Building Construction Flashcards
Tilt-up concrete construction provides good fire resistance. However, if a single panel should collapse under fire conditions, such as in a building under construction, will pose _____ .
A. A minor threats to firefighters.
B. No threats to firefighters.
C. A moderate threat to firefighters.
D. A severe threat to firefighters.
D. A severe threat to firefighters.
A common form of construction used with precast concrete is known as _____ . In _____ , reinforced wall panels are cast at the job site in horizontal casting beds. After the concrete has cured, the wall panels are tilted up into the vertical position by a crane. Temporary bracing is provided until the roof supports or other permanent horizontal bracing is provided.
A. Cast-in-place concrete.
B. Tilt-up construction.
C. Precast concrete.
D. Waffle construction.
B. Tilt-up construction. (aka Tilt-Slab construction)
_____ is placed in forms and cured at a location other than the construction site. _____ may be produced at a plant some distance from the work site. Different structural shapes, including slabs, wall panels, and columns are transported to the job site and hoisted it into position.
A. Cast-in-place concrete.
B. Precast concrete.
C. Tilt-up construction.
D. Waffle construction.
B. Precast concrete.
_____ is a common type of concrete construction which refers to concrete that is poured into forms as a liquid and assumes the shape of the form in the position and location it will be used. _____ is not moved after it has hardened.
A. Cast-in-place concrete.
B. Precast concrete.
C. Tilt-up construction.
D. Waffle construction.
A. Cast-in-place concrete.
_____ represents a type of two-way slab. This method of forming concrete adds strength without extra weight. The pattern results from the placement of square forms over which the wet concrete is placed. This design provides a thicker slab while eliminating the weight of the unnecessary concrete in the bottom half of the slab.
A. Cast-in-place concrete.
B. Precast concrete.
C. Tilt-up construction.
D. Waffle construction.
D. Waffle construction.
One useful point that can be kept in mind by firefighters is that plasterboard partitions while capable of:
A. Providing good to fire resistance, are relatively hard to penetrate with forcible entry tools.
B. Providing poor fire resistance, are relatively easy to penetrate forcible tools.
C. Providing good fire resistance, are relatively easy to penetrate with forcible entry tools.
D. Providing poor fire resistance, are relatively hard to penetrate forcible entry tools.
C. Providing good fire resistance, are relatively easy to penetrate with forcible entry tools.
The atmosphere that would be ideal for a backdraft would be which of the following:
A. Fuel rich, oxygen-rich atmosphere.
B. Fuel poor, oxygen poor atmosphere.
C. Fuel rich, oxygen poor atmosphere.
D. Fuel poor, oxygen-rich atmosphere.
C. Fuel rich, oxygen poor atmosphere.
The vertical combustible spaces between the studs in _____ construction provide a channel for the rapid communication of fire from floor to floor.
A. Platform.
B. Balloon frame.
C. Western.
D. Braced.
B. Balloon frame.
With respect to structural stability, it should be noted that in general:
A. Roofs and floors are the same strength.
B. Roofs and floors are the weakest part of the building.
C. Roofs are not as strong as floors.
D. Roofs are stronger than floors.
C. Roofs are not as strong as floors.
Severe deterioration of foundations will usually result in:
1) Cracked walls.
2) Sagging floors.
A. #1 is true.
B. #2 is true.
C. #1 and #2 are true.
D. #1 and #2 are false.
C. #1 and #2 are true.
A well insulated building will tend to:
A. Accelerate the rate of fire growth and decrease the time to flashover.
B. Decrease the rate of fire growth and increase the time to flashover.
C. Decrease the rate of fire growth and decrease the time to flashover.
D. Increase the rate of fire growth and increase the time to flashover.
A. Accelerate the rate of fire growth and decrease the time to flashover.
(D. Also seems correct too? - weird practice exam question)
There are many situations where the weight of a structure is great enough that “ordinary” footings are not sufficient to transmit the load adequately to the ground. This is usually due to soil conditions which are in adequate to support the weight of the structure. This condition requires that _____ be used to transmit the weight of the structure to bedrock or to substrata soil that is of sufficient density to support the load.
A. Underpinning.
B. Grillage.
C. Floating foundations.
D. Pilings.
D. Pilings.
The type of wall that is least likely to be knocked over with a hose stream is:
A. Brick.
B. Clay tile.
C. Masonry stone.
D. Poured concrete.
D. Poured concrete.
The extent to which the presence of a foam insulation in a wood framed wall will increase fire spread within the wall will depend on:
A. The combustibility of the wood in the wall.
B. The existence of an air space.
C. The height of the wall.
D. The distance between the vertical supports in the wall.
B. The existence of an air space.
Cutting the steel in prestressed concrete could result in _____ .
A. Sudden failure.
B. Spalling.
C. May weaken the structure.
D. No change in the structure.
A. Sudden failure.
Cutting through reinforced steel with a saw or torch is particularly dangerous in _____ concrete because the steel is not bonded to the concrete. The steel strands are stretched like giant rubber bands. If they are cut, they are likely to spring out of the concrete, injuring emergency responders.
A. Pretensioned.
B. Posttensioned.
C. Ordinary reinforced.
D. Un-ordinary reinforced.
B. Posttensioned.
Cellulose fiber and shredded wood can be used as a loose insulation material. They can be treated with water soluble salts to reduce their combustibility. However, a fire in such materials will:
A. Being a flash fire.
B. Spread very quickly.
C. Spread moderately.
D. Progress in a slow smoldering manner.
D. Progress in a slow smoldering manner.
Wood trusses have been developed to support floors. Would trusses are usually spaced _____ on center.
A. 16 inches.
B. 24 inches.
C. 36 inches.
D. 48 inches.
B. 24 inches.
Typically, the last structural component to fail in a wood joisted masonry building is:
A. Masonry walls.
B. Roof.
C. Interior walls.
D. Girders.
A. Masonry walls.
Fire resistive compartmentalization while beneficial, provides only passive fire protection. That is:
A. Can extinguish but not retard or block a fire.
B. Can block or retard a fire, but not extinguish it.
C. Can extinguish the fire only.
D. Can block or retard a fire.
B. Can block or retard a fire, but not extinguish it.
Which type of slash balance moves on and open vertical channel beside or outside the window frame.
A. Spiral spring.
B. Spring.
C. Coiled tape.
D. Counterweight.
D. Counterweight.
If during overhaul, smoke is coming from behind the window casing, what must you do:
A. Open up the baseboard.
B. Open the wall over the window.
C. Remove the window casing.
D. Open the wall beside the case.
C. Remove the window casing.
A large horizontal structure member used to support the end of joists and beams is called.
A. Pilaster.
B. Column.
C. Lentil.
D. Girder.
D. Girder.
Spalling causes concrete to:
A. Break apart.
B. Strengthen.
C. Compress.
D. Dissolve.
A. Break apart.
The roof construction of most newer mobile homes uses the _____ for structural support.
A. Header beam.
B. Lentil.
C. Shallow bowstring truss.
D. Deep bowstring truss.
C. Shallow bowstring truss.
Plastics are being used in newer buildings due to the saving in both cost and weight. The most prominently used plastics are polyvinylchloride and:
A. Polyvinyl dichloride.
B. Polybutylene.
C. Polyethylene.
D. Polyvinylchloride.
A. Polyvinyl dichloride.
Casement windows are:
A. Non-operable.
B. Fixed windows.
C. Operable only on one side.
D. Operable on one or two sides.
D. Operable on one or two sides.
Which type of window provides 100% ventilation… the exception is:
A. Double hung.
B. Casement.
C. Awning.
D. Hopper.
A. Double hung.
Double hung windows are the least effective window type for ventilation purposes
Which of the following would NOT be considered a live load on a building:
A. People. B. Furniture. C. Vehicles. D. Wind. E. Seismic loads. F. HVAC systems. G. Weight of snow. H. Weight of rain.
F. HVAC systems. (Dead load - permanent part of the building)
Which of the following would NOT be considered a dead load on a building:
A. Roofs. B. Floor slabs. C. Decks. D. Interior walls. E. Stair systems. F. Exterior walls. G. Columns. H. Wind. I. Heating plants. J. HVAC systems. K. Elevator hoists. L. Pumps. M. Water supply tanks in earthquake zones.
H. Wind. (Live load)
_____ - Weight of the structure, structural members, building components, and any other feature permanently attached to the building that is consistent and immobile. Load on a structure due to its own height and other fixed weights.
A. Live loads. B. Dead loads. C. Static loads. D. Dynamic loads. E. Concentrated loads.
B. Dead loads.
_____ - Force placed upon a structure by the addition of people, objects, or weather.
A. Live loads. B. Dead loads. C. Static loads. D. Dynamic loads. E. Concentrated loads.
A. Live loads.
_____ - Load that is applied at one point or over a small area.
A. Live loads. B. Dead loads. C. Static loads. D. Dynamic loads. E. Concentrated loads.
E. Concentrated loads.
_____ - Loads that are steady, motionless, constant, or applied gradually.
A. Live loads. B. Dead loads. C. Static loads. D. Dynamic loads. E. Concentrated loads.
C. Static loads.
_____ - Loads that involve motion. They include the forces arising from wind, moving vehicles, earthquakes, vibration, falling objects, as well as the addition of a moving load force to an aerial device or structure.
A. Live loads. B. Dead loads. C. Static loads. D. Dynamic loads. E. Concentrated loads.
D. Dynamic loads. (aka Shock Loading)
A firefighter jumping from a ladder onto a roof would be called a:
A. Shock load.
B. Repeated load.
C. Static load.
D. Live load.
A. Shock load. (aka Dynamic load or Impact load)
The life of a building maybe 75 to 100 years or more. Over time the forces of nature can alter the structure. These forces include… the exception is:
A. Erosion of mortar in brick walls.
B. Rust and corrosion of exposed metals.
C. Rotting of wooden structural members.
D. Broken piping.
D. Broken piping.
When the load-bearing capacity of the soil beneath the building is low, the footing must be large in area and a mat foundation may be used. A mat foundation is a thick slab beneath the entire area of a building. The mat foundation is made of:
A. Pilings.
B. Steel.
C. Wood.
D. Very thick concrete.
D. Very thick concrete.
Wood trusses have been developed to support floors. The fire resistance of unprotected wood trusses is:
A. High.
B. Low.
C. None.
D. Moderate.
C. None.
In sprinkled buildings of combustible construction, sprinklers are required above the ceiling when the space exceeds _____ .
