Engine Company Flashcards
Flashover is the ignition of combustibles in an area heated by _____ . The action may be one of sudden ignition in a particular location followed by rapid spread or one of a “flash” of the entire area. The later action is more likely to happen in an open area.
A. Radiation.
B. Convection.
C. Conduction and convection.
D. Convection, radiation or combination of both.
D. Convection, radiation or combination of both.
The word “coverage” as used here means of the assignment of companies to particular portions of the fire ground for size-up and to accomplish any or all of the objectives of a firefighting operation. Both front and rear (and both sides when possible) must be covered quickly in order to establish effective control of the fire. You respond to a mercantile occupancy and the main body of fire is in the rear of the store. This fire should be attacked:
A. Primarily from the front or unburied side of the building.
B. Primarily from the rear or fire area of the building.
C. Primarily from the outside of the building.
D. Primarily from the corners of the building.
A. Primarily from the front or unburied side of the building.
If initial attack lines are not gaining control of a fire, is probably that the streams are not reaching into the seat of the fire or that these hoselines are not delivering enough water to cool the area. If a 2 1/2 inch hose line with spray nozzle is used for the initial attack, the backup lines should be:
A. Master stream devices.
B. 2 inch hoseline with spray nozzle.
C. 2 1/2 inch hoseline with smoothbore tip.
D. 2 1/2 inch hoseline with spray nozzle.
C. 2 1/2 inch hoseline with smoothbore tip.
If initial attack lines are not gaining control of a fire, is probably that the streams are not reaching into the seat of the fire or that these hoselines are not delivering enough water to cool the area. Went two 1 3/4 inch hoselines are used for initial attack, the backup line should be a:
A. One 1 3/4 inch hose line. B. Two 1 2/3 hose lines. C. Three 1 3/4 inch hose lines. D. One 2 1/2 inch hose line. C.
D. One 2 1/2 inch hose line.
If initial attack lines are not gaining control of a fire, is probably that the streams are not reaching into the seat of the fire or that these hoselines are not delivering enough water to cool the area. When a fire is so serious that the heaviest hoselines must be used for the initial attack (2 1/2 inch hose with 1 1/8 inch and 1 1/4 inch tips), _____ must be available for backup.
A. Additional 2 1/2 inch hoselines.
B. Additional pumpers.
C. Master stream appliances.
D. Foam extinguishing agents.
C. Master stream appliances.
If backup lines are placed in service, the initial attack lines should be shut down. The latter have already proved to be ineffective against the fire; there is little that they can do in support of the heavier streams. After the backup lines have gained control of the fire and an advance have been made, the smaller lines can be used to perform:
A. Back up for the larger lines.
B. Extinguishment and overhaul operations.
C. Rescue operations.
D. An emergence exit path for disoriented firefighters.
B. Extinguishment and overhaul operations.
According to EOC: In addition to backup lines, a rapid intervention crew of at least _____ firefighters equipped with full PPE, SCBA, and necessary tools and equipment should be standing by ready to enter the building. This group consists of personnel who may be needed to respond immediately to assist in locating or removing a lost or trapped firefighter or to any incident involving a firefighter in distress.
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 6.
C. 4. (According to ECO p.109)
NFPA 1901 requires a minimum of _____ of 1/2 inch, 1 3/4 inch, or 2 inch fire hose to be carried on pumper fire apparatus.
A. 400 feet.
B. 600 feet.
C. 800 feet.
D. 1,000 feet.
A. 400 feet.
NFPA 1901, Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus states that an engine itself should be equipped the pump having a rated pumping capacity of no less than _____ and a water tank that carries at least 300 gallons of water.
A. 500 gallons per minute.
B. 750 gallons per minute.
C. 1,000 gallons per minute.
D. 1,250 gallons per minute.
B. 750 gallons per minute.
NFPA 1901, Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus states that an engine itself should be equipped the pump having a rated pumping capacity of no less than 750 gallons per minute and a water tank that carries at least ____ of water.
A. 250 gallons.
B. 300 gallons.
C. 500 gallons.
D. 750 gallons.
B. 300 gallons.
Wherever possible, 1 1/2 or 1 3/4 inch hose line should be preconnected to pump outlets. However, preconnected hose lines of 1 1/2 or 1 3/4 inch should not exceed _____ in length because excessive friction losses in longer lays. If these hose lines need to be extended a further distance, they should be connected to larger diameter hose lines.
A. 150 feet.
B. 200 feet.
C. 250 feet.
D. 300 feet.
C. 250 feet.
NFPA 1901 requires a minimum of _____ 2 1/2 inch or larger firehose.
