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Automotive (level 2) > Engine Diagnosis & Repair > Flashcards

Engine Diagnosis & Repair Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 main types of engine blocks?

A

Cast Iron & Aluminum

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2
Q

Where do you find Cylinder Liners?

A

Aluminum Blocks or Large Blocks

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3
Q

What are the types of Cylinder Liners?

A

Wet & Dry

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4
Q

Which Engine Block is better at conducting heat?

A

Aluminium Block

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5
Q

What causes high readings on a compression test?

A

Carbon Build up

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6
Q

How do you perform a Balance Test?

A

Keep Engine Idling and Disable 1 Cylinder at a time (via. scan tool or manually)

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7
Q

What will a Cylinder Balance Test show you?

A

How much each cylinder is contributing & single out malfunctioning cylinder

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8
Q

What is the typical compression reading on a gasoline engine?

A

150-200psi

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9
Q

During a compression test, there should be no more than ___% difference between highest and lowest reading

A

20%

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10
Q

What does blue/grey exhaust smoke mean?

A

Burning Oil

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11
Q

What does black exhaust smoke mean?

A

Rich fuel mixture

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12
Q

What does white exhaust smoke mean?

A

Coolant leakage in combustion chamber

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13
Q

What causes Low Readings on a Compression Test?

A

Leaks (Vavles, Piston Rings, Head Gasket, etc.)

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14
Q

What should be the proper outcome from Deglazing Piston Cylinders

A

Crosshatch Pattern with 50-60 degrees (20-60 degrees acceptable)

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15
Q

What are 4 types of Cylinder wear?

A

Taper, Waviness, Scoring & out of roundness

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the Crankshaft?

A

To change the reciprocating piston motion into usable rotary motion

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17
Q

What is a Bearing Journal?

A

Area where bearing contact is made

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18
Q

What is a Crankshaft Flange?

A

Section at the end of shaft where Flywheel attaches

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19
Q

What are 2 Types of Crankshafts?

A

Cast Iron & Forged Steel

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20
Q

What are 2 Types of Camshafts?

A

Cast Iron & Case Hardened Steel

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21
Q

What is Valve Lift?

A

the amount that valve lobe opens the valves

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22
Q

What is Lobe Lift?

A

the distance from the base circle to the cam nose (lowest point to highest point)

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23
Q

How should you repair crack coming from a coolant passage on an aluminum engine block?

A

“V” out the damaged area and weld with an Aluminum Filler Rod

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24
Q

What is used to pre-clean engine components prior to disassembly?

A

Spray Washers

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25
Q

What cleaning method uses high-frequency sound waves?

A

Ultrasonic

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26
Q

What abrasive cleaning method can be used to etch the surface of material?

A

Grit Media Blasting

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27
Q

What is the buildup of minerals inside the cooling system called?

A

Scale

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28
Q

What is usually the first step in disassembling an engine?

A

Remove Intake and Exhaust manifolds

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29
Q

What is the most common method for removing an engine from a FWD vehicle?

A

Lower the engine and transaxle as an assembly with the subframe

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30
Q

What are the 2 most common ways to measure Cam Lobe wear?

A

Dial Indicator & Outside Micrometer

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31
Q

What is the Block Deck?

A

The top surface of the block to which the cylinder head mounts too

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32
Q

Where does maximum Cylinder Bore wear occur?

A

Top of the Ring travel area

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33
Q

What does Piston Offset refer too?

A

Piston located closer to the major thrust side

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34
Q

What are most Pistons made of?

A

Aluminum

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35
Q

What is the purpose of Core Plugs?

A

Allow the release of sand from block moulding process

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36
Q

What is used to measure Cylinder Deck warpage?

A

Straight edge and feeler gauge

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37
Q

what is used to measure crankshaft bearing journals?

A

Micrometer

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38
Q

What can a Plastigage measure?

A

Bearing Oil clearance

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39
Q

What causes Piston Slap?

A

Excessive Piston clearance

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40
Q

Why are Cylinders deglazed?

A

to ensure proper ring sealing

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41
Q

What is another name for a connecting rod journal?

A

Crank Pin

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42
Q

How can a misaligned main bearing bore be corrected?

A

Line Boring

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43
Q

What is the correct procedure for Boring Cylinders?