A. 4 inches.
B. 6 inches.
C. 12 inches.
D. 18 inches.
B. 6 inches.
As in the case of the living body, the course of the fire will be greatly influenced by the way in which the building reacts to it. Of the following statements, the most correct statement is:
A. Contents will greatly influence fire behavior.
B. Configuration will greatly influence fire behavior.
C. Both contents and configuration will greatly influence fire behavior.
D. Neither contents nor configuration will greatly influence fire behavior.
C. Both contents and configuration will greatly influence fire behavior.
(Practice exam says answer B?)
(Not found in book)
Specific terms are used to describe the different loads placed on a building. It is important that they be understood and used correctly. Loads that are delivered in a short time with a striking or collision effect are called:
A. Dead loads.
B. Static loads.
C. Impact loads.
D. Repeated loads.
C. Impact loads. (aka Dynamic loads or Shock loads)
Masonry walls are used extensively for foundation walls in all types of buildings. Of the following materials used in masonry walls, the materials that usually withstands higher temperatures is:
A. Clay tile and concrete.
B. Brick and concrete.
C. Concrete block.
D. Clay tile and brick.
D. Clay tile and brick.
One reason concrete is widely used as a building material is that it is extremely versatile. It has been previously pointed out that concrete, which is a mixture of Portland cement, fine aggregate (sand), and coarse aggregate (stone) has a _____ compressive strength but a _____ tensile strength.
A. Low, low.
B. Low, high.
C. High, Low.
D. High, high.
C. High, Low. (Strong, week.)
“Strong” in compression but “Weak” in tension.
The fire resistance of concrete blocks varies with the thickness of the blocks and the aggregate used in the concrete. The best fire resistance is obtained from concrete blocks made with:
A. Shale.
B. Crushed stone.
C. Slag.
D. Pumice.
D. Pumice.
Because they are combustible and because of the rapidity with which fire spreads over their surface, building codes impose stringent regulations on the use of _____ .
A. Rock wool insulation.
B. Glass wool insulation.
C. Foam insulation.
D. Cellulose fiber insulation.
C. Foam insulation.
Modern enclosed hoistways are designed to restrict the vertical travel of:
A. Fire and smoke.
B. Fire only.
C. Smoke only.
D. Neither fire nor smoke.
B. Fire only.
Not found in book p.122
And multiple elevator hoistways, most elevator cars are equipped with side exits to allow passengers to be transferred laterally from a stalled car to a functioning car next to it. Emergency exits are designed for rescuers to get into the car and not for trapped occupants to get out of the elevator on their own. These side exits can be opened from:
A. Inside the car by rescuers with a key.
B. Inside the car by rescuers without a key.
C. Outside car by rescuers with a key.
D. Outside the car by rescuers without a key.
D. Outside the car by rescuers without a key.
(Side exits can be opened from the outside where a permanent handle is provided; Some panels are locked from the inside and cannot be opened without a special key or handle.)
_____ are the safest means of exit from multistory buildings.
A. Fire escapes.
B. Smokeproof towers.
C. Scissors stairs.
D. Access stairs.
B. Smokeproof towers.
As with any vertical opening in a building, _____ can spread fire and smoke to other floors of the building. Shaft enclosures should be constructed of fire resistant materials with access openings protected to limit fire spread.
A. Light shafts.
B. Dumbwaiter shafts.
C. Refuse chutes.
D. Pipe chase.
D. Pipe chase.
Stairwells are used quite often to ventilate high-rise buildings that have fixed windows. The roof hatch releases smoke and heat from the stairwell and should be:
A. Open before the fire floor is vented to stairs.
B. Opened the same time as the fire floor is vented to stairs.
C. Opened after the fire floor is vented to stairs.
D. Not vented, ventilation will take care of itself.
A. Open before the fire floor is vented to stairs.
Of the following parts of a window assembly, the part which is not part of the frame is:
A. Sill.
B. Side jamb.
C. Head jamb.
D. Sash.
D. Sash.
Of the following types of windows, which one provides the least effective area for ventilation purposes.
A. Awning.
B. Jalousie.
C. Double Hung.
D. Pivot.
C. Double Hung.
A modular building is built in two or more sections at the factory. As in most manufactured buildings, lightweight components are used, the components are structurally sound as long as they are not attacked by fire. Breaching of any structural member in this type of construction can promote:
A. Partial collapse.
B Slightly weaken the structural integrity.
C. Promote structural collapse.
D. Have no effect on structural integrity.
C. Promote structural collapse.
Double hung windows have two operating sashes and single hung windows have one operating sash. What area is available for ventilation on these two windows?
A. 25%.
B. 30%.
C. 50%.
D. 60%.
C. 50%.
Wood trusses have been developed to support floors. These trusses consist of three members. The exception is:
A. Flat top chord.
B. Side chord.
C. Bottom chord.
D. Web member.
B. Side chord.
Loads that are applied slowly and remain nearly constant are called:
A. Dead loads.
B. Static loads.
C. Live loads.
D. Concentrated loads.
B. Static loads.
Structural concrete usually weighs about _____ pounds per cubic foot.
A. 62.5.
B. 75.
C. 100.
D. 150.
D. 150 pounds per cubic foot.
A(n) _____ load is applied to the center of the cross-section of a structural member and perpendicular to the cross-section.
A. Eccentric.
B. Axial.
C. Torsional.
D. Compression.
B. Axial.
A(n) _____ is a load applied to the center of the cross-section of a structural member and perpendicular to that cross-section. A _____, which can be either tensile or compressive, creates uniform stresses across the cross-section of the material.
A. Axial load.
B. Eccentric load.
C. Torsional load.
D. Equilibrium.
A. Axial load.
A(n) _____ is a load that is perpendicular to the cross-section of the structural member but does not pass through the center of the cross-section. A(n) _____ creates stresses that vary across the cross-section and may be both tensile and compressive.
A. Axial load.
B. Eccentric load.
C. Torsional load.
D. Equilibrium.
B. Eccentric load.
A(n) _____ is offset from the center of the cross-section of the structural member and at an angle to or in the same plane as the cross-section. A(n) _____ produces a twisting effect that creates shear stresses in a material.
A. Axial load.
B. Eccentric load.
C. Torsional load.
D. Equilibrium.
C. Torsional load.
Both the individual structural members and the building as a whole must resist all the various applied loads. When the support provided by a structural system is equal to the applied loads, a condition known as _____ exists. A building collapses - or partially collapses - when the applied loads exceed the ability of the structural system to support them. The collapse represents a loss of _____ . In a sense, when the building becomes a pile of debris on the ground, _____ is reestablished.
A. Axial load.
B. Eccentric load.
C. Torsional load.
D. Equilibrium.
D. Equilibrium.
_____ can also be classified as axial, eccentric, or torsional according to the manner in which they are applied. These different loads create different stresses within the material.
A. Exterior loads.
B. Interior forces.
C. Kinetic energy.
D. Seismic forces.
A. Exterior loads.
Exterior loads can create different kinds of _____ in materials. The _____ - tension, compression, or sheer - are classified according to the direction in which they occur in the material.
A. Exterior loads.
B. Interior forces.
C. Kinetic energy.
D. Seismic forces.
B. Interior forces.
The interior forces are classified according to the direction in which they occur in the material. _____ tends to pull the material apart.
A. Tension.
B. Compression.
C. Shear.
D. Stress.
A. Tension.
The interior forces are classified according to the direction in which they occur in the material. _____ tends to squeeze the material.
A. Tension.
B. Compression.
C. Shear.
D. Stress.
B. Compression.
The interior forces are classified according to the direction in which they occur in the material. _____ tends to slide one plane of a material past an adjacent plane.
A. Tension.
B. Compression.
C. Shear.
D. Stress.
C. Shear.
The magnitude of the interior forces that occur in structural members is evaluated by a quantity known as _____ . It is a measurement of force intensity and is expressed as force units divided by the area over which the force is applied [force/area (pounds per square inch or Newtons per square meter)].
A. Tension.
B. Compression.
C. Shear.
D. Stress.
D. Stress.
Effects of erosion in _____ are probably more visible to the layman than in other types of building materials.
A. Steel.
B. Brick.
C. Wood.
D. Concrete.
D. Concrete.
A force that tends to pull material apart is called:
A. Compression.
B. Tension.
C. Shear.
D. Suppression.
B. Tension.
Concrete block has several classifications, including loadbearing and nonload bearing, hollow and solid. The best fire resistance is obtained from concrete blocks made with:
A. Pumice.
B. Crushed stone.
C. Gravel.
D. Cinders.
A. Pumice.
A well insulated building will tend to:
A. Accelerate the rate of fire growth and increase the time to flashover.
B. Decrease the rate of fire growth and decrease the time to flashover.
C. Accelerate the rate of fire growth and decrease the time to flashover.
D. Decrease the rate of fire growth and increase the time to flashover.
C. Accelerate the rate of fire growth and decrease the time to flashover.
Roof materials are classified as Class A, Class B, and Class C. Class A possesses the best fire retardant properties, Class C the least. For example, asphalt-asbestos felt-assembled sheets of _____ thickness have a Class A rating.
A. One ply.
B. Two ply.
C. Three ply.
D. Four ply.
D. Four ply.
_____ can provide adequate ceiling height over the entire floor area. However, they are subject to bending and shearing stresses. _____ are sometimes called arches and do share some features with arches.
A. Rigid frames.
B. Domes.
C. Trusses.
D. Joists.
A. Rigid frames.
Basically there are two types of elevators installed in modern buildings: electric traction and the electro-hydraulic. The elevator car in a traction elevator is suspended by _____ steel cables.
A. 1 or 2.
B. 2 or 3.
C. 3 to 6.
D. 4 to 6.
D. 4 to 6.
Elevator hoistway’s are constructed of noncombustible materials sufficient to provide a fire resistive rating of one or two hours depending on building construction. Modern enclosed hoistways accomplish which of the following?
A. Fail to restrict the spread of fire but restrict the spread of smoke.
B. Restrict the spread of fire and restrict the spread of smoke.
C. Fail to restrict the spread of fire or smoke.
D. Restrict the spread of fire but fail to restrict the spread of smoke.
D. Restrict the spread of fire but fail to restrict the spread of smoke.
And example of a low heat release occupancy:
A. Auto assembly plants.
B. Metal stamping plants.
C. Printing plants.
D. Chemical plants.
B. Metal stamping plants. (LOW HEAT RELEASE) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ A. Auto assembly plants. B. Metal stamping plants. (Low) C. Printing plants. D. Chemical plants. (High)
The term sash refers to the movable assembly that holds the glass elements inside the window frame. The sash is composed of… the exception is:
A. Horizontal rails.
B. Sills.
C. Vertical stiles.
D. Muntins.
B. Sills. (FALSE)
The type of window which has 50% of its area available for ventilation is:
A. Casement.
B. Jalousie.
C. Horizontal sliding.
D. Awning.
C. Horizontal sliding.
Also Double hung
The building materials and configuration will play a significant role in the progression of the fire to flashover.