A. 400 feet.
B. 500 feet.
C. 800 feet.
D. 1,200 feet.
C. 800 feet.
The NFPA requires the following nozzles to be carried on pumper apparatus… the exception is:
A. One combination spray nozzle, 200 gallons per minute.
B. Two combination spray nozzles, 95 gallons per minute.
C. One combination spray nozzles, 35o gallons per minute.
D. One playpipe, with shutoff and 1 inch, 1 1/8 inch, and 1 1/4 inch tips.
C. One combination spray nozzles, 35o gallons per minute. (FALSE)
Solid stream nozzles are classified according to nozzle diameter. Nozzles with tips up to 1 1/8 inch or perhaps 1 1/4 inch are generally considered for use on handlines (those normally held in hands). A _____ tip is the breaking point for handlines and streams at 50 PSI versus 80 psi.
A. 1 1/8 inch.
B. 1 1/4 inch.
C. 1 1/2 inch.
D. 2 inch.
B. 1 1/4 inch.
The 1 1/8 inch nozzle used with 2 1/2 inch hose line produces the so-called standard fire department stream of _____ at about 50 PSI nozzle pressure.
A. 150 GPM.
B. 200 GPM.
C. 250 GPM.
D. 300 GPM.
C. 250 GPM.
The ____ nozzle used with 2 1/2 inch hose line produces the so-called standard fire department stream of 250 GPM at about 50 PSI nozzle pressure.
A. 1 inch.
B. 1 1/8 inch.
C. 1 1/4 inch.
D. 1 1/2 inch.
B. 1 1/8 inch.
The 1 1/8 inch nozzle used with ____ hose line produces the so-called standard fire department stream of 250 GPM at about 50 PSI nozzle pressure.
A. 1 1/2 inch.
B. 1 3/4 inch.
C. 2 inch.
D. 2 1/2 inch.
D. 2 1/2 inch.
The 1 1/8 inch nozzle used with 2 1/2 inch hose line produces the so-called standard fire department stream of 250 GPM at about _____ nozzle pressure.
A. 50 PSI.
B. 80 PSI.
C. 100 PSI.
D. 150 PSI.
A. 50 PSI.
Tips from ____ to ____ are usually used on master stream appliances, such as monitors, deluge sets, or deck guns.
A. 1 1/8 to 2 inches.
B. 1 1/4 to 2 inches.
C. 1 1/2 to 2 inches.
D. 1 3/4 to 2 1/2 inches.
B. 1 1/4 to 2 inches.
Spray nozzles are also called fog nozzles and produce varying degrees of Waterspray. They may have a fix spray angle or maybe adjusted from almost a straight stream to a very wide angle spray. Many spray nozzles have predetermined pattern settings, usually at straight stream, ____ , ____ , ____ degree spray angles. The designated flow from a spray nozzle is usually rated at 100 PSI nozzle pressure.
A. 20-, 30-, and 40-.
B. 25-, 50-, and 75-.
C. 30-, 60-, and 90-.
D. 35-, 65-, and 95-.
C. 30-, 60-, and 90-.
Spray nozzles are also called fog nozzles and produce varying degrees of Waterspray. They may have a fix spray angle or maybe adjusted from almost a straight stream to a very wide angle spray. Many spray nozzles have predetermined pattern settings, usually at straight stream, 30-, 60-, and 90- degree spray angles. The designated flow from a spray nozzle is usually rated at _____ nozzle pressure, although there are now low-pressure spray nozzles operate at lower pressures.
A. 50 PSI.
B. 80 PSI.
C. 100 PSI.
D. 105 PSI.
C. 100 PSI.
The master stream appliance is a portable unit that can be used either mounted or detached from the pumper. It is capable of immediate application of a heavy stream. NFPA 1901 recommended master stream appliance of _____ minimum.
A. 500 GPM.
B. 750 GPM.
C. 1,000 GPM.
D. 1,200 GPM.
C. 1,000 GPM.
NFPA 1901 requires a minimum of ____ of soft suction or ____ of hard suction hose.
A. 10 feet ; 20 feet.
B. 15 feet ; 20 feet.
C. 20 feet ; 30 feet.
D. 25 feet ; 35 feet.
B. 15 feet ; 20 feet.
A hard-suction hose is generally available in sizes from 2 1/2 to 6 inches. Pumpers will carry a minimum of _____ section of hard sleeves (hard suction).
A. 10 feet.
B. Two 10 foot sections.
C. 20 feet.
D. Two 20 foot sections.
B. Two 10 foot sections.
Perhaps the most desirable hose lay is the _____ , with the immediate charging of the supply line to the pumper. This enables the engine company to function independently with an uninterrupted supply of water from the beginning of the operation. The pumper is hooked up to its own hydrant and can quickly take up its position at the fire ground. If the fire continues to gain headway after the initial attack, other pumpers can supply water to the pump, which is already in position.
A. Forward to lay using a charged supply line.
B. Forward lay using an uncharged supply line.
C. Direct to fire-no line laid (or split lay).
D. Reverse lay using a charge line.
A. Forward to lay using a charged supply line.
In this approach, a supply line is laid from the hydrant to the fire, but the line is left uncharged at the hydrant for another company to charge or hook up too. Now the entire crew of the first pumper can proceed to the fire; the firefighter who wraps the supply line around hydrant boards the pumper immediately and proceeds with the rest of the crew to the fire ground. Another company will now be responsible for going to the hydrant, hooking up the supply hose and charging the line.
