Ennet Et Al Describe Flashcards
How many participants to begin with?
1092
Age of participants
14-15
What was the aim of the study?
To investigate the role of friendship groups or cliques on smoking behaviour in adolescents
Where were the participants from?
5 different schools in North Carolina
How was data cross checked?
By finding out the level of carbon monoxide in the participants breath
How were participants interviewed and what were they asked?
In their homes a twice. Asked about their smoking behaviour
How was data collected?
With questionnaires
What were participants asked to identify and why?
Their three best friends to find out if friendships where one or two way.
What personal info was taken?
Gender, race and mothers education
What data was discarded?
Friendships outside of schools, mixed race groups and mixed sex groups as seen as not typical
How much data was left?
42% from original sample
How many cliques and adolescents could be analysed
87 cliques comprising of 461 adolescents
Results found the average clique size was…
5 members
Of how many participants, how may were non smokers?
Out of the 461 participants 414 were non smokers
How many cliques were totally non smoking?
59
How many cliques contained only smokers?
2
What was the smoking rate for those in a clique and the smoking rate found overall in the school?
Smoking rate for those in a cliques was 11.1% and smoking rate found overall in school was 15.2%
Was there a higher incidence of smoking in a cliques or outside of a clique?
Higher incidence of smoking in those who didn’t belong in a clique
Cliques rates as homogeneous were…
All either Smokers or non smokers
Cliques rated as heterogeneous included…
Smokers and non smokers
What did researchers conclude and what common assumption did this go against?
Researchers concluded that clique membership may contribute more to non smoking than smoking which differs from the common assumption that smoking is a consequence of pressure from a peer group
What were researchers still unsure about in their conclusion?
Researchers were still unsure whether someone joined a clique because of the cliques behaviour or if their behaviour is influenced by clique membership
What year was this conducted?
1994