- Those factors which tend to promote flashover include high ceilings.
- Those factors which tend to promote flashover include small rooms or compartments.
- Those factors which tend to promote flashover include well insulated walls or buildings.
A. 1 and 2 are correct.
B. 2 and 3 are correct.
C. 1 and 3 are correct.
D. All three are correct.
B. 2 and 3 are correct.
_____ are the easiest to design for:
A. Concentrated loads.
B. Dead loads.
C. Repeated loads.
D. Static loads.
B. Dead loads.
To the firefighter, a floor has at least three characteristics which must be taken into account during interior firefighting operations… the exception is:
A. The structural integrity of the floor under fire conditions.
B. It’s ability to block the vertical spread of fire.
C. It’s ability to block the horizontal spread of fire.
D. The ease with which it can be breached for purposes of drainage.
C. It’s ability to block the horizontal spread of fire. (FALSE)
Woodframe structures are of two general types. Balloon frame and platform frame. Which of the following statements is most correct regarding platform frame construction.
A. Greater shrinkage occurs in platform frame construction.
B. Exterior wall studs are continuous from the foundation to the roof and platform frame construction.
C. Vertical combustible spaces between the studs in platform frame construction provide a channel for the rapid communication of fire from floor to floor.
D. Platform frame construction is more difficult to erect.
A. Greater shrinkage occurs in platform frame construction. (TRUE)
From the outside it will be difficult for a firefighter to determine visually if a building has brick bearing walls or brick veneer walls. If you see a wall with all of the brick laid on their sides, with the sides exposed, this indicates:
A. A curtain wall.
B. A load bearing wall.
C. You cannot determine the type of wall.
D. A veneer wall.
A.
C. You cannot determine the type of wall.
Fire resistant partitions can be constructed from a wide variety of materials. Of the following materials used in fire resistive partitions, the one which is relatively easy to penetrate with forcible entry tools is:
A. Wire lath and plaster.
B. Brick wall.
C. Concrete block.
D. Gypsum wallboard.
D. Gypsum wallboard.
_____ construction increases the dimensional stability of the door, provides thermal insulation, and may add fire resistance. _____ doors ate commonly used as exterior and entrance doors.
A. Solid core.
B. Metal clad.
C. Hollow core.
D. Sheet metal.
A. Solid core.
_____ is applied to the center of the cross-section of a structural member and perpendicular to that cross-section.
A. Axial load.
B. Eccentric load.
C. Twisting load.
D. Torsional load.
A. Axial load.
In sprinklered buildings of combustible construction, sprinklers are required above the ceiling when the space exceeds:
A. 4 inches.
B. 6 inches.
C. 18 inches.
D. 36 inches.
B. 6 inches.
Fire escapes are a series of steel balconies and stairs mounted on an exterior wall to provide an emergency exit. The following statements are TRUE… the exception is:
A. Solid balcony floors and stair threads are preferred because it enhances the sense of security of people using the fire escape.
B. Wall openings near fire escapes should be protected against fire.
C. Wire glass window panes can offer sufficient protection to enable occupants to clear the fire escape before fire breaks through a window.
D. Firefighters should avoid gripping the beams when climbing the vertical ladder to the roof; they should grip the rungs instead.
D. Firefighters should avoid gripping the “beams” when climbing the vertical ladder to the roof; they should grip the “rungs” instead. (FALSE - opposite is true)
Doors vary in design, construction, and application. The primary purpose of a door is to control access into and out of an area of separation and to prevent the weather elements from entering into a building. _____ doors provide the greatest degree of security, weather resistant, and heat insulation.
A. Bifold.
B. Hinged.
C. Sliding.
D. Revolving.
B. Hinged.
Roofs are frequently described by their style or shape. A _____ is used in industrial buildings to facilitate ventilation and natural lighting. It consists of alternating inclined planes if different angles similar to the shape of saw teeth.
A. Monitor roof. B. Butterfly roof. C. Arched roof. D. Sawtooth roof. E. Gable roof. F. Hip roof. G. Gambrel roof. H. Flat roof. I. Shed roof. J. Mansard roof.
D. Sawtooth roof.
The simplest pitched roof is the _____ that slopes in only one direction.
A. Monitor roof. B. Butterfly roof. C. Arched roof. D. Sawtooth roof. E. Gable roof. F. Hip roof. G. Gambrel roof. H. Flat roof. I. Shed roof. J. Mansard roof.
I. Shed roof.
The _____ is a very common roof style that consists of two inclined surfaces that meet at their high side to form a “ridge”.
A. Monitor roof. B. Butterfly roof. C. Arched roof. D. Sawtooth roof. E. Gable roof. F. Hip roof. G. Gambrel roof. H. Flat roof. I. Shed roof. J. Mansard roof.
E. Gable roof.
The _____ slopes in four directions and has a degree of slope similar to the gable roof.
A. Monitor roof. B. Butterfly roof. C. Arched roof. D. Sawtooth roof. E. Gable roof. F. Hip roof. G. Gambrel roof. H. Flat roof. I. Shed roof. J. Mansard roof.
F. Hip roof.
_____(s) slope in two directions, but there will be a break in the slope on each side. _____(s) are functional because the space created by the roof can be used as an attic or living space.
A. Monitor roof. B. Butterfly roof. C. Arched roof. D. Sawtooth roof. E. Gable roof. F. Hip roof. G. Gambrel roof. H. Flat roof. I. Shed roof. J. Mansard roof.
G. Gambrel roof.
A _____ has the break in the slope of the roof on all four sides. A _____ can also be constructed with a flat deck, in which case it is sometimes known as a modern _____ or deck roof. The _____ style forms a projection beyond the building wall that creates a concealed space through which a fire can communicate. A false _____ style front is sometimes added to the front of a flat roof building as an architectural detail. Firefighters may be exposed to danger while working under these structures, which can collapse in large sections.
A. Monitor roof. B. Butterfly roof. C. Arched roof. D. Sawtooth roof. E. Gable roof. F. Hip roof. G. Gambrel roof. H. Flat roof. I. Shed roof. J. Mansard roof.
J. Mansard roof.
The _____ is a roof style that slopes in two directions - basically two shed roofs that meet at their low eaves.
A. Monitor roof. B. Butterfly roof. C. Arched roof. D. Sawtooth roof. E. Gable roof. F. Hip roof. G. Gambrel roof. H. Flat roof. I. Shed roof. J. Mansard roof.
B. Butterfly roof.
A _____ is designed to provide light and ventilation. _____(s) were once very commonly used on factory buildings. A raised central section of the roof extends several feet above the surrounding roof surface. The vertical sides of this _____ section, which are normally openable windows, are known as “clerestories”.
A. Monitor roof. B. Butterfly roof. C. Arched roof. D. Sawtooth roof. E. Gable roof. F. Hip roof. G. Gambrel roof. H. Flat roof. I. Shed roof. J. Mansard roof.
A. Monitor roof.
_____ (s) were also once commonly used on industrial buildings for light and ventilation. Ideally the glass vertical sections should face north because the northern light is more constant during the day and the glare of the sun can be avoided.
A. Monitor roof. B. Butterfly roof. C. Arched roof. D. Sawtooth roof. E. Gable roof. F. Hip roof. G. Gambrel roof. H. Flat roof. I. Shed roof. J. Mansard roof.
D. Sawtooth roof.
A/an _____ is applied to the center of the cross-section of a structural member and perpendicular to that cross-section.
A. Axial load.
B. Eccentric load.
C. Torsional load.
D. Offset load.
A. Axial load.
Concrete has good resistance to fire and heat. However, spalling of concrete can occur when is it exposed to extremely high temperatures. Effects of erosion in _____ are probably more visible to the layman than any other types of building materials.
A. Wood.
B. Stone.
C. Brick.
D. Concrete.
D. Concrete.
To the firefighter, a floor has at least three characteristics which must be taken into account during interior firefighting operations. All of the following are characteristics which must be taken into account… the exception is:
A. The flame spread rating of the floor under fire conditions.
B. The fire resistance rating of the floor under fire conditions.
C. It’s ability to block the vertical spread of fire.
D. The ease with which it can be breached for the purpose of drainage.
A. The flame spread rating of the floor under fire conditions. (FALSE)
When a wall is used to provide structural support, it is termed “load bearing”. Masonry buildings, either ordinary or mill, utilize load-bearing walls as the primary structural support. The interior walls may or may not be loadbearing. When the structural frame is used for the primary support, the exterior walls provide only the buildings enclosure and are termed curtain or panel walls. The following statement is TRUE regarding exterior walls.
A. Masonry wall of various type provide a fire resistance of 1/2 to 1 1/2 hours.
B. Total collapse of a masonry building is possible if it becomes heavily involved in fire.
C. Collapse of masonry walls is possible during a fire, they are typically the first structural component to fail in a wood-joisted masonry building.
D. If a masonry wall is otherwise structurally sound, that is, it has not been underminded or weekend, collapse during a fire will usually occur as a result of forces exerted against the wall by collapsing exterior components.
B. Total collapse of a masonry building is possible if it becomes heavily involved in fire.
(TRUE as written in p.249 - original practice exam read - “B. Collapse of a masonry wall that is otherwise structurally sound will usually take place only as a result of heavy fire involvement.” - I didn’t agree with the wording used.
—————————————–
A. Masonry wall of various type provide a fire resistance of “1/2 to 1 1/2 hours”. (FALSE - 2 to 4 hours or more)
C. Collapse of masonry walls is possible during a fire, they are typically the “first” structural component to fail in a wood-joisted masonry building. (FALSE - last)
D. If a masonry wall is otherwise structurally sound, that is, it has not been underminded or weekend, collapse during a fire will usually occur as a result of forces exerted against the wall by collapsing “exterior” components. (FALSE - interior)
Concrete block has several classifications, including load bearing and non-loadbearing. The following statements regarding concrete block are FALSE… the exception is:
A. A concrete block that has a cross-sectional area, 50% of which is solid material, is classified as solid block.
B. The best fire resistance is obtained from concrete block made with pumice.
C. The fire resistance of concrete blocks does not vary with the thickness of the block.
D. The fire resistance of concrete blocks does not vary with the aggregate used in the concrete.
B. The best fire resistance is obtained from concrete block made with pumice. (TRUE)
Stairways can be broadly classified as interior or exterior stairs. A scissor stair is described as:
A. Stairs whose stringers extend in a straight line from floor to floor.
B. The function is to provide access to another floor when a single tenant occupies more than one floor of a building.
C. Stairs that have an intermediate platform between floors and reverse direction at that point.
D. Two sets of stairs constructed in a common stair shaft.
A. Stairs whose stringers extend in a straight line from floor to floor. (Straight-Run stairs)
B. The function is to provide access to another floor when a single tenant occupies more than one floor of a building. (? Convenience stairs ?)