A. Forward to lay using a charged supply line.
B. Forward lay using an uncharged supply line.
C. Direct to fire-no line laid (or split lay).
D. Reverse lay using a charge line.
B. Forward lay using an uncharged supply line.
In this approach, the first pumper to arrive to the fire ground lays no supply line. It proceeds directly to the fire and begins working off the water in its tank. This can be a safe and effective procedure only when at least two companies are sure of arriving close together or, better still, see each other arriving. The second pumper lays an adequate supply line from the first pumper to the hydrant and charges the line. Another alternative would have the second pumper lay a supply line from a hydrant to the first pumper for a quick water supply. If needed, the second pumper could then obtain its own water supply.
A. Forward to lay using a charged supply line.
B. Forward lay using an uncharged supply line.
C. Direct to fire-no line laid (or split lay).
D. Reverse lay using a charge line.
C. Direct to fire-no line laid (or split lay).
In this approach, the pumper lays firefighting hose lines or an LDH supply line from the fire to the hydrant. The pumper is then hooked up to the hydrant and when ready, pumping operations can begin.
A. Forward to lay using a charged supply line.
B. Forward lay using an uncharged supply line.
C. Direct to fire-no line laid (or split lay).
D. Reverse lay using a charge line.
D. Reverse lay using a charge line.
The following are advantages of a forward lay using a charged supply line… the exception is:
A. The engine company is self-sufficient in terms of water supply.
B. The company is free to take up any position in the front, rear, or side of the burning structure and began operations with an uninterrupted water supply.
C. Another responding engine company may drop off its crew and use hose lines taken off the forward engine company. If needed, this later arriving engine could then lay an additional supply line to another hydrant, supplementing the water supply on the fire ground.
D. There is a slight delay while the pumper stops and drops off a firefighter to dress the hydrant with the supply line.
E. A large hose line (2 1/2 inch line) or a preconnected master stream appliance may be used almost immediately after arrival at the fire, with an uninterrupted water supply.
D. There is a slight delay while the pumper stops and drops off a firefighter to dress the hydrant with the supply line. (FALSE - disadvantage)
The following are disadvantages of a forward lay using a charged supply line… the exception is:
A. The engine company is self-sufficient in terms of water supply.
B. There is a slight delay while the pumper stops and drops off a firefighter to dress the hydrant with the supply line.
C. There is a temporary loss of this firefighter, who must remain at the hydrant until the supply line is charged.
D. Supply lines being laid may hinder access of ladder company or aerial apparatus.
A. The engine company is self-sufficient in terms of water supply. (FALSE - advantage)
The following are advantages in using the forward lay using an uncharged supply line… the exception is:
A. After laying the supply line at the hydrant, the entire crew can proceed to the fire scene to fight the fire.
B. The second arriving pumper should arrive shortly thereafter and establish a water supply.
C. Two engine companies are required to provide one engine company with an uninterrupted water supply.
C. Two engine companies are required to provide one engine company with an uninterrupted water supply. (FALSE - disadvantage)
The following are disadvantages in using the forward lay using an uncharged supply line… the exception is:
A. Two engine companies are required to provide one engine company with an uninterrupted water supply.
B. Another company must respond from the same direction for this task to be completed in a timely manner.
C. After laying the supply line at the hydrant, the entire crew can proceed to the scene to fight the fire.
D. At least two engine companies must arrive at the fire ground in quick succession if this procedure is to be efficient.
E. If radiocommunication’s are not monitored or standard operating guidelines are not followed, there’s a good chance that this evolution will not be completed in a timely manner.
C. After laying the supply line at the hydrant, the entire crew can proceed to the scene to fight the fire. (FALSE - advantage)
The following are advantages of the direct-to-fire-no-line-laid approach… the exception is:
A. The first arriving pumper and its entire crew go directly to the fire to begin firefighting operations.
B. The crew of the second pumper is dropped off at the fire; they can use attack lines off the first pumper on the fire once a water supply has been established.
C. Two engine companies are required to provide one engine company with an uninterrupted water supply.
D. This approach is effective when drafting is necessary to obtain an uninterrupted supply of water.
C. Two engine companies are required to provide one engine company with an uninterrupted water supply. (FALSE - disadvantage)
The following are disadvantages of the direct-to-fire-no-line-laid approach… the exception is:
A. The operation will not work unless companies arrive close together, communicate with each other, and follow standard operating guidelines.
B. This approach is effective when drafting is necessary to obtain an uninterrupted supply of water.
C. Two engine companies are required to provide one engine company with an uninterrupted water supply.
D. There is little or no margin of safety for attack crews.
B. This approach is effective when drafting is necessary to obtain an uninterrupted supply of water. (FALSE - advantage)
The following are advantages of using the reverse lay using a charged line… the exception is:
A. The engine company is self-sufficient in terms of its own water supply.
B. Later arriving engine companies may initially hook up to a pumper operating from a hydrant and, if required, lay additional lines to the fire.