A

bore to new piston size and hone to clearance specification

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44
Q

What type of Hone should be used during Cylinder Bore operation?

A

Rigid Hone

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45
Q

What measurements are taken to calculate cylinder bore taper?

A

Bore reading at top and bottom of ring travel at 90⁰ from block centerline

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46
Q

What speed do Balance shafts Rotate?

A

2x the Crankshaft speed

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47
Q

What direction do Balanceshaft rotate?

A

Opposite direction of the Crankshaft

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48
Q

What is the Major Thrust Side?

A

The side the piston contacts while moving down (power stroke)

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49
Q

What is the Minor Thrust Side?

A

The side the piston contacts while moving up (compression stroke)

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50
Q

What causes Cylinder Taper?

A

High Heat, Pressure & Lack of Lubrication

51
Q

What causes Cylinder to be out of Round?

A

High Pressure & Thrust Wear (Major & Minor)

52
Q

What causes Cylinder Waviness?

A

Lack of Cooling, High Heat

53
Q

What causes Cylinder Scoring?

A

Debris & Lack of lubrication

54
Q

What causes Cylinder Block Distortion?

A

Improper torquing of fasteners / components &
Thermal shock (Hot to Cold)

55
Q

How do you properly store a Crankshaft or Camshaft?

A

Stored upright or back in the cylinder head / block

56
Q

How are Split Bearings (insert bearing) constructed?

A

An upper half with an oil hole and groove and a lower half with a solid flat surface

57
Q

Define Bearing Crush Hight

A

Halves are longer than the surface to provide radial pressure against the connecting rod or bearing bore to ensure good heat transfer

58
Q

Define Bearing Spread

A

Bearing shell has larger arc which when installed in a bore helps to hold the shell in place during assembly

59
Q

What is the purpose of the Harmonic Balancer?

A

To absorb torsional vibrations of the crankshaft

60
Q

Which orientation does the Piston Snap Ring go?

A

Snap ring gap faces towards the bottom of skirt

61
Q

What are Keeper Grooves?

A

Grooves at the top of the valve to keep valve in place

62
Q

What are 2 types of Valve Seats?

A

Integral & Replaceable

63
Q

What is the distance between the valve face and the valve head called?

64
Q

What should be done to an insert style of valve seat after it is installed in the cylinder head?

A

Stake around the edge to secure the seat

65
Q

Why is rocker arm ratio used on most valve trains?

A

To open the valves a greater distance

66
Q

When grinding valves and seats, what is the 1 degree angle difference between them called?

A

Interference angle

67
Q

Why are shims placed under valve springs?

A

correct valve spring installed height

68
Q

What is the maximum deformation allowed in a cylinder head deck surface?

A

0.1 mm (0.004 in)

69
Q

Which type of surfacing machine uses underside rotary cutters?

70
Q

What is the ideal intake valve seat width?

A

1.0 mm (0.040 in)

71
Q

What is the cooling of gases by pressing them into a thin area called?

72
Q

What happens when valve spring tension is too low?

A

Valve float at high RPM

73
Q

What is the safety factor calculated into bolt torque values?

A

25% below the bolt’s yield point

74
Q

What should be done to an engine block bolt hole that has been pulled up?

A

File, Chamfer, & Clean the bolt hole before using

75
Q

What type of sealant would be best for sealing between machined surfaces of rigid castings?

A

anaerobic sealants

76
Q

What is the correct procedure for installing the torque converter when replacing the engine?

A

Rotate the torque converter until it engages the transmission oil pump

77
Q

During the initial test run, what should be done to properly break-in a rebuilt engine?

A

Repeat full-throttle accelerations from 50 to 80 km/h (30 to 50 mph).

78
Q

What is the purpose of using a graphite coating on a cylinder head gasket?

A

to allow the head to slide across the gasket as it expands

79
Q

What type of rear main bearing oil seal is used on current engines?

A

synthetic rubber lip

80
Q

What is best method of circulating oil for initial startup of a rebuilt engine?

A

Use a prelubricator to prime the engine’s lubrication system

81
Q

Where does the cylinder need to be during a cylinder leak down test?

A

TDC on compression stroke

82
Q

Where is the diameter if the piston measured?