C. Stairs that have an intermediate platform between floors and reverse direction at that point. (Return stairs)
_____ extend in a straight line for their entire length. Landings may be found, breaking up the stairs’ vertical travel at intervals specified by codes.
A. Straight-run stairs. B. Return stairs. C. Scissor stairs. D. Circular stairs. E. Folding stairs. F. Spiral stairs.
A. Straight-run stairs.
_____ have an intermediate landing between floors and reverse direction at that point. _____ may have more than one landing where the height between floors is greater than normal. This type of stair design is common in modern construction.
A. Straight-run stairs. B. Return stairs. C. Scissor stairs. D. Circular stairs. E. Folding stairs. F. Spiral stairs.
B. Return stairs.
_____ are two separate sets of stairs constructed in a common shaft. They are less expensive to build than two separate stair enclosures and also use less floorspace.
A. Straight-run stairs. B. Return stairs. C. Scissor stairs. D. Circular stairs. E. Folding stairs. F. Spiral stairs.
C. Scissor stairs.
_____ are often found as grand stairs or convenience stairs serving only two levels. The minimum width of the run is usually 10 inches. A special requirement for _____ is that the small radius is not less than twice the width of the stairway.
A. Straight-run stairs. B. Return stairs. C. Scissor stairs. D. Circular stairs. E. Folding stairs. F. Spiral stairs.
D. Circular stairs.
_____ are typically found in dwellings where they are used to provide access to an attic space that does not have a permanent access stair.
A. Straight-run stairs. B. Return stairs. C. Scissor stairs. D. Circular stairs. E. Folding stairs. F. Spiral stairs.
E. Folding stairs.
This type of stair design allows stairs to be placed in a very small space. _____ consist of a series of steps spiraling around a single column. Each thread is tampered and connects to the column at the thread’s narrow end.
A. Straight-run stairs. B. Return stairs. C. Scissor stairs. D. Circular stairs. E. Folding stairs. F. Spiral stairs.
F. Spiral stairs.
_____ is the term used for the safe, continuous path of travel from any point in a structure to a public way; _____ is composed of three parts: the exit access, the exit, and the exit discharge.
A. Means of egress. B. Convenience stair. C. Protected stairs enclosure. D. Fire escape. E. Smoke proof enclosure.
A. Means of egress.
_____ is the term used for the stair that usually connects two floors in a multistory building.
A. Means of egress. B. Convenience stair. C. Protected stairs enclosure. D. Fire escape. E. Smoke proof enclosure.
B. Convenience stair.
_____ is the term used for stairs with code required fire rated enclosure construction. Intended to protect occupants as they make their way through the stair enclosure.
A. Means of egress. B. Convenience stair. C. Protected stairs enclosure. D. Fire escape. E. Smoke proof enclosure.
C. Protected stairs enclosure.
_____ - Means of escaping from a building in case of a fire; usually an interior or exterior stairway or slide independently supported and made of fire resistant materials.
A. Means of egress. B. Convenience stair. C. Protected stairs enclosure. D. Fire escape. E. Smoke proof enclosure.
D. Fire escape.
_____ - Traditional term for an exterior stair, frequently incorporating a movable section, usually of noncombustible construction that is intended as an emergency exit. It is usually supported by hangers installed in the exterior wall of the building.
A. Means of egress. B. Convenience stair. C. Protected stairs enclosure. D. Fire escape. E. Smoke proof enclosure.
D. Fire escape.
_____ is the term used for stairways that are designed to limit the penetration of smoke, heat, and toxic gases from a fire on a floor of a building into the stairway and that serve as part of a means of egress.
A. Means of egress. B. Convenience stair. C. Protected stairs enclosure. D. Fire escape. E. Smoke proof enclosure.
E. Smoke proof enclosure.
The term _____ applies to a single layer of brick or similar material that covers an opening in a wall. It is designed so the covering can easily be breached for access into a building.
A. Access panels.
B. Hatches.
C. Windowless windows.
D. Skylights.
C. Windowless windows.
(According to practice exam; p354 sts “Emergency access openings are typically required on a minimum of two sides of upper floors of these buildings.” No mention of “windowless windows”?)
Smoke and heat vents, sometimes referred to as fire vents, provide for the ventilation of modern buildings in case of fire. In example of a high heat release occupancy is:
A. Metal stamping plant.
B. Printing plants.
C. Chemical plants.
D. Automobile assembly plants.
C. Chemical plants. (HIGH HEAT RELEASE) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ A. Metal stamping plant. (Low) B. Printing plants. C. Chemical plants. (High) D. Automobile assembly plants.
A complete window unit consists of a frame, one or more sashes, and all necessary hardware to make a complete operating unit. All of the following are parts of the sash… the exception is:
A. Horizontal rails.
B. Vertical stiles.
C. Muntins.
D. Side jamb.
D. Side jamb.
Which type of window balance moves on an open vertical channel beside or outside the window frame?
A. Counterweight.
B. Coiled tape.
C. Spring.
D. Spiral spring.
A. Counterweight.
Different types of windows have different percentages of window area open for ventilation. Which of the following windows permits a maximum of 50% of its area available for ventilation?
A. Casement window.
B. Jalousie window.
C. Awning window.
D. Single hung window.
D. Single hung window. (50%) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ A. Casement window. (100%) B. Jalousie window. (nearly 100%) C. Awning window. (100%) D. Single hung window. (50%) E. Double hung (50 or 100% depending on the style - hinged or sliding only) F. Sliding windows. (50%) G. Fixed window (0%) H. Picture window (0%)
Different types of windows have different percentages of window area open for ventilation. Which of the following windows permits a maximum of 100% of this area available for ventilation?
A. Single hung window. B. Double hung window. C. Casement window. D. Fix window. E. Picture window. F. Sliding window.
C. Casement window. (100%) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Also: Awning window = 100% Jalousie or Louvered window = nearly 100% \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ A. Single hung window. (50%) B. Double hung window. (50%) C. Casement window. (100%) D. Fix window. (0%) E. Picture window. (0%) F. Sliding window. (50%)
The roof construction of most newer mobile homes uses the _____ for structural support.
A. Triangular Warren truss.
B. Shallow bowstring truss.
C. Inverted queen post truss.
D. K truss.
B. Shallow bowstring truss.
An unprotected, noncombustible building cannot be expected to provide structural stability under fire conditions. Firefighters should anticipate failure of unprotected steel from the heat of burning contents. The point at which unprotected members will fail, however, will depend on the following factors… the exception is:
A. Ceiling height of the building.
B. Interior finish.
C. Size/Dimensions of the unprotected steel members.
D. Intensity and duration of the exposing fire.
B. Interior finish. (FALSE)
A _____ load is a load which is perpendicular to the cross-section of the structural member but does not pass through the center of the cross-section.
A. Axial.
B. Torsional.
C. Eccentric.
D. Dynamic.
C. Eccentric.
The fire resistance of a masonry wall depends on the type of masonry units used and the thickness of the wall. When exposed to a fire, _____ may have little fire resistance and may spall and crumble.
A. Hollow concrete blocks.
B. Lightweight concrete blocks.
C. Fire rated masonry units.
D. Bricks.
A. Hollow concrete blocks.
A wood-frame building can be provided with an external facing of brick. Brick veneer construction provides the architectural style of brick at less cost than a full masonry wall. The brick veneer does:
A. Contain the fire.
B. Add to the insulating value of the wall.
C. Add to the stability of the wall.
D. Add to the fire load of the wall.
B. Add to the insulating value of the wall. (TRUE)
Pitched roofs have inclined surfaces. Pitched roofs are designed in a number of styles that are determined by climate, function, and aesthetic considerations. The _____ slopes in four directions and will have a degree of slope similar to the gable roof.
A. Gambrel roof.
B. Shed roof.
C. Hip roof.
D. Mansard roof.
C. Hip roof.
_____ are usually found on industrial buildings. The design maximizes natural light and ventilation. Ideally, the inclined faces of the individual sections should face north because the northern light is more consistent during the day, and the glare of the sun can be avoided.
A. Monitor roofs.
B. Butterfly roofs.
C. Gambrel roofs.
D. Sawtooth roofs.
D. Sawtooth roofs.
Roof coverings that pass the required test procedures are classified based on the severity of the fire that the material can withstand. _____ roof coverings are effective against severe fire exposure.
A. Class A.
B. Class B.
C. Class C.
D. Class D.
A. Class A. (Severe fire exposure) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ B. Class B. (Moderate fire exposure) C. Class C. (Light fire exposure) D. Class D. (No such class exists)
When _____ (s) function normally, it does not allow for movement of hose or equipment into the building. Furthermore, a crowd of people attempting to flee in an emergency cannot move through a _____ as quickly as they can through a comparable swinging door.
A. Folding doors.
B. Revolving doors.
C Sliding doors.
D. Vertical doors.
B. Revolving doors.
A movable window is designed in several common configurations. The movable sashes and double hung and single hung windows are held at the desirable position by balancing devices consisting of counterweights, springs, or a spring-loaded coiled tape. Which device can pose a hazard to firefighters if they fall from the windows of upper floors?
A. Counterweight.
B. Springs.
C Spring-loaded coiled tape.
D. Spiral springs.
A. Counterweight.
A window frame includes the members that form the perimeter of a window. The frame is composed of which of the following members?
A. Muntins.
B. Stiles.
C. Horizontal rails.
D. Side jamb.
D. Side jamb.
_____ are two separate sets of stairs constructed in a common shaft. They are less expensive to build than two separate stair enclosures and also use less floorspace.
A. Return stairs.
B. Circular stairs.
C. Scissor stairs.
D. Straight run stairs.
C. Scissor stairs.
Frequently in the analysis of fire protection, people use either the term fire load or fuel load. A distinction must be made between the structural loads discussed in this chapter and the term fire load. A fire load does not necessarily result in an equivalent structural load. For example, a toy store would have a _____ because most toys are combustible with combustible packaging.