C. Pumpers are not positioned close to the fire and thus do not block the approach and operation of aerial ladder trucks or elevating platforms.
D. This procedure does not get water onto the fire as fast as operations with pre-connected hose lines.
D. This procedure does not get water onto the fire as fast as operations with pre-connected hose lines. (FALSE - disadvantage)
The following are disadvantages of using the reverse lay using a charged line… the exception is:
A. This procedure does not get water on the fire as fast as operations with pre-connected hose lines.
B. Equipment needed on the fire ground will have to be removed from the pumper before the pumper proceeds to the hydrant. Standard operating guidelines should dictate what firefighter should remove from the pumper before it proceeds to the hydrant.
C. Pumpers are not positioned close to the fire and thus do not block the approach and operation of aerial ladder trucks or elevating platforms.
C. Pumpers are not positioned close to the fire and thus do not block the approach and operation of aerial ladder trucks or elevating platforms. (FALSE - advantage)
Both front and rear (and the sides, when possible) must be covered quickly in order to establish effective control of the fire. The first arriving engine company is normally assigned to cover the _____ .
A. Front of the building.
B. Water supply/backup line.
C. Rear of the building.
D. Water supply for RIT.
A. Front of the building. (First pumper) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ B. Water supply/backup line. (Second pumper) C. Rear of the building. (Third pumper) D. Water supply for RIT. (Fourth pumper)
Both front and rear (and the sides, when possible) must be covered quickly in order to establish effective control of the fire. The second arriving ladder company is usually assigned to _____ .
A. The front of the building.
B. The rear of the building.
C. The sides of the building.
D. Water supply/backup line.
B. The rear of the building. (2nd arriving ladder company)
________________________________
A. The front of the building. (1st arriving ladder company)
Both front and rear (and the sides, when possible) must be covered quickly in order to establish effective control of the fire. The position the first arriving company takes may depend on the building type. When responding to a _____ , The first pumper should proceed just passed the building. This permits the officer and crew to observe one side as they approach, then the front, and then the far side when they stop. Only the rear will not have been observed, and that will be covered by the next arriving engine company. The engine company, positioned in this manner, leaves room for a later arriving ladder company to get into position in front of the building.
A. Narrow, detached building.
B. Wide-frontage building.
C. Detached buildings.
D. Attached buildings.
A. Narrow, detached building. (ex- Single-family detached dwelling)
In _____ the first arriving company can at least observe the approach side of the building and the front. The pumper should be positioned so that entrances to the building can be used in attacking the fire. Later arriving pumpers may be used to cover the rear, predicted on the strategic goals of command.
A. Narrow, detached building.
B. Wide-frontage building.
C. Detached buildings.
D. Attached buildings.
B. Wide-frontage building. (Ex- Warehouses, garden apartment buildings, or large factories)
In approaching a building with wide frontage, the pumper should be positioned:
A. Just passed the structure.
B. At the entrance that is most assessable to the fire.
C. According to the approach of the first arriving ladder truck.
D. In front of the building so that hose lines and equipment can be carried to the rear.
B. At the entrance that is most assessable to the fire.
As the first pump arrives at the front of a narrow, detached building, it should proceed:
A. Just passed the structure.
B. At the entrance that is most assessable to the fire.
C. According to the approach of the first arriving ladder truck.
D. In front of the building so that hose lines and equipment can be carried to the rear.
A. Just passed the structure.
For front coverage of an attached structure, the first arriving engine should be positioned:
A. Just passed the structure.
B. At the entrance that is most assessable to the fire.
C. According to the approach of the first arriving ladder truck.
D. In front of the building so that hose lines and equipment can be carried to the rear.
C. According to the approach of the first arriving ladder truck.
Where alleys or other access routes allow, pumpers may be positioned at the rear of a detached building. When no rear access to a detached building is available, pumpers need to be positioned:
A. Just passed the structure.
B. At the entrance that is most assessable to the fire.
C. According to the approach of the first arriving ladder truck.
D. In front of the building so that hose lines and equipment can be carried to the rear.
D. In front of the building so that hose lines and equipment can be carried to the rear.
A fire in _____ presents a more acute problem. The sides of all but the end buildings are hidden, and the first arriving company has a limited view of the situation. When the ladder company is approaching the building from the same direction, the engine company should position itself slightly past the front of the building. This will keep the front clear for the ladder company operations. When the ladder company is approaching from the opposite direction, the engine company should stop short of the front of the building.
A. Narrow, detached building.
B. Wide-frontage building.
C. Detached buildings.
D. Attached buildings.
D. Attached buildings. (Continuing complex of attached structures)
In a complex of attached structures with the ladder company approaching a fire from the same direction as the pumper, the engine company should position itself:
A. Slightly past the front of the fire building.
B. Just short of the front of the building.
C. At the entrance that is most accessible to the fire.
D. At the rear of the building.
A. Slightly past the front of the fire building. (keeping the front clear for ladder company operations)
In a complex of attached structures with the ladder company approaching a fire from the opposite direction as the pumper, the engine company should:
A. Slightly past the front of the fire building.
B. Stop just short of the front of the building.
C. At the entrance that is most accessible to the fire.
D. At the rear of the building.
B. Stop just short of the front of the building.
In some residential, light commercial, or industrial areas with _____ , rear access-ways may not be wide enough for a pumper. This means that the company or companies assigned to cover the rear must position the apparatus on the street and carry their hose lines and equipment to the rear.
