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engines > Engine Construction > Flashcards

Engine Construction Flashcards

1
Q

What are cylinder blocks made from?

A

Cast Iron

Aluminium

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2
Q

What is the sump made from? And where is it fitted?

A

Thin mild steel or alloy

Fitted to lower crank case

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3
Q

The crankshaft turns what into what?

A

Linear to rotary

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4
Q

What is the hole through the piston head for?

A

The Gudgeon Pin

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5
Q

What dose the small end bearing do?

A

Holds the piston with the Gudgeon Pin

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6
Q

What’s the second between the small and big end bearing called?

A

Shank

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7
Q

What dose the big end bearing do? And what’s it lined with?

A

Holds the crankshaft, it’s lined with shell bearing

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8
Q

What are the 2 types of big end bearing?

A

Solid and oblique

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9
Q

Why is the flywheel made heavy?

A

To smooth out vibrations

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10
Q

What dose the fly wheel do?

A

Smooth out vibrations, stores and releases kinetic energy

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11
Q

What is the cylinder head made from?

A

Cast iron for heavy duty
Or
Aluminium for light vehicles

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12
Q

What dose the cylinder head consist of?

A

Inlet & exhaust valves
Inlet & exhaust ports
Water jacket

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13
Q

What’s the purpose of the valves?

A

To allow gases in and out and seals the cylinder

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14
Q

When talking about engine block design, what are the main good and bad thing for a closed deck design and open deck design?

A

Closed deck - reduced cooling and stronger construction

Open deck - improved cooling and less strength

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15
Q

What are cylinder liners for?

A

Reduce engine wear

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16
Q

What are cylinder liners made from?

A

Thin sleeves of high quality cast iron or steel

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17
Q

What are the 2 types of cylinder liners?

A

Wet and dry liners

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18
Q

What is the rear flange?

A

Machined to accept figment of the flywheel

19
Q

What are thirst washers for?

A

Prevents excessive lateral movement of the crankshaft

20
Q

What is a rear flange

A

Accept fitment of the flywheel and spigot bearing to suport the shaft

21
Q

How is the crankshaft lubricated ?

A

Through oil ways under pressure

22
Q

What is the land on a piston?

A

Ridges that seperate each piston groove

23
Q

What are the purpose of piston rings?

A

Form a gas tight seal between combustion chamber and crankcase

24
Q

What are the 2 types of piston rings?

A

Compression - gas tight seal

Oil control rings- ensures proper oil conditions

25
Q

What is the purpose of a flywheel ?

A

Absorbs kinetic energy during power strokes and uses this to carry engine over in idle strokes

Transmit stater motor power to crankshaft

26
Q

Would you need more flywheel for more cylinders ?

A

No

27
Q

What is the purpose of a TV damper

A

Reduces torsional vibration in the crankshaft

28
Q

What is the purpose of a cylinder head?

A

Seal the top of the engine cylinder to create a combustion chamber

29
Q

What is located in the cylinder head?

A

Glow plugs and fuel injectors

Also supports camshaft and camshaft bearings

30
Q

Why is the upper surface of the cylinder head machined?

A

Allow it to fit the rocker cover

31
Q

What are the 2 types of valve guides ?

A

Integral and insert

32
Q

What is the purpose of a valve?

A

To control the flow of gasses in and out the cylinder

33
Q

Why does the thickness of the valve head have to he calculated?

A

Avoid risk of pre ignition

34
Q

What’s the purpose of the timing gears?

A

To transmit rotary motion of the crankshaft to the camshaft

35
Q

What’s the purpose of valves ?

A

To control the flow of gassed in and out of the cylinder

36
Q

In the valve system, was dose the spring do?

A

Returns the valve to the closed position and holds it in place until it is next opened

37
Q

What dose the spring collar do? When talking about the valve system

A

Retains the spring in a slightly compressed state

38
Q

What speed dose the camshaft rotate compared to the crankshaft.

A

The camshaft needs to rotate at half the crankshaft speed

39
Q

Where would you find a worm drive? And what is it?

A

Utilised to drive another component

On the camshaft

40
Q

What is an eccentric cam?

A

Used to actuate the mechanical fuel lift pump

41
Q

What dictates the length of time the valve is closed?

A

Base or circle or dwell

42
Q

What controls the speed that the vales both open and close?

A

The closing flank and the opening flank

43
Q

What are chain or toothed belts tensioned by?

A

Rubber rings
Spring lead
Dude slid tensioners
Jockey pulley idler

44
Q

What are the 3 most common types of timing chain?

A

Sleeve chains
Roller chains
Tooth chains

engines (10 decks)

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