A. Moderate structural load but a high fire load.
B. Light fire load but a large structural load.
C. Small structural load but a ordinary fire load.
D. Ordinary fire load but a large structural load.
A. Moderate structural load but a high fire load.
A fire load does not translate into an equivalent structural load. For example, a warehouse of Type IV (heavy-timber) construction containing iron radiators would have:
A. Moderate structural load but a high fire load.
B. Light fire load but a large structural load.
C. Small structural load but a ordinary fire load.
D. Ordinary fire load but a large structural load.
B. Light fire load but a large structural load.
_____ is the term used for the amount of fuel within a compartment expressed in pounds per square foot obtained by dividing the amount of fuel present by the floor area. _____ is used as a measure of the potential heat release of a fire within a compartment.
A. Structural load.
B. Fire or Fuel load.
C. Dynamic load.
D. Concentrated load.
B. Fire or Fuel load.
It is necessary to understand the nature of the loads that are to be evaluated. A load is defined as any effect which a structure must be designed to resist. Sources of loads such as gravity, wind, earthquakes, and soil pressure are exerted on buildings and can be classified in several ways. A _____ is usually applied to building contents, occupants, and the weight of snow or rain on a roof. Frequently, the actual weight and distribution of the contents of a building are not known exactly: therefore, building codes specify minimum _____ to be used in the design process.
A. Dead load.
B. Live load.
C. Static load.
D. Concentrated load.
B. Live load.
Glass is present in most buildings. Its obvious use is for windows, skylights, storefronts, and other applications where the transmission of light is desirable. As in the case with other building materials, several different types of glass are produced. _____ glass is used in windows that might be subjected to high wind forces and to exterior doors that people might walk into. _____ is produced by cooling the exterior surfaces with air while allowing the inner core to cool more slowly.
A. Heat-strengthened glass.
B. Annealed glass.
C. Tempered glass.
D. Laminated glass.
C. Tempered glass.
In a heavy timber design, the basic structural support is provided by a framework of beams and columns that are made of wooden timbers. In heavy timber design, the beams (except for roof beams) are not less than _____ .
A. 4x4. B. 6x6. C. 8x8. D. 6x10. E. 6x8.
D. 6x10. (Heavy timber beams) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ A. 4x4. (Post and Beam) B. 6x6. (Post and Beam) C. 8x8. (Heavy Timber columns) D. 6x10. (Heavy Timber beams) E. 6x8. (Heavy Timber roof beams)
In a heavy timber design, the basic structural support is provided by a framework of beams and columns that are made of wooden timbers. In heavy timber design, the roof beams are not less than _____ .
A. 4x4. B. 6x6. C. 8x8. D. 6x10. E. 6x8.
E. 6x8. (Heavy Timber roof beams) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ A. 4x4. (Post and Beam) B. 6x6. (Post and Beam) C. 8x8. (Heavy Timber columns) D. 6x10. (Heavy Timber beams) E. 6x8. (Heavy Timber roof beams)
In a heavy timber design, the basic structural support is provided by a framework of beams and columns that are made of wooden timbers. In heavy timber design, the columns are not less than _____ .
A. 4x4. B. 6x6. C. 8x8. D. 6x10. E. 6x8.
C. 8x8. (Heavy Timber columns) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ A. 4x4. (Post and Beam) B. 6x6. (Post and Beam) C. 8x8. (Heavy Timber columns) D. 6x10. (Heavy Timber beams) E. 6x8. (Heavy Timber roof beams)
Post and beam framing is a form of wood-frame construction in which the columns (termed the posts) and the beams are of dimensions less than those used in heavy-timber framing but greater than those used in light-frame construction. The posts are usually _____ or _____ inches.
A. 2x4 or 2x6
B. 4x4 or 6x6
C. 4x6 or 6x10
D. 8x8 or 6x10
B. 4x4 or 6x6 (Post and beam) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ A. 2x4 or 2x6 (Light wood frame studs) B. 4x4 or 6x6 (Post and beam) C. 4x6 or 6x10 (non existent) D. 8x8 or 6x10 (Heavy timber)
The most popular form of wood framing is known as light wood-frame construction. The walls are formed from vertical members known as “studs” that are _____ or _____ inches.
A. 2x4 or 2x6
B. 4x4 or 6x6
C. 4x6 or 6x10
D. 8x8 or 6x10
A. 2x4 or 2x6
The most popular form of wood framing is known as light wood-frame construction. Light wood-framing makes use of 2 inch nominal lumber such as 2x4s or 2x8s. Wall “studs” are spaced _____ inches on center.
A. 12 or 16.
B. 16 or 24.
C. 12, 16, or 24.
D. 12, 24, or 36.
C. 12, 16, or 24.
Wood has been used as a basic construction material for centuries and continues to be one of the fundamental structural materials. There are several basic construction types which use would. The type of framing which results in greater vertical movement at different points is:
A. Balloon framing.
B. Platform framing.
C. Post and beam framing.
D. Heavy timber framing.
B. Platform framing.
When a building is constructed using a structural frame for its main structural support, the exterior wall functions only to enclose the building and is known as a curtain wall. The following statements are FALSE regarding curtain walls… the exception is:
A. Curtain walls are limited to buildings with steel frames.
B. Some curtain wall assemblies, such as those made of aluminum and glass, have a rated level of fire resistance.
C. Curtain walls that are fire resistive frequently extend from the floor of one level to the ceiling.
D. Curtain walls must also be designed to control heat loss, noise transmission, and solar radiation.
D. Curtain walls must also be designed to control heat loss, noise transmission, and solar radiation. (TRUE)
________________________________
A. Curtain walls “are limited” to buildings with steel frames. (FALSE - are not limited)
B. Some curtain wall assemblies, such as those made of aluminum and glass, “have a” rated level of fire resistance. (FALSE - have no)
C. Curtain walls “that are fire resistive” frequently extend from the floor of one level to the ceiling. (FALSE - that are not fire resistive)
Roofs are obviously a fundamental part of a building, and firefighters have long recognized their significance in the fire behavior of buildings. A _____ has a break in the slope of the roof on all four sides. A _____ can also be constructed with a flat deck. The _____ forms a projection beyond the building wall that creates a concealed space through which a fire can communicate.
A. Gable roof.
B. Hip roof.
C. Gambrel roof.
D. Mansard roof.
D. Mansard roof.
Windows can be broadly classified into fixed, movable, or a combination of fixed and movable. A _____ has side-hinged sash that is usually installed to swing outward. It may contain one or two operating sashes and can be opened fully for ventilation.
A. Casement window.
B. Awning window.
C. Jalousie window.
D. Projecting window.
A. Casement window.
Typical use of the classification of materials is to restrict the materials in vertical exits and exit corridors to those with low flame spreads and to permit materials with a higher flame spread rating in other areas. Materials with a ____ rating are required in the vertical exits of most occupancies.
A. Class A.
B. Class B.
C. Class C.
D. Class D.
A. Class A.
Blind hoistways, whether single or multiple, are used for express elevators that serve only upper floors of tall buildings. There will be no entrances to the shaft on floors between the main entrance and the lowest floor served. In single-car hoistways, however, access doors are provided for rescue purposes. Generally, these are found every _____ floors.
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
B. 3.
If a building contains ____ or fewer elevators, the code permits them to be placed in one hoistway. When ____ or more elevators are provided, there must be a minimum of two separate hoistways. However, when more than one hoistway is provided, up to ____ elevators may be located in one hoistway. This requirement minimizes the possibility that all elevator services will be eliminated by fire.
A. 2, 3, 3
B. 3, 4, 4
C. 2, 3, 4
D. 3, 4, 3
B. 3, 4, 4 (p123)
A(n) _____ is the vertical shaft in which the elevator car travels and includes the elevator pit. _____ (s) are required to be constructed of fire resistant materials and are equipped with fire rated door assemblies. However, some _____(s) such as those located in and atrium, are not required to be enclosed.
A. Smokeproof enclosure.
B. Smokeproof tower.
C. Elevator hoistway.
D. Blind hoistway.
C. Elevator hoistway.
Elevator hoistway enclosures usually are required to be a fire-rated assembly with a ___or___ hour rating, depending on the particular situation.
A. 1/2 or 1 1/2 hour.
B. 1 or 2 hour.
C. 2 or 3 hour.
D. 2 or 4 hour.
B. 1 or 2 hour.
_____ (s) are used for express elevators that serve the upper elevator zones in tall buildings. There will be no entrances to the hoistway on floors between the main floor and the lowest floor served. If a single-car hoistway is used, however, access doors will be provided for rescue purposes. Generally, these are placed every three floors.
A. Smokeproof enclosure.
B. Smokeproof tower.
C. Elevator hoistway.
D. Blind hoistway.
D. Blind hoistway.
In very tall buildings, elevators are divided into zones, with one zone serving the lower floors and another zone serving the upper floors. A zone usually serves ___to___ floors. The upper zone cars operate express from the first floor to the lowest floor of the upper zone. In some buildings, there may be more than two zones.
A. 10 to 15.
B. 10 to 20.
C. 15 to 20.
D. 20 to 30.
C. 15 to 20.
The term underground usually describes below grade installations that are deeper than ordinary basements. Underground facilities pose very difficult problems for firefighters; specific emergency difficulties include all of the following: but which specific difficulty is probably the greatest single challenge in controlling fires in underground buildings?
A. Access to the structure.
B. Rescue and evacuation of occupants.
C. Ventilation of heat and smoke.
D. Water supply and drainage of water from flooding or firefighting operations.
C. Ventilation of heat and smoke.
On large, long duration construction projects, some level of temporary fire protection must be provided. The installation of fire protection is especially critical on high-rise projects, but it is also appropriate for expansive low-rise projects such as shopping centers. The following statements are TRUE regarding temporary fire protection… the exception is:
A. Temporary fire protection most commonly takes the form of standpipes and outlets.
B. A separate temporary system can be installed, but this has the disadvantage of increasing construction costs.
C. When standpipes are installed in high-rise projects, they can be maintained wet during cold weather.
D. Workers have a tendency to try to use standpipes as a source of water for construction purposes.
C. When standpipes are installed in high-rise projects, they “can be” maintained wet during cold weather. (FALSE - cannot be)
It is especially important on high-rise buildings, and low-rise buildings more than three stories, that the temporary fire protection standpipe risers be extended up as construction progresses. Building and fire codes typically require that standpipes be extended before the construction reaches _____ feet above the lowest level of fire department access. The top hose outlet should be within one story of the uppermost level having a secure floor. On some projects, this may require that two standpipe risers be available so that one can be maintained in service while the contractor extends the other (this way construction won’t have be delayed).
A. 10 feet.
B. 20 feet.
C. 30 feet.
D. 40 feet.
D. 40 feet.
Building codes usually permit the limited use of combustible materials in fire-resistive construction. Combustible materials typically are permitted for uses such as:
A. Roof coverings.
B. Columns.
C. Beams.
D. Bearing walls.
A. Roof coverings.
As a practical matter, building codes usually permit a limited use of combustible materials in Type I construction. A code may also allow the use of fire retardant-treated wood in roofs or interior partitions. Combustible materials typically are permitted for such uses as the following… the exception is:
A. Roof coverings. B. Interior floor finishes. C. Interior wall finishes and trims. D. Doors and door frames. E. Window sashes and frames. F. Platforms. G. Roof decks. H. Nailing and furring strips. I. Light transmitting plastics. J. Foam plastics subject to restrictions.
G. Roof decks. (FALSE)
Although fire-resistive construction is desirable or even essential, it does not provide total fire protection. There are two common methods of constructing Type I fire-resistive buildings. Which of the following materials used in the construction of Type I fire-resistive buildings has no fire resistance?
A. Unprotected steel.
B. Protected steel.
C. Concrete.
D. Reinforced concrete.
A. Unprotected steel.
The two most common methods of constructing Type 1 buildings are by using _____ or a _____ frame.
A. Cast-in-place concrete or a Steel frame.
B. Precast concrete or a Unprotected steel frame.
C. Reinforced concrete or a Protected steel frame.
D. Ordinary concrete or Protected steel frame.
C. Reinforced concrete or a Protected steel frame.
Larger structural systems can be constructed from several basic structural components. The component described as “Framed structural units made of a group of triangles in one plane” is known as:
A. Arch.
B. Truss.
C. Space frame.
D. Cable.
B. Truss.
Solid lumber includes boards, dimension lumber, and timbers. Boards have a nominal thickness of ____ .
A. 2 inches.
B. 4 inches.
C. 6 inches.
D. 8 inches.
A. 2 inches. (or less)
Solid lumber includes boards, dimension lumber, and timbers. Dimension lumber has a nominal thickness of ___ to ___ inches.
A. 2 to 4 inches.
B. 4 to 6 inches.
C. 4 to 8 inches.
D. 8 to 10 inches.
A. 2 to 4 inches.
Solid lumber includes boards, dimension lumber, and timbers. Timbers have a nominal thickness of ____ inches or more.
A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 6.
D. 8.
B. 5 inches. (or more)
Over the period of the last four decades, gypsum board has become a widely used interior finish material. Several types of gypsum board are produced for different purposes. _____ is used to eliminate the vapor barrier in outside walls.
A. Water-resistant gypsum board.
B. Type-X gypsum board.
C. Foil-backed gypsum board.
D. Coreboard.
C. Foil-backed gypsum board.
In some occupancies such as schools and correctional facilities, an _____ maybe used. This product is produced with a fiberglass mesh to resist impacts. _____ is indistinguishable from ordinary gypsum board, but will prove more difficult to penetrate with hand tools.
A. Gypsum board. B. Impact-resistant gypsum board. C. Type-X gypsum board. D. Plaster. E. Precast or Poured gypsum.
B. Impact-resistant gypsum board.
Roof decks can be constructed from multiple materials. _____ has the advantage of being “nailable”, which means it is possible to nail into the material.
A. Gypsum board. B. Impact-resistant gypsum board. C. Type-X gypsum board. D. Plaster. E. Precast or Poured gypsum.
E. Precast or Poured gypsum.
_____ is a widely used interior finish material. Consists of a core of calcined gypsum, starch, water and other additives that are sandwiched between two paper faces.
A. Gypsum board. B. Impact-resistant gypsum board. C. Type-X gypsum board. D. Plaster. E. Precast or Poured gypsum.
A. Gypsum board. (aka: Regular gypsum board; Gypsum wallboard; Plasterboard; and Drywall)
_____ can be used as an insulating material either in the form of flat boards or a plaster. _____ can be used to protect both columns and beams, providing fire resistance ratings from 1 to 4 hours. _____ boards is used in multiple layers to attain higher fire resistance ratings.
A. Gypsum board. B. Impact-resistant gypsum board. C. Type-X gypsum board. D. Plaster. E. Gypsum.
E. Gypsum.
Where a degree of fire resistance is required, the interior finish materials most commonly used are gypsum board or _____ . _____ is not often used in modern construction because it is relatively labor-intensive.
A. Gypsum board. B. Impact-resistant gypsum board. C. Type-X gypsum board. D. Plaster. E. Precast or Poured gypsum.
D. Plaster. (aka Plaster and lathe)
_____ contains additives to increase its fire resistance and is usually required where a specified fire resistance is desired.
A. Gypsum board. B. Impact-resistant gypsum board. C. Type-X gypsum board. D. Plaster. E. Precast or Poured gypsum.
C. Type-X gypsum board.
Gypsum consists of approximately ____% entrapped water. This water content enhances gypsum’s performance as a fire-insulating material. The water turns to steam upon exposure to fire and, in doing so, absorbs the heat. This process is known as “calcination”.
A. 11%.
B. 16%
C. 18%
D. 21%
D. 21%
Thermosetting and thermoplastic are the two major types of plastics. The large variety of plastics available permits their use in many different applications. In building construction, plastics are used for such components as… the exception is:
A. Siding.
B. Floor covering.
C. Insulation.
D. Corridor partitions.
D. Corridor partitions. (FALSE)
Foundations are divided into two types: shallow and deep. An example of a deep foundation is:
A. A square pad of concrete.
B. Thick slab beneath the entire area of the building.
C. Piles or piers.
D. The volume of earth excavated will approximately equal the weight of the building supported.
C. Piles or piers. (Deep foundation)
________________________________
A. A square pad of concrete. (Column footing - shallow)
B. Thick slab beneath the entire area of the building. (Mat foundation - shallow)
C. Piles or piers. (Deep)
D. The volume of earth excavated will approximately equal the weight of the building supported. (Floating foundation - shallow)
Foundations are divided into two types: shallow and deep. A _____ foundation transfers the weight of the building to the soil at the base of the building. A _____ foundation can be used where the load-bearing ability of the soil directly under the building is adequate to support the building.
A. Shallow.
B. Deep.
C. Mat.
D. Floating.
A. Shallow.
Foundations are divided into two types: shallow and deep. _____ foundations penetrate the layers of soil directly under a building to reach soil at a greater depth that can support the weight of the building.
A. Shallow.
B. Deep.
C. Mat.
D. Floating.
B. Deep.
_____ (s) are the slabs beneath the entire area of buildings. A _____ differs from a simple floor slab in its thickness and amount of reinforcement.
A. Shallow foundation.
B. Deep foundation.
C. Mat foundation.
D. Floating foundation.
C. Mat foundation.
Foundation for which the volume of earth excavated will approximately equal the weight of the building supported. Thus, the total weight supported by the soil beneath the foundation remains about the same. A _____ is designed to minimize settlement.
A. Shallow foundation.
B. Deep foundation.
C. Mat foundation.
D. Floating foundation.
D. Floating foundation.
Shallow foundations usually make use of _____ to transmit the load to the soil. A ____ is a widened base at the bottom of a column or foundation wall. It is the part of the building that rests on the bearing soil and is wider than the foundation wall.
A. Footing.
B. Wall footing.
C. Column footing.
D. Grillage footing.
A. Footing.
A _____ is a continuous strip of concrete that supports a wall. _____ can take several forms, such as: Increased thickness of a floor slab at its edges (known as a monolithic floor) ; A widened strip of concrete under a wall that supports a raised floor with a crawlspace ; A widened strip of concrete under full story-high walls that create a full or partial basement.
A. Footing.
B. Wall footing.
C. Column footing.
D. Grillage footing.
B. Wall footing.
A _____ is a square pad of concrete that supports a call.
A. Footing.
B. Wall footing.
C. Column footing.
D. Grillage footing.
C. Column footing.
When a column is supporting a large load, the footing may be designed as a _____ . A _____ consists of layers of beams placed at right angles to each other and are usually encased in concrete. The beams that make up the _____ distribute the load of the column over the area of the footing.
A. Footing.
B. Wall footing.
C. Column footing.
D. Grillage footing.
D. Grillage footing.
Deep foundations are more costly than shallow foundations, so are used only where shallow foundations cannot be used. The foundations take the form of either piles or piers.
_____ are used to support loads, they are driven into the ground and develop their load-carrying ability either through fiction with the surrounding soil or by being driven into contact with rock or a load-bearing soil layer.
A. Piles. B. Piers. C. Belled. D. Caisson. E. Tie beam.
A. Piles.
Deep foundations are more costly than shallow foundations, so are used only where shallow foundations cannot be used. The foundations take the form of either piles or piers.
_____ are load-supporting members constructed by drilling or digging a shaft, and then filling the shaft with concrete.
A. Piles. B. Piers. C. Belled. D. Caisson. E. Tie beam.
B. Piers.
When a pier is designed with a footing, it is known as a _____ pier.
A. Piles. B. Piers. C. Belled. D. Caisson. E. Tie beam.
C. Belled.
Piers are sometimes referred to as _____ . More accurately, the _____ is the protective sleeve used to keep water out of the excavation for the pier.
A. Piles. B. Piers. C. Belled. D. Caisson. E. Tie beam.
D. Caisson.
On a steep slope, piles or piers are driven to act as vertical cantilevers to resist the lateral force of the building. The vertical elements are connected with a _____ .
A. Piles. B. Piers. C. Belled. D. Caisson. E. Tie beam.
E. Tie beam.
Precast concrete can be produced as slabs, beams, columns, and wall panels. Slabs can be cast in standard shapes that include solid slabs, hollow-core slabs, single tee slabs, and double Tee slabs. Tee slabs can be used for spans up to:
A. 60 feet.
B. 90 feet.
C. 120 feet.
D. 150 feet.
C. 120 feet.
Precast concrete can be produced as slabs, beams, columns, and wall panels. Slabs can be cast in standard shapes that include solid slabs, hollow-core slabs, single tee slabs, and double Tee slabs. Solid slabs are used for short spans up to approximately:
A. 30 feet.
B. 60 feet.
C. 120 feet.
D. 160 feet.
A. 30 feet.
When a masonry wall is constructed, the masonry units are laid side-by-side in a horizontal layer known as a course, and in a vertical layer known as a wythe. When bricks are used to construct a masonry wall, the bricks can be placed in various positions either for reasons of appearance or for strength. A stretcher course is created when:
A. Bricks are placed end-to-end vertically.
B. Bricks are placed vertically on end.
C. Bricks are placed end-to-end horizontally.
D. Bricks are placed horizontally on end.
C. Bricks are placed end-to-end horizontally. (Stretcher course)
When a masonry wall is constructed, the masonry units are laid side-by-side in a horizontal layer known as a course, and in a vertical layer known as a wythe. When bricks are used to construct a masonry wall, the bricks can be placed in various positions either for reasons of appearance or for strength. A soldier course is created when:
A. Bricks are placed end-to-end vertically.
B. Bricks are placed vertically on end.
C. Bricks are placed end-to-end horizontally.
D. Bricks are placed horizontally on end.
B. Bricks are placed vertically on end. (Soldier course)
When masonry units are laid side-by-side in a horizontal layer it is known as a _____ . A _____ is a horizontal layer of individual masonry units.
A. Course. B. Wythe. C. Stretcher course. D. Soldier course. E. Header course.
A. Course.
The horizontal courses of brick are laid on top of each other in a vertical layer known as a _____ .
A _____ is a single vertical row of multiple rows of masonry units in a wall, usually brick.
A. Course. B. Wythe. C. Stretcher course. D. Soldier course. E. Header course.
B. Wythe.
When bricks are used to construct a masonry wall, the bricks can be placed in various positions for appearance or strength. When bricks are placed end-to-end, they create a _____ .
A. Course. B. Wythe. C. Stretcher course. D. Soldier course. E. Header course.
C. Stretcher course.
When bricks are used to construct a masonry wall, the bricks can be placed in various positions for appearance or strength. If bricks are placed vertically on end, a _____ is created.
A. Course. B. Wythe. C. Stretcher course. D. Soldier course. E. Header course.
D. Soldier course.
Parallel wythes of brick can be bonded using a _____ every sixth course. A _____ has the ends of the bricks facing outward.
A. Course. B. Wythe. C. Stretcher course. D. Soldier course. E. Header course.
E. Header course.
One means of providing a horizontal bond between the wythes is to place a course of bricks across two wythes with the ends of the bricks facing out. A course of bricks laid in this manner is known as a _____ . The existence of _____ (s) in a wall is one way to identify the method of construction of a masonry wall.
A. Course. B. Wythe. C. Stretcher course. D. Soldier course. E. Header course.
E. Header course.
Nonreinforced masonry walls are usually limited to a maximum height of around _____ stories. These types of walls are more commonly found in structures built during the early part of the 20th century. In contemporary practice, when a building is to be more than 3 or 4 stories tall, the use of a steel or concrete structural frame is usually more economical than a erecting a nonreinforced masonry bearing wall. However, exterior masonry veneer walls may be used in combination with a steel frame multistory design and will give the appearance of a masonry bearing wall.
A. 5.
B. 6.
C. 7.
D. 8.
B. 6 stories.
If a masonry wall is reinforced with steel, the required thickness can be reduced. By using reinforced masonry, it is possible to construct load-bearing masonry walls to a height of _____ stories or more having a wall thickness of only 12 inches.
A. 6.
B. 8.
C. 10.
D. 12.
C. 10 stories.
Openings must be provided in masonry walls for purposes such as doors and windows. Adequately supporting the weight of the masonry unit over these openings poses a problem because the mortar joints between individual bricks or blocks provide little tensile support. Support of the masonry over an opening is accomplished by… the exception is:
A. Lintels.
B. Arches.
C. Corbelling.
D. Buttress.
D. Buttress. (FALSE)
Lintels and, to a lesser extent _____, are the most common methods of supporting loads over openings in masonry walls. The corbelling is used only where the architectural style makes it attractive.
A. Arches.
B. Corbelling.
C. Parrapets.
D. Coping.
A. Arches.
A very common design of steel supported floors uses a floor of lightweight concrete having a minimum thickness of 2 inches supported by corrugated steel decking. The corrugated steel is in turn supported by open web joists. The steel joists can be supported by steel beams or directly supported on a masonry wall. The open web steel joists are produced in three categories: standard, long span, and deep long span. The standard category members have depths of 8 to 30 inches and can be used for spans up to _____ .
A. 50 feet.
B. 60 feet.
C. 70 feet.
D. 80 feet.
B. 60 feet.
The roof covering provides the water resistant barrier for the roof system. In addition to the roof decking, a flat roof usually consist of several component layers. The layer that protects the roof from mechanical abrasion is known as the:
A. Vapor barrier.
B. Membrane.
C. Drainage layer.
D. Wear course.
D. Wear course.
A revolving door is constructed with three or four sections or wings that rotate in a circular frame. Building codes require a collapsible mechanism that allows the wings to open to a “book-fold” position when the wings are pushed in opposite directions. The codes also require that _____ be provided adjacent to revolving doors.
A. Folding doors.
B. Vertical doors.
C. Swinging doors.
D. Sliding doors.
C. Swinging doors.
Note that in the international community the term _____ is used instead of interior finish. This term may ultimately replace interior finish in North America.
A. Interior covering.
B. Interior lining.
C. Flame spread finish.
D. Flame rate finish.
B. Interior lining.
The design and construction process is a serious and expensive business. Many people are involved and many decisions must be made. The erection of buildings involves several branches of engineering and all of the building trades. Foundation design falls within which of the engineering branches?
A. Civil engineering.
B. Fire protection engineering.
C. Mechanical engineering.
D. Structural engineering.
D. Structural engineering.
The forces on a building resulting from gravity, which were described earlier, are classified into two types, dead loads and live loads. The following are examples of live loads… the exception is:
A. Snow or rain on the roof.
B. Slabs or decks.
C. Occupants.
D. Building contents.
B. Slabs or decks. (Dead load)
As in the case with other building materials, several different types of glass are produced. _____ consists of two layers of glass with a transparent layer of vinyl bonded into the center. When the glass breaks, the inner core of vinyl holds the broken pieces of glass in place. This type of glass is also a good barrier to sound.
A. Annealed.
B. Tempered.
C. Laminated.
D. Heat-strengthened.
C. Laminated.
The forces on a building resulting from gravity, which were described earlier, are classified into two types, dead loads and live loads. The following are examples of dead loads… the exception is:
A. Roofs. B. Floor slabs or decks. C. Interior walls. D. Stair systems. E. Building contents. F. Exterior walls. G. Columns. H. Elevator hoists. I. Pumps.
E. Building contents. (Live load)
After erection, buildings will move either because of various unforeseen factors or because of construction defects. These movements may range from minor (and may only be cosmetically identifiable) to structurally significant. Movement which is upward in nature is referred to as:
A. Uniform settlement. B. Heaving. C. Lateral displacement. D. Differential settlement. E. Settlement.
B. Heaving.
After erection, buildings will move either because of various unforeseen factors or because of construction defects. These movements may range from minor (and may only be cosmetically identifiable) to structurally significant. Movement may be downward as in the case of:
A. Uniform settlement. B. Heaving. C. Lateral displacement. D. Differential settlement. E. Settlement.
E. Settlement. (two types: Uniform & Differential)
After erection, buildings will move either because of various unforeseen factors or because of construction defects. These movements may range from minor (and may only be cosmetically identifiable) to structurally significant. Movement may be outward as in the case of:
A. Uniform settlement. B. Heaving. C. Lateral displacement. D. Differential settlement. E. Settlement.
C. Lateral displacement.
After erection, buildings will move either because of various unforeseen factors or because of construction defects. These movements may range from minor (and may only be cosmetically identifiable) to structurally significant. In _____ , parts of a foundation settle at the same rate and misalignment between structural members is minor.
A. Uniform settlement. B. Heaving. C. Lateral displacement. D. Differential settlement. E. Settlement.
A. Uniform settlement.
After erection, buildings will move either because of various unforeseen factors or because of construction defects. These movements may range from minor (and may only be cosmetically identifiable) to structurally significant. _____ takes place when different parts of the foundation settle by different amounts. This is more troublesome because it can result in significant misalignment of structural members.
A. Uniform settlement. B. Heaving. C. Lateral displacement. D. Differential settlement. E. Settlement.
D. Differential settlement.
The most popular form of wood framing is known as light wood-frame construction. Light wood framing makes use of 2 inch nominal lumber such as 2x4’s or 2x8’s. The following statements are TRUE regarding light wood framing… the exception is:
A. In balloon frame construction, the exterior wall studs are continuous from the foundation to the roof.
B. Greater shrinkage occurs in a platform frame than in a balloon frame.
C. Greater vertical movement occurs in a platform frame than in a balloon frame.
D. A fire in a balloon frame building is generally easier to control than a fire in a platform frame building.
D. A fire in a balloon frame building is generally easier to control than a fire in a platform frame building. (FALSE)
There are three methods by which steel structural members can be used to support floors. These include open web joists, steel beams, and light gauge steel joists.
The open web steel joists are produced in three categories: standard, long span, and deep long span. The standard category members have depths of 8 to 30 inches and can be used for spans up to _____ .
A. 40 feet.
B. 60 feet.
C. 70 feet.
D. 80 feet.
B. 60 feet.
Several types of walls that are of interest to firefighters may be encountered in buildings. _____ are used to enclose vertical openings, such as stairwells, elevator shafts, and pipe chases, that extend from floor to floor in a building. The purpose of _____ is to block the vertical spread of fire through a building and, in the case of a stairwell, to protect a means of egress.
A. Enclosure walls. B. Party walls. C. Fire partitions. D. Curtain walls. E. Fire walls.
A. Enclosure walls.
Several types of walls that are of interest to firefighters may be encountered in buildings. _____ are interior walls used to subdivide a floor or area of a building that do not qualify as fire walls. _____ may not extend continuously through a building; They are usually erected from a floor to the underside of the floor above. They are typically not required to have as much fire resistance as a fire wall.
A. Enclosure walls. B. Party walls. C. Fire partitions. D. Curtain walls. E. Fire walls.
C. Fire partitions.
Several types of walls that are of interest to firefighters may be encountered in buildings. _____ are fire-rated walls with a specific degree of fire resistance, built of fire-resistant materials and usually extending from the foundation up to and through the roof of a building, that is designed to limit the spread of a fire within a structure or between adjacent structures.