A. Narrow, detached building.
B. Wide-frontage building.
C. Detached buildings.
D. Attached buildings.
C. Detached buildings.
Complete coverage ensures that exposures will be protected by properly laid hoselines. In terms of rescue, the benefit of this complete coverage is a immediate. The benefit in terms of other firefighting operations is almost as great. These benefits include… the exception is:
A. The full extent of the fire will be known.
B. There will be few, if any, surprises.
C. Severe exposure problems will be discovered and dealt with.
D. Companies surrounding the fire building can work independently from each other, assisting each other for maximum efficiency.
D. Companies surrounding the fire building can work “independently from each other”, assisting each other for maximum efficiency. (FALSE - “in unison”)
Rear coverage is vital _____ in in general. Many of these fire start in the work/storage sections behind the sales floor (in the rear of the store). Utilities (water, gas, and electricity) pass from store to store at the rear and pierce the walls. Fire can spread rapidly through these utility openings. Fire companies position that the rear may be the first to notice the spread and take action to stop it. The main body of fire in the rear of the store, however, should be attacked primarily from the front or unburnt side of the building.
A. Shopping Malls. B. Set-back buildings. C. Standard Shopping Centers. D. Mercantile areas. E. Garden apartments. F. Central corridor construction. G. High-rise buildings.
D. Mercantile areas.
_____ might be set far off the street, with a long drive leading to it and no room in which to maneuver apparatus. There maybe other barriers and hindrances such as trees, a wall, or a fence that block the proper positioning of apparatus. In such a case, the first engine company to arrive should approach as close to the building as fire and wind conditions permit. The second engine company should locate the rear of the first engine, in a position that will not interfere with the operation of the first engine. The crew of the second engine should then proceed on foot to provide the rear or side coverage.
A. Shopping Malls. B. Set-back buildings. C. Standard Shopping Centers. D. Mercantile areas. E. Garden apartments. F. Central corridor construction. G. High-rise buildings.
B. Set-back buildings.
Huge enclosed _____ are usually close to rectangular in shape. Most are designed to allow direct entrance into the central area through large doorways on either side of the structure. Although few doors are big enough for apparatus, hoselines can be carried through with little problem. _____ are usually surrounded by parking lots or roads. Thus, there is ready access to the sides and entrances for front and rear coverage of a fire in a store or in the central court itself. Engine companies should be positioned to take advantage of the best entrances in relation to the fire.
A. Shopping Malls. B. Set-back buildings. C. Standard Shopping Centers. D. Mercantile areas. E. Garden apartments. F. Central corridor construction. G. High-rise buildings.
A. Shopping Malls.
_____ usually consist of attached blocks of buildings. Front and rear coverage here is as important as in the situations discussed earlier. Sometimes the rear doors and windows permit ready access to the back of the building. In other cases, rear windows are limited in size, are barred, and/or are located high on the wall, the doors are made of steel and securely fastened from the inside; however, most windows can be put to use for fire attack or venting, and it might be possible to force the doors without losing much time. If conditions warrant, walls maybe breached to gain entry, perform rescue, or attack the fire.
A. Shopping Malls. B. Set-back buildings. C. Standard Shopping Centers. D. Mercantile areas. E. Garden apartments. F. Central corridor construction. G. High-rise buildings.
C. Standard Shopping Centers.
Front and rear coverage are most important in the non-fire-resistant structures commonly known as _____ . Usually limited in height to three or four stories, these are actually frame buildings with a wood, brick, or masonry veneer. Often, the workmanship and materials are flimsy, and there is little to slow the spread of fire once it starts within the building.
A. Shopping Malls. B. Set-back buildings. C. Standard Shopping Centers. D. Mercantile areas. E. Garden apartments. F. Central corridor construction. G. High-rise buildings.
E. Garden apartments.
In the usual design, half of the _____ can be seen only from the front, and half only from the rear. Thus, the first arriving company may not even notice a fire in a rear apartment. For this reason, it is important that command assigns the other responding companies to the rear and that a size-up is quickly made of this area.
A. Shopping Malls. B. Set-back buildings. C. Standard Shopping Centers. D. Mercantile areas. E. Garden apartments. F. Central corridor construction. G. High-rise buildings.
E. Garden apartments.
Another problem is the varying height of some _____ . Building codes usually limited these buildings to three and sometimes four stories; however, this is often measured from the position of the front entrance. If such a building is set into a steep grade, additional stories maybe added at the rear. This means that firefighters in front may be looking at a three or four story building, whereas crews in the rear must cope with a five or six story structure.
