden paroxysmal vertigo with associated deafness and tinnitus Normally occur in clusters with periods of remission
50
Normal Webers test result
Patient can hear the sound equally in both ears
51
If patient had sensorineural hearing loss what would their Webers test result be
Sound will be louder in the normal ear
52
If patient had conductive hearing loss what would their Webers test result be
Sound will be louder in affected ear
53
Normal rinnes test result (rinnes positive)
When patient can hear the sound again when the tuning fork is hovered over their ear (air conduction) Air conduction should be better
54
Abnormal rinnes test (rinnes negative)
When bone conduction is better than air conduction So the sound is not heard after removing the tuning fork from the mastoid process This suggest conductive hearing loss
55
Clinical features of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
Characterised by telangiectasis on nasal mucosae, lips and gastrointestinal tract Epistaxis Anaemia sx GI blood loss
56
What is a thyroglossal cyst
Fluid filled sac located in the thyroglossal duct Generally midline cysts and move on tongue protrusion and swallowing Typically detected in early childhood
57
What is a branchial cyst
Most common cause of neck lumps in children Typically undetectable until the cyst swells in size commonly due to infection Do not move on tongue protrusion nor auscultation or transilluminate
58
What is the Pathophysiology of tympanosclerosis
Associated with long term otitis media and grommet insertion Result of calcium phosphate plaques leaving white patches on the tympanic membrane
59
What is otosclerosis
Most common cause of progressive deafness in young adults Usually bilateral and causes conductive deafness (better with background noise) Frequently associated with tinnitus
60
A non healing mouth ulcer that is both painful and bleeding raises high suspicion of what
An oral cancer Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type
61
causes of cervical lymphadenopathy
LIST Lymphoma Infection Sarcoidosis Tumours/Tuberculosis
62
what is this presentation diagnostic of? acute, spontaneous vertigo, nausea and vomiting, and unsteadiness all often following a viral infection positive head impulse, unidirectional nystagmus and no abnormal test of skew
vestibular neuronitis
63
management of vestibular neuronitis
prochlorperazine
64
what foreign object needs emergency removal
button batteries
65
when does a vestibular schwannoma become malignant and symptomatic
if they are 40mm+ in size and this requires surgery

Clinical Medicine (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions