Ennet Et Al Describe

Question 0

How many participants to begin with?

Answer 0

1092

Question 1

Age of participants

Answer 1

14-15

Question 2

What was the aim of the study?

Answer 2

To investigate the role of friendship groups or cliques on smoking behaviour in adolescents

Question 3

Where were the participants from?

Answer 3

5 different schools in North Carolina

Question 4

How was data cross checked?

Answer 4

By finding out the level of carbon monoxide in the participants breath

Question 5

How were participants interviewed and what were they asked?

Answer 5

In their homes a twice. Asked about their smoking behaviour

Question 6

How was data collected?

Answer 6

With questionnaires

Question 7

What were participants asked to identify and why?

Answer 7

Their three best friends to find out if friendships where one or two way.

Question 8

What personal info was taken?

Answer 8

Gender, race and mothers education

Question 9

What data was discarded?

Answer 9

Friendships outside of schools, mixed race groups and mixed sex groups as seen as not typical

Question 10

How much data was left?

Answer 10

42% from original sample

Question 11

How many cliques and adolescents could be analysed

Answer 11

87 cliques comprising of 461 adolescents

Question 12

Results found the average clique size was…

Answer 12

5 members

Question 13

Of how many participants, how may were non smokers?

Answer 13

Out of the 461 participants 414 were non smokers

Question 14

How many cliques were totally non smoking?

Answer 14

59

Question 15

How many cliques contained only smokers?

Answer 15

2

Question 16

What was the smoking rate for those in a clique and the smoking rate found overall in the school?

Answer 16

Smoking rate for those in a cliques was 11.1% and smoking rate found overall in school was 15.2%

Question 17

Was there a higher incidence of smoking in a cliques or outside of a clique?

Answer 17

Higher incidence of smoking in those who didn’t belong in a clique

Question 18

Cliques rates as homogeneous were…

Answer 18

All either Smokers or non smokers

Question 19

Cliques rated as heterogeneous included…

Answer 19

Smokers and non smokers

Question 20

What did researchers conclude and what common assumption did this go against?

Answer 20

Researchers concluded that clique membership may contribute more to non smoking than smoking which differs from the common assumption that smoking is a consequence of pressure from a peer group

Question 21

What were researchers still unsure about in their conclusion?

Answer 21

Researchers were still unsure whether someone joined a clique because of the cliques behaviour or if their behaviour is influenced by clique membership

Question 22

What year was this conducted?

Answer 22

1994