England 1.1 The Restoration Settlement

Question 1

When did Charles send the Declaration of Breda to Monck? What did the Declaration declare? (RE 1.1)

Answer 1

• 14th April 1660.
• Peace, that he’d listen to parliament, people won’t be persecuted for the Civil War, toleration of religion, settlement of land disputes, and payment of army wages.

Question 2

What problems did Charles face with the army?

Answer 2

• High taxes needed to pay their wages.
• Groups of armed and trained soldiers hanging around was a threat to law and order.
• Soldiers ‘arrears’ (unpaid wages).
• Many soldiers and officers did not want the King restored.

Question 3

How did Charles solve his army problems? What was he left with? (RE 1.1)

Answer 3

• Paid soldier’s arrears and made laws to help ex-soldiers find work.
• Monck had been sacking radical officers.
• Act of Indemnity made them more confident to disband.
• The king was left with a smaller, cheaper, under control militia.

Question 4

What did the Act of Indemnity decide, in terms of regicide punishments? (RE 1.1)

Answer 4

• 33 of the regicides should be trialled.
• 13 tried and executed (by being hung, drawn and quartered in a crowd).
• After boiling, body parts displayed and heads on spikes to set an example.
• Cromwell’s skull was dug up and spiked over Westminster Hall.

Question 5

What did the 3 parts of the Clarendon code decide? (1662, 1664, 1665) (RE 1.1)

Answer 5

• Act of Uniformity, 1662: Compulsory to use the Book of Common Prayer in church.
• Conventicle Act, 1664: Illegal for more than 5 to worship together outside church.
• Five-Mile act 1665: Crime for rejected priests to live or preach within five miles of their towns, or to teach.

Question 6

What issues did Charles face in money? How did he resolve them through tax? (RE 1.1)

Answer 6

• New alcohol tax (plus other income) intended to pass the needed 120,000 a year.
• Charles needed even more, and income fell short.
• Assessment Land Tax, 1661 and Hearth Tax, 1662.