A. Shopping Malls. B. Set-back buildings. C. Standard Shopping Centers. D. Mercantile areas. E. Garden apartments. F. Central corridor construction. G. High-rise buildings.
E. Garden apartments.
In _____ , engine companies should be positioned to take advantage of the best entrances in relation to the fire. Also, protective systems should be located as soon as possible, in the event they need to be supplied.
A. Shopping Malls. B. Set-back buildings. C. Standard Shopping Centers. D. Mercantile areas. E. Garden apartments. F. Central corridor construction. G. High-rise buildings.
A. Shopping Malls. (or Covered Malls)
Occasionally, in _____ buildings that are extremely long will be divided in two lengthwise, blocking access to the rear through the building. Also, outside accessways to the rear may be too narrow for an engine. If the fire is in a rear apartment near either end of the building, there is little problem, but when it is located 200 or 300 feet or more towards the center, crews must have some way to get into action quickly. Lines could be stretched around the back from pumpers positioned at the ends of the building; In extremely long stretches, it might be better to drop some firefighters at the end of the building so that they can proceed on foot to the fire area. The engine is then located in the front, opposite the fire, and lines are passed over the roof by quickly laddering the front side. Many fire departments have had success with such operations, but only after planning and on-site training.
A. Shopping Malls. B. Set-back buildings. C. Standard Shopping Centers. D. Mercantile areas. E. Garden apartments. F. Central corridor construction. G. High-rise buildings.
E. Garden apartments.
In _____ (such as many motels, hotels, and office buildings), because the rear units cannot be covered from the front, both front and rear coverage must be put into operation.
A. Shopping Malls. B. Set-back buildings. C. Standard Shopping Centers. D. Mercantile areas. E. Garden apartments. F. Central corridor construction. G. High-rise buildings.
F. Central corridor construction.
In buildings with _____, a central corridor on each floor divides the floor in two. Again, the result is that half the rooms can be seen only from the front and half only from the rear. Because the rear units cannot be covered from the front, both the front and rear coverage must be put into operation. The first arriving company is usually positioned close to the front entrance, because that is the major access point.
A. Shopping Malls. B. Set-back buildings. C. Standard Shopping Centers. D. Mercantile areas. E. Garden apartments. F. Central corridor construction. G. High-rise buildings.
F. Central corridor construction.
In _____ operations, the first arriving company should be positioned so that crew members have ready access to the front entrance and to standpipe inlets and outlets. Other responding engine companies are positioned by command at the rear and sides, if possible, with consideration to the width and length of the building and locations of standpipe intakes, rather than by its height.
A. Shopping Malls. B. Set-back buildings. C. Standard Shopping Centers. D. Mercantile areas. E. Garden apartments. F. Central corridor construction. G. High-rise buildings.
G. High-rise buildings.
Both front and rear (and besides, when possible) must be covered quickly in order to establish effective control fire. The position the first arriving company takes may depend on the building type. When responding to a _____ the first arriving company can at least observed the approach side of the building and the front. The pumper should be positioned so that entrances to the building can be used in attacking the fire. Later arriving pumpers maybe used to cover the rear, predicated on the strategic goals of command.
A. Narrow, detached building.
B. Wide-frontage building.
C. Attached building.
D. Set-back building.
B. Wide-frontage building.
Initial size up will indicate where firefighters should begin their search and rescue and fire attack operations. These operations, coordinated by the incident commander, should begin immediately. Firefighters must be aware of the two-in/two-out rule as dictated by OSHA and NFPA 1500. During the initial stages of an incident, firefighters working inside the hazard area must work with a crew of at least:
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 2.
D. 2.
A rapid intervention team (RIT) must be provided from the initial stages of an incident to its conclusion. The objective of the RIT is to have a fully equipped rescue team on site, in a ready state, to immediately react and respond to rescue injured or trapped firefighters and civilians. If possible, the RIT should be a crew of ____ firefighters, one of whom must be an officer.
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 2.
B. 4.
If possible, the RIT should be a crew of four firefighters, one of whom must be an officer. This process begins with the first arriving companies using the two-in/two-out protocol. During the initial stages of an incident, firefighters working inside the hazard area must work with a crew of at least ____ members.
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 2.
D. 2.
If possible, the RIT should be a crew of four firefighters, one of whom must be an officer. This process begins with the first arriving companies using the two-in/two-out protocol. A minimum of _____ firefighters should be assigned, but usually a company consisting of three or more firefighters is assigned to this responsibility. If the incident becomes complex, additional companies should be assigned. RIT members should be in full PPE and have all necessary tools and equipment needed.
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 2.
D. 2.
Water is essential to the primary search and rescue operations as it is to extinguishment. Water from attack lines is used to… the exception is:
A. Separate the fire from the occupants closest to it by placing hose lines in strategic locations.
B. Control interior stairways and corridors for evacuating occupants and advancing firefighters.
C. Protect firefighters performing the primary search, ventilation, and extinguishment around, above, and below the fire.
