Enlightenment/Scientific Revolution Figures Flashcards
1
Q
- Astronomer/mathematician
- Came up with heliocentric conception (sun is centre of universe, not earth). Published two books, there were pretty lit.
- Gave the basis for modern astrology, books were banned by Roman Catholic Church, his ideas were publicly criticized by Martin Luther
A
Copernicus
2
Q
- Nobleman, astronomer, alchemist, and writer
- Accurate representation of solar system
- Wrote a few books, made tools and representations of space that helped astronomers
A
Brahe
3
Q
- Criminologist, Politician, Reformer, Author
- “On Crimes and Punishments”, defined why crimes are committed, influenced American constitution, his works were the base for the American Bill of Rights
- Benevolent politician, did really good things while in office, most influential/first criminologist
A
Cesare Beccaria
4
Q
- Physicist, chemist, and astronomer
- Newton’s Laws of Gravity and Motion
- Was one of the few scientists to be famous while he was still alive
A
Sir Isaac Newton
5
Q
- Italian Astronomer/Scientific Revolution
- Wrote “Dialogues”, a debate on heliocentric conception, said earth revolved around the sun, invented the compass
- First to prove that the way people thought about the universe was wrong
A
Galileo Galilei
6
Q
- Philosopher, Mathematician, Scientist, and Writer
- Father of Geometry, and Modern Western Philosophy, wrote a lot of books
- Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution
A
Rene Descartes
7
Q
- Belgian Scientist
- Father of Modern human anatomy, and wrote the first comprehensive textbook of anatomy
- His work represented the culmination of humanistic revival of ancient anatomy
A
Andreas Vesalius
8
Q
- German Artist, Naturalist and Entomologist
- Researched, sketched, and etched insects and plants in different stages, discovered metamorphosis
- First woman to work at the Russian Academy of Sciences under Peter the First
A
Maria Merian
9
Q
- Enlightenment writer, philosopher, and playwright
- Wrote seventy books, liked writing tragedy plays, exiled quite a bit, father of Freedom of Speech
- Fought for Freedom of Rights
A
Francois Marie Arouet/Voltaire
10
Q
- Feminist writer
- wrote “A Vindication of the Rights of Women” that pressed for educational rights for women
- First Feminist
A
Mary Wollstonecraft
11
Q
- French Lawyer
- Wrote “The Spirit of Laws”
- His books is the basis of the Consitution
A
Baron de Montesquieu
12
Q
- Scottish Economist and Social Philosopher
- Wrote “The Theory of Moral Sentiments” and “The Wealth of Nations”, works were carried over centuries and prized by economists
- Always tried to get rid of personal information so people only remembered him for his work
A
Adam Smith
13
Q
- Scottish philosopher
- Founded the basis for the philosophies of empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism
- Inspired many of the philosophers that came after him and many of their works were based off of his works
A
David Hume
14
Q
- French philosopher, art critic, and writer
- Co-founder of the Encyclopedia, wrote lots of books by they weren’t published until after he died
- Most well known for knowing words and definitions (basically being a human encyclopedia)
A
Denis Diderot
15
Q
- French mathematician/inventor
- Pascal’s Triangle, Theory of Probability
- Child prodigy, made an early version of the calculator
A
Blaise Pascal
