Enlightenment

Question 1

“Earth-centered”

Answer 1

geocentric

Question 2

“Sun-centered”

Answer 2

heliocentric

Question 3

Author of On the Wealth of Nations and the father of modern economics

Answer 3

Adam Smith

Question 4

First ten Amendments to the US Constitution

Answer 4

Bill of Rights

Question 5

18th century religious philosphy based upon reason and natural law

Answer 5

Deism

Question 6

Tsarina of Russia, tried to be and enlightened absolutist, but failed to free the serfs

Answer 6

Catherine the Great

Question 7

Began a religious revival during the Enlightenment; founder of the Methodist Church

Answer 7

John Wesley

Question 8

Holy Roman Emperor and enlightened absolutist; freed the serfs and abolished capital punishment

Answer 8

Joseph II

Question 9

the elegant drawing rooms of great urban houses where people gathered to discuss Enlightenment ideas

Answer 9

salons

Question 10

Judicial philosopher during the Enlightenment; opposed capital punishment

Answer 10

Cesare Beccaria

Question 11

Concept proposed by Rousseau that an entire society agrees to be governed by its general will and all individuals should abide by the general will since ti represents what is best for the enitre community

Answer 11

Social Contract

Question 12

Systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence that was crucial to the evolution of science in the modern world

Answer 12

scientific method

Question 13

King of Great Britain during the American Revolution

Answer 13

George III

Question 14

Believed that people entered into a social contract with their government to protect their rights

Answer 14

John Locke

Question 15

Founding document of American; explained our philosophy and our reasons for separating from Great Britain

Answer 15

Declaration of Independence

Question 16

King of Prussia and enlightened absolutist; permitted some freedom of speech and press, but failed to free the serfs

Answer 16

Frederick II the Great

Question 17

Beleived that people’s minds begin as a blank slate that is filled by experince and education

Answer 17

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 18

Leader of colonial forces during the American Revolution and First US President

Answer 18

George Washington

Question 19

Absolute monarch of the Austrian Empire; fought two wars against Frederick the Great - the War of Austrian Succession and the 7 Years’ War

Answer 19

Maria Theresa

Question 20

Published the first encyclopedia in France where it was also banned

Answer 20

Denis Diderot

Question 21

Early feminist that argued men’s domination of women was just as arbitrary and wrong as an absolute monarchs rule over their subjects

Answer 21

Mary Wollstonecraft

Question 22

Author of On the Spirit of the Laws which advocated a separation of powers and checks and balances in government

Answer 22

Baron de Montesquieu

Question 23

This country supported the American colonists after Saratoga to hurt Great Britain

Answer 23

France

Question 24

Satirist and Philosphe; promoted freedom of religion

Answer 24

Voltaire

Question 25

A body of law or a specific principle held to be derived from nature and binding upon human society in the absence of or in addition to positive law

Answer 25

Natural Law

Question 26

Author of The Declaration of Independence and Third US President

Answer 26

Thomas Jefferson

Question 27

Term applied to intellectuals during the Enlightenment

Answer 27

philosophes

Question 28

System of thought expounded by Rene Descartes based on the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge

Answer 28

Rationalism

Question 29

form of government in which power is shared between the central government and several regional governments

Answer 29

federal system

Question 30

The primary cause of the American Revolution was

Answer 30

taxes

Question 31

System in which rulers tried to govern by enlightenment principles while maintaining full royal powers

Answer 31

enlightened absolutism

Question 32

founder of the scientific method

Answer 32

Francis Bacon