D. As an alternative to accommodate firefighters not wearing SCBAs.
D. As an alternative to accommodate firefighters not wearing SCBAs. (FALSE)
FDCs are required on all Class I and Class III standpipe systems. On manual standpipe systems, FDCs serve as the only water supply. On automatic and semiautomatic standpipe systems, they serve as an auxiliary supply. As a rule, FDCs are provided with one 2 1/2 inch inlet for each _____ of the design flow rate. Some fire departments require larger diameter inlets that are designed to connect to larger diameter hose. It is preferable to use 4 inch or larger piping for connecting the FDC to the system mains.
A. 100 GPM.
B. 250 GPM.
C. 500 GPM.
D. 1000 GPM.
B. 250 GPM.
At least two supply lines should be connected into the intake siamese FDC. Standard Siamese hookup is accomplished by first connecting first supply line to the _____ intake and charged to get water into the system quickly. The second supply line should then be connected to the _____ intake and charged.
A. Right, left.
B. Left, right.
C. Right, middle.
D. Middle, left.
B. Left, right.
________________________________
1st line = left intake
2nd line = right intake
Basement fires are one of the most difficult and dangerous types of incidents that firefighters will encounter. The following statement is TRUE regarding basement fires when fire is showing out of the basement windows or doorways:
A. An aggressive exterior attack should be made from the unburnt side.
B. In most of these incidents, the fire, heat, and smoke are usually venting out in the proper direction (the unburnt side).
C. Ventilation is a key element in controlling the fire by permitting the products of combustion to escape while allowing firefighters to gain entry into the basement.
D. An aggressive interior should be made from the burned side.
A. An aggressive “exterior” attack should be made from the unburnt side. (FALSE - “interior”)
B. In most of these incidents, the fire, heat, and smoke are usually venting out in the proper direction (the “unburnt side”). (FALSE - “burned side”)
D. An aggressive interior should be made from the “burned side”. (FALSE - “unburned side”)
Basement fires are one of the most difficult and dangerous types of incidents that firefighters will encounter. The following statements are TRUE regarding basement fires when fire is showing out of the basement windows or doorways… the exception is:
A. An aggressive exterior attack should be made from the unburnt side.
B. In most of these incidents, the fire, heat, and smoke are usually venting out in the proper direction (the burned side).
C. Ventilation is a key element in controlling the fire by permitting the products of combustion to escape while allowing firefighters to gain entry into the basement.
D. An aggressive interior should be made from the unburned side.
A. An aggressive “exterior” attack should be made from the unburnt side. (FALSE - “interior”)
You are operating at a first floor fire in a two-story building. You are climbing stairs to conduct a search on the second floor. As you approach the second floor, you find the conditions are untenable. Your best course of action at this point is to:
A. Search the second floor from your location with a thermal imaging camera.
B. Ventilate the second floor by opening the roof.
C. Ventilate the second floor from outside.
D. Back down the stairs until second-floor conditions become tenable.
C. Ventilate the second floor from outside.
A free burning fire may also be attacked indirectly. An indirect attack is one in which a solid, straight, or narrow fog stream is used to direct water at the ceiling to cool superheated gases in the upper levels of the room. The objective of the indirect attack is to:
A. Prevent flashover.
B. Apply water directly to the burning material.
C. Prevent Backdraft.
D. Establish thermal layering.
A. Prevent flashover. (by removing heat from the upper atmosphere)
Following statements are TRUE regarding guidelines for safe and effective stream operation… the exception is:
A. Conduct a risk versus benefit analysis before entering a building.
B. Use a direct attack to deliver water directly onto the fire.
C. Sweep the floor with the stream to cool burning debris and hot services.
D. As the advance is made, the angle of the stream should be increased to protect firefighters from the heat of the fire.
D. As the advance is made, the angle of the stream should be “increased” to protect firefighters from the heat of the fire. (FALSE - “lowered”)
Backup lines are the engine company’s first line of defense. The following statements are TRUE regarding backup lines… the exception is:
A. Backup lines should be positioned close to and set up to cover the same areas as the initial attack lines. They should not be charged or put into operation unless needed.
B. Backup lines should have greater reach and deliver more water than the initial attack lines.
C. Backup lines should always be the same size and nozzle as used on the initial attack line.
D. A 2 1/2 inch attack line should always be backed up by another 2 1/2 inch hose line.
C. Backup lines should always be the same size and nozzle as used on the initial attack line. (FALSE - at least one size larger)
Your company has responded to a working fire in a commercial structure. You’re directed to protect an external exposure. The best way to accomplish this goal is to:
A. Direct your fog nozzle between the fire building and the exposure taking care not to allow water to hit either building. This will absorb radiant heat on the exposure.
B. Direct your fog nozzle on the exterior of the exposure to cool the surface of the building.
C. Direct your straight stream nozzle between the fire building and exposure taking care not to allow water to hit either building in order to minimize unnecessary water damage.
