English in contact

Question 1

Lingua Franca?

Answer 1

Globally used language

Question 2

How did english come into power?

Answer 2

Through a historical and geographical accident

Question 3

What are the Kachru’s circles of english

Answer 3

Inner, Outer and expanding

Question 4

What does the inner circle do?

Answer 4

Makes the rules

Question 5

What does the outer circle have?

Answer 5

A high fluency of english

Question 6

What does the expanding circle do?

Answer 6

Learn the inner circles english

Question 7

What is a pidgin?

Answer 7

A simplified language that develops as a means of communication

Question 8

What is theorised about a creole?

Answer 8

Theorised that some pidgins can become creoles when parents who speak a pidgin teach it to their child as a first language.

Question 8

What is a creole?

Answer 8

a stable language that originates seemingly as a “new” language.

Question 9

since when have linguists tried to say that creole languages aren’t inferior

Answer 9

middle of the late 19th century

Question 10

through what has creole experienced a revival?

Answer 10

Social, Political and academic changes

Question 11

why are creoles seen as degenerate languages?

Answer 11

The low status in the eyes of european colonies.

Question 12

What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

Answer 12

That what we say is shaped by our worldview and that our worldview is shaped by the language we speak.

Question 13

what is the Konigsberg’s iceberg analogy?

Answer 13

The Konigsberg’s iceberg analogy draws attention to underlying factors that determine our language choices

Question 14

What is on the layer above the water of the iceberg?

Answer 14

Words and sounds written or spoken that are transmitted to an audience

Question 15

What is on the layer just below the water?

Answer 15

The subtle signals that need to be decoded to understand the meaning.

Question 16

What is language loss?

Answer 16

When the competency of that languages speakers decrease

Question 16

what is deep below the surface of the water?

Answer 16

Values, beliefs and attitudes that make up our identity

Question 17

What is total language loss?

Answer 17

When no speakers of the language are left

Question 18

what is moribund?

Answer 18

A language has reduced so much that it is never used.

Question 19

What is gradual language death?

Answer 19

Slowly over a period of time

Question 20

What is bottom to top language death?

Answer 20

Younger generations not learning the older generations language

Question 21

What is top to bottom language death?

Answer 21

A push from higher ups to stop the language

Question 22

What is radical language death?

Answer 22

A language isn’t spoken for self defence reasons

Question 23

What is linguicide?

Answer 23

Sudden language death, due to genocide, Death of language speakers or biological death.

Question 24

Why is Economics a reason for language loss?

Answer 24

To earn more money

Question 25

Why is migration a reason for language loss?

Answer 25

To change languages to the country moved to

Question 26

Why is Natural disasters a reason for language loss?

Answer 26

cause devastation for minority languages

Question 27

Why is sociolinguistic causes a reason for language loss?

Answer 27

if the constructions of society fail to support linguistic diversity

Question 28

What is language maintenance?

Answer 28

It is the continuing use of a language in the presence from a more powerful language

Question 29

What does language maintenance involve?

Answer 29

Involves keeping endangered languages alive

Question 30

What is language reclamation?

Answer 30

Considered as the attempt by a government to recover the spoken use of a language that isn’t spoken or is endangered