A

Across specific points on the skirt

83
Q

What type of core plug is used on the engine block?

A

Cup type core plug

84
Q

Define Knurling

A

manufacturing process used to create a textured surface. Used to increase dimensions on piston skirts and valve guides

85
Q

What is normal clearance between the piston and cylinder bore?

A

0.025mm - 0.050mm (0.001” - 0.002”)

86
Q

What does a steady needle mean on a vacuum test?

A

Engine in good condition

87
Q

What does a steady needly, but low reading mean on a vacuum test?

A

Internal leakage or late timing

88
Q

What does a fluctuating needle and low reading mean on a vacuum test?

A

Vacuum leak in intake system

89
Q

What does a vibrating needle floating low to high mean on a vacuum test?

A

leaking head gasket

90
Q

What does a oscillating needle and low reading mean on a vacuum test?

A

incorrect fuel mixture

91
Q

What does a vibrating needle that steadies at speed mean on a vacuum test?

A

worn valve guides

92
Q

What does a needle dropping regularly mean on a vacuum test?

A

burned valve or valve not seating

93
Q

What does a needle dropping irregularly mean on a vacuum test?

A

sticking valve

94
Q

What does a needle fluctuating when brough off idle mean on a vacuum test?

A

weak valve springs

95
Q

What does a needle dropping when brought off idle mean on a vacuum test?

A

Retarded ignition timing

96
Q

What does a needle rising when brought off idle mean on a vacuum test?

A

advanced ignition timing

97
Q

What does a needle dropping at high RPM, then slightly rising mean on a vacuum test?

A

exhaust restriction

98
Q

How do you check piston ring side clearance?

A

Using a feeler gauge between the piston ring and piston ring groove

99
Q

What is the main type of valve used in automotive engines?

A

Poppet valve (round head with tapered face)

100
Q

What are some advantages of a timing belt over a chain driven?

A
  • Quieter
  • Cheaper
  • Lighter
  • Lubrication free
101
Q

What 4 machines are used to resurface heads?

A
  • Belt surfacer
  • Milling
  • Broaching
  • Grinding
102
Q

To remove the piston and rod assemblies, what position must the crankshaft be in?

A

bottom of its stroke

103
Q

What is Chamfering?

A

Tapping & cleaning of the threaded holes to remove the lifted surface caused by thread pulls

104
Q

How are cast iron blocks checked for cracks?

A

Magnafluxing

105
Q

How are aluminum blocks checked for cracks?

A

Penetrant dye & blacklight

106
Q

What is the advantage if Integral valve seats over Insert valve seats?

A

Operating temperature is lower

107
Q

What are connecting rods made of?

A

Steel, Cast Iron or Aluminum

108
Q

What are the 2 types of torsional engine dampners?

A

Harmonic balancers & Fluid dampeners

109
Q

How is cylinder out of round measured?

A

Parallel with the crank, and perpendicular to the crank

110
Q

How do you measure piston ring side clearance?

A

Feeler gauge between ring and groove

111
Q

What are the 3 types of piston pins?

A

Full floating, semi floating & stationary

112
Q

What happens if valve spring tension is too low?

A

Valve Float

113
Q

Where does piston thrust occur in relation to crank centerline?

A

90 degrees

114
Q

What is used to prevent carbon build up on a valve face?

A

Valve Rotator

115
Q

What type of threads should never be used on an Aluminum block/head?

A

Fine Thread

116
Q

What helps prevent bearings from spinning in its bore?

A

Bearing crush

117
Q

How do you measure openings or bores on an engine?

A

with a telescoping gauge

118
Q

What effect does caustic soda have on aluminum parts?

A

Dissolving

119
Q

What type of welding is used to repair cracks on an aluminum block?

120
Q

What type of welding is used to repair cracks on an cast iron block?

A

Furnace Welding

121
Q

What are the 4 types of valve lifters?

A
  • Solid non roller
  • Hydraulic non roller
  • Solid roller
  • Hydraulic roller
122
Q

What is valve overlap?

A

both valves open slightly at the end of the exhaust stroke, and at the beginning of the intake stroke

123
Q

What tool is used to de-glaze cylinders?

Automotive (level 2) (13 decks)

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