Engine Construction Flashcards
What are cylinder blocks made from?
Cast Iron
Aluminium
What is the sump made from? And where is it fitted?
Thin mild steel or alloy
Fitted to lower crank case
The crankshaft turns what into what?
Linear to rotary
What is the hole through the piston head for?
The Gudgeon Pin
What dose the small end bearing do?
Holds the piston with the Gudgeon Pin
What’s the second between the small and big end bearing called?
Shank
What dose the big end bearing do? And what’s it lined with?
Holds the crankshaft, it’s lined with shell bearing
What are the 2 types of big end bearing?
Solid and oblique
Why is the flywheel made heavy?
To smooth out vibrations
What dose the fly wheel do?
Smooth out vibrations, stores and releases kinetic energy
What is the cylinder head made from?
Cast iron for heavy duty
Or
Aluminium for light vehicles
What dose the cylinder head consist of?
Inlet & exhaust valves
Inlet & exhaust ports
Water jacket
What’s the purpose of the valves?
To allow gases in and out and seals the cylinder
When talking about engine block design, what are the main good and bad thing for a closed deck design and open deck design?
Closed deck - reduced cooling and stronger construction
Open deck - improved cooling and less strength
What are cylinder liners for?
Reduce engine wear
What are cylinder liners made from?
Thin sleeves of high quality cast iron or steel
What are the 2 types of cylinder liners?
Wet and dry liners
What is the rear flange?
Machined to accept figment of the flywheel
What are thirst washers for?
Prevents excessive lateral movement of the crankshaft
What is a rear flange
Accept fitment of the flywheel and spigot bearing to suport the shaft
How is the crankshaft lubricated ?
Through oil ways under pressure
What is the land on a piston?
Ridges that seperate each piston groove
What are the purpose of piston rings?
Form a gas tight seal between combustion chamber and crankcase
What are the 2 types of piston rings?
Compression - gas tight seal
Oil control rings- ensures proper oil conditions
What is the purpose of a flywheel ?
Absorbs kinetic energy during power strokes and uses this to carry engine over in idle strokes
Transmit stater motor power to crankshaft
Would you need more flywheel for more cylinders ?
No
What is the purpose of a TV damper
Reduces torsional vibration in the crankshaft
What is the purpose of a cylinder head?
Seal the top of the engine cylinder to create a combustion chamber
What is located in the cylinder head?
Glow plugs and fuel injectors
Also supports camshaft and camshaft bearings
Why is the upper surface of the cylinder head machined?
Allow it to fit the rocker cover
What are the 2 types of valve guides ?
Integral and insert
What is the purpose of a valve?
To control the flow of gasses in and out the cylinder
Why does the thickness of the valve head have to he calculated?
Avoid risk of pre ignition
What’s the purpose of the timing gears?
To transmit rotary motion of the crankshaft to the camshaft
What’s the purpose of valves ?
To control the flow of gassed in and out of the cylinder
In the valve system, was dose the spring do?
Returns the valve to the closed position and holds it in place until it is next opened
What dose the spring collar do? When talking about the valve system
Retains the spring in a slightly compressed state
What speed dose the camshaft rotate compared to the crankshaft.
The camshaft needs to rotate at half the crankshaft speed
Where would you find a worm drive? And what is it?
Utilised to drive another component
On the camshaft
What is an eccentric cam?
Used to actuate the mechanical fuel lift pump
What dictates the length of time the valve is closed?
Base or circle or dwell
What controls the speed that the vales both open and close?
The closing flank and the opening flank
What are chain or toothed belts tensioned by?
Rubber rings
Spring lead
Dude slid tensioners
Jockey pulley idler
What are the 3 most common types of timing chain?
Sleeve chains
Roller chains
Tooth chains