D. Direct your fog nozzle from the outside to drive the radiant heat back into the fire building.
B. Direct your fog nozzle on the exterior of the exposure to cool the surface of the building. (TRUE)
There are three ways in which fire travels: convection, radiation, and conduction.
1) In combination with convected heat, radiation creates the most severe area of exposure; this area must be protected first.
2) However, since radiation is not affected by wind, the windward side of the fire cannot be ignored by the fire force.
A. #1 is true.
B. #2 is true.
C. #1 & #2 are true.
D. #1 & #2 are false.
C. #1 & #2 are true.
The three major tactical priorities on the fire ground are as follows… the exception:
A. Life safety.
B. Water supply.
C. Extinguishment.
D. Property conservation.
B. Water supply. (FALSE)
Oxygen, fuel, and heat are required to start and sustain the combustion process. These form three sides of the familiar fire triangle. A more advanced concept of combustion includes a fourth element, _____ , to form a fire tetrahedron.
A. A combustion phase.
B. A chemical chain reaction phase.
C. A growth phase.
D. A nuclear chain reaction phase.
B. A chemical chain reaction phase.
When the fire burns unchecked, heat production increases. As the original fuel sources are consumed, the fire travels to new fuel sources in uninvolved parts of the building and in exposures. There are four ways he travels:
A. Convection, radiation, conduction, explosion.
B. Convection, radiation, conduction, chemically.
C. Convection, radiation, conduction, direct flame contact.
D. Convection, radiation, conduction, vertically/horizontally.
C. Convection, radiation, conduction, direct flame contact.
1) Proper ventilation is a great help against concentrations of radiant heat.
2) Venting will remove the smoke, hot air and heating gases, thereby lessening the chance of rapid spread and flashover.
A. #1 is true.
B. #2 is true.
C. #1 & # 2 are true.
D. #1 & # 2 are false.
B. #2 is true.
1) Proper ventilation is a great help against concentrations of “radiant heat”. (FALSE - “convected heat”)
_____ is the travel of heat through a solid body. Although it is normally the least of the problems at a fire, the chances of fire travel by _____ should not be overlooked.
A. Convection.
B. Radiation.
C. Conduction.
D. Flying brands.
C. Conduction.
The engine itself should be equipped with a pump having a pumping capacity of at least 750 gallons per minute and a booster tank that carries at least 300 gallons of water. A rural company might find that a 1000 gallon booster tank is required to maintain initial attack for the length of time needed to set up its pumper. If so, that company should be equipped with a _____ booster tank.
A. 500 gallon.
B. 750 gallon.
C. 1,000 gallon.
D. 1,250 gallon.
C. 1,000 gallon.
An LDH offers many advantages, especially with a limited number of personnel. The following are all advantages of LDH… the exception is:
A. Increase in flow area. B. Reduction of maintenance. C. Reduction of friction loss. D. Increased productivity. E. Less physical stress on personnel.
B. Reduction of maintenance. (FALSE)
A supply hose is an LDH of _____ or larger. LDHs provide the movement of large amounts of water to the fire ground from a water source with less friction loss and fewer firefighters to establish a permanent water supply.
A. 2 1/2 inches.
B. 3 inches.
C. 3 1/2 inches.
D. 4 inches.
C. 3 1/2 inches.
Most common LDH hose are 4 or 5 inch diameter
Perhaps the most desirable hose lay is the straight lay of supply line from the hydrant to the fire. The following are advantages of the straight lay… the exception is:
A. The company is self-sufficient in terms of water supply.
B. The company is free to take up any position and began operations with continuing water supply.
C. Later arriving units may drop off their crew to use the firefighting lines of the first unit.
D. Supply lines may hinder access of ladder companies.
D. Supply lines may hinder access of ladder companies.
On arriving at a single family detached dwelling, the first arriving engine company should:
A. Stop 100 feet before the fire building.
B. Stop just short of the fire building.
C. Stop in front of the fire building.
D. Stop just passed the fire building.
D. Stop just passed the fire building.
Preparation for rescue begins well before the alarm is received. It begins with a thorough knowledge of the company’s area of responsibility, including the occupancies, the hazards, and potential rescue problems. Even before the pumper has stopped, the officer should have begun a careful sizeup of the fire scene. In addition to the extent of fire, all of the following facts about the building are important in asserting what rescue operations are needed… the exception is:
A. Occupancy. B. Construction. C. Size. D. Age. E. Apparent population of building.
B. Construction. (FALSE)
In a typical two-story, single-family dwelling with two or three rooms on fire on the first floor, occupants in the most danger are those close to the fire on the first floor and directly over the fire on the second floor.
1) The occupants on the first floor will be affected by radiant heat.
2) The occupants on the second floor will be affected by conducted smoke, hot air, and gases.
A. #1 is true.
B. #2 is true.
C. #1 & # 2 are true.
D. #1 & # 2 are false.
A. #1 is true.
________________________________
2) The occupants on the second floor will be affected by “conducted” smoke, hot air, and gases. (FALSE - “convected”)