A. Enclosure walls. B. Party walls. C. Fire partitions. D. Curtain walls. E. Fire walls.
E. Fire walls.
Several types of walls that are of interest to firefighters may be encountered in buildings. _____ are nonbearing exterior walls attached to the outside of a building with a rigid steel frame. Usually the front exterior wall of a building intended to provide a certain appearance.
A. Enclosure walls. B. Party walls. C. Fire partitions. D. Curtain walls. E. Fire walls.
D. Curtain walls.
Pitched roofs have inclined surfaces. Pitched roofs are designed in a number of styles that are determined by climates, function, and aesthetic considerations. The _____ slope in two directions, but there will be a break in the slope on each side. _____ are popular for residential construction because the space created under the roof can be used as an attic or living space.
A. Gambrel roofs.
B. Mansard roofs.
C. Butterfly roofs.
D. Sawtooth roofs.
A. Gambrel roofs.
A movable window is designed in several common configurations. A _____ window swings outward at the top or bottom and slides upward or downward in grooves. The _____ window usually is operated by a push bar that is notched to hold the window in place.
A. Awning.
B. Jalousie.
C. Projecting.
D. Pivoting.
C. Projecting.
Building codes make use of the flame-spread ratings of materials to establish some control over interior finishes. Typical use of the classifications of materials is to restrict the materials in vertical exits and exit corridors to those with low-flame spreads and to permit materials with a higher flame-spread in other areas. Therefore, materials with a _____ rating are required in the vertical exits of most occupancies.
A. Class D.
B. Class C.
C. Class B.
D. Class A.
D. Class A.
Installations with more than one elevator in a common shaft are known as multiple hoistways. A large building may contain more than one multiple hoistway, but each hoistway is limited by codes to no more than _____ elevators. The elevator cars within a given hoistway usually are not separated by any sort of wall or partition.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
D. 4
An explosion can be defined as an event that produces a rapid release of high-pressure gas. What distinguishes an explosion from other occurrences, such as ordinary combustion, is the speed with which the process occurs. The damage and explosion may inflict on a structure depends on the maximum pressure developed, the rate of pressure rise, the duration of the peak pressure, and the strength of the confining or restrict instructor. The following statement is TRUE regarding the deflagrations.
A. Deflagrations are explosions in which the combustion proceeds through the medium at a speed greater than the speed of sound.
B. Deflagrations impart a much greater impact on structural members than detonations and caused greater damage.
C. Explosion venting is designed to quickly relieve the pressure produced by a deflagration before it causes excessive damage.
D. It usually is not practical to attempt to design buildings to limit the amount of damage that can be caused by a deflagration because of the speed with which they occur.
C. Explosion venting is designed to quickly relieve the pressure produced by a deflagration before it causes excessive damage. (TRUE)
________________________________
A. “Deflagrations” are explosions in which the combustion proceeds through the medium at a speed greater than the speed of sound. (FALSE - detonation)
B. “Deflagrations” impart a much greater impact on structural members than “detonations” and caused greater damage. (FALSE - opposite)
D. It usually is not practical to attempt to design buildings to limit the amount of damage that can be caused by a deflagration because of the speed with which they occur. (FALSE)
Experienced firefighters understand the fundamental need to ventilate the products of combustion to the outside by the shortest and fastest means. In addressing the problem of smoke movement in buildings, two terms are encountered - smoke management and smoke control. Which of the following is an example of smoke control?
A. Smoke vents.
B. Mechanical fans.
C. Smoke shafts.
D. Compartmentation.
B. Mechanical fans. (Smoke control)
_____ means the use of mechanical equipment to produce pressure differences across smoke barriers to inhibit, limit, or direct smoke movement.
A. Smoke management.
B. Smoke control.
C. Smoke filtration.
D. Smoke pressurization.
B. Smoke control.
In 1990, the American with Disabilities Act (ADA) was signed into law. Title III of the act requires that public facilities be accessible to persons with disabilities. To provide accessibility for disabled individuals, the Act requires the removal of architectural barriers. Drinking fountains must be designed so that the spout is no more than _____ above the floor so that it is accessible to a person and a wheelchair.
A. 24 inches.
B. 30 inches.
C. 36 inches.
D. 42 inches.
C. 36 inches.
In 1990, the American with Disabilities Act (ADA) was signed into law. Title III of the act requires that public facilities be accessible to persons with disabilities. To provide accessibility for disabled individuals, the Act requires the removal of architectural barriers. For example, manual fire alarm stations must be not more than _____ and not less than _____ above the floor level so they can be reached from a wheelchair.
A. 4 feet - 2 feet.
B. 4 1/2 feet - 3 1/2 feet.
C. 3 1/2 feet - 2 1/2 feet.
D. 4 feet - 3 feet.
B. 4 1/2 feet - 3 1/2 feet.
A _____ is a structural member that can carry loads perpendicular to its longitudinal dimension. Larger structural systems can be constructed from several basic structural components. _____ can be made of wood, steel, or reinforced concrete. The primary design consideration of _____ is their ability to resist bending resulting from the applied loads.
A. Columns.
B. Trusses.
C. Beams.
D. Arches.
C. Beams.
_____ is a structural member subjected to loads, usually vertical, perpendicular to its length.
A. Beams. B. Columns. C. Arches. D. Cables. E. Trusses. F. Space frames. G. Connectors.
A. Beams.
_____ are vertical supporting members, designed to support an axial compressive load.
A. Beams. B. Columns. C. Arches. D. Cables. E. Trusses. F. Space frames. G. Connectors.
B. Columns.
_____ are curved structural members in which the interior stresses are primarily compressive. They produce incline forces at there end supports, which the supports must resist. _____ are used to carry loads across a distance and have application as support for roofs and entrances in masonry buildings.
A. Beams. B. Columns. C. Arches. D. Cables. E. Trusses. F. Space frames. G. Connectors.
C. Arches.
_____ can be thought of as flexible structural members that can be used to support roofs, brace tents, and restrain pneumatic structures. Although _____ can be used in applications where they are essentially straight, some used to support loads over a distance will assume the shape of a “parabola”. The stresses in _____ are tension stresses.
A. Beams. B. Columns. C. Arches. D. Cables. E. Trusses. F. Space frames. G. Connectors.
D. Cables.
_____ are framed structural units made up of a group of triangles in one plane.
A. Beams. B. Columns. C. Arches. D. Cables. E. Trusses. F. Space frames. G. Connectors.
E. Trusses.
_____ are truss structures that are developed in three dimension. They offer many of the advantages of two-dimensional in terms of economic use of material. They are well-suited to support uniformly distributed loads. The design is more complicated than with two-dimensional trusses because the forces must be analyzed in three dimensions.
A. Beams. B. Columns. C. Arches. D. Cables. E. Trusses. F. Space frames. G. Connectors.
F. Space frames.
The _____ in truss assemblies are a critical part of the trust. Depending on the materials in which the truss is constructed, _____ can be of different means and materials including: pins, bolts, gusset plates, adhesives, brackets, metal straps, rivets, or welds. Failure of the _____ will result in failure of the truss.
A. Beams. B. Columns. C. Arches. D. Cables. E. Trusses. F. Space frames. G. Connectors.
G. Connectors.
Over the period of the last four decades, gypsum board has become a widely used interior finish material. Several types of gypsum board are produced for different purposes. _____ used in fire rated assemblies is produced with glass fibers, which act as reinforcing. The glass fibers provide tensile strength for the inner gypsum core and prevent its deterioration when exposed to fire.
A. Water-resistant gypsum board.
B. Coreboard.
C. Foil-backed gypsum board.
D. Type-X gypsum board.
D. Type-X gypsum board.
The type of foundation required depends on the type of building and the soil conditions at the site. For example, a small garage or shed requires only a simple foundation, high-rise buildings require a foundation that extends 100 feet or more. In some cases where soil strength is low, a type of foundation known as _____ maybe used. With a _____, the volume of earth excavated will approximately equal the weight of the building supported. By this means, the total weight supported by the soil beneath the foundation remains the same and settlement is minimized.
A. Mat foundation.
B. Floating foundation.
C. Deep foundation.
D. Shallow foundation.
B. Floating foundation.
Masonry be used for a variety of purposes in architecture including primary decorative function, such as masonry fence or stonework trim. Masonry can be used to construct bearing walls, that provide the basic structural support of a building, or it can be used for non-loadbearing curtainwalls or partition walls. All of the following materials can be used for load-bearing walls… the exception is:
A. Brick.
B. Concrete block.
C. Combination of brick and block.
D. Gypsum block and lightweight concrete block.
D. Gypsum block and lightweight concrete block. (FALSE)
Some building occupancies, such as hospitals and laboratories, require extensive mechanical equipment above the ceiling. Such a design is known as an interstitial ceiling space. The following statements are FALSE regarding interstitial ceiling space… exception is:
A. The space within this area is not high enough for a person to stand upright and walk through.
B. The amount of combustibles in an interstitial space is usually high.
C. Over a period of time, combustible materials may accumulate in the space.
D. In fire-resistive buildings automatic sprinklers usually are provided in the space.
C. Over a period of time, combustible materials may accumulate in the space. (TRUE)
_____ are the inclined to joists used to support some types of pitched roofs. _____ are the usual supports used in shed, cable, hip, gambrel, and mansard style roofs.
A. Rafters.
B. Joists.
C. Beams.
D. Girders.
A. Rafters.
There are a number of design options regarding fire doors. A _____ is motor driven and requires electrical power for operation. A signal from a smoke detector or fire alarm system initiates the door closing. A battery powers the motor if the regular power supplies interrupted. This type of door is frequently used where a fire rated partition is required, and the designer does not wish to provide a fixed wall to create an unobstructed floor plan. An example of this would be a corridor separation in the lobby of a health care facility.
A. Swinging fire door.
B. Horizontal sliding fire door.
C. Horizontal folding fire door.
D. Overhead rolling steel fire door.
C. Horizontal folding fire door.
The following statements are FALSE in regards to explosions… the exception is:
A. It is usually not practical to attempt to design buildings to limit the amount of damage that can be caused by a detonation because of the speed with which they occur.
B. Detonations are explosions in which the combustion proceeds through the medium at a speed less than the speed of sound.
C. Explosion venting is designed to quickly relieve the pressure produced by a detonation before it causes excessive damage.
D. Deflagrations impart a much greater impact on structural members than detonations and caused greater damage.
C. Explosion venting is designed to quickly relieve the pressure produced by a detonation before it causes excessive damage. (TRUE)
To prevent the recirculation of smoke through the HVAC system to facilitate exhausting the smoke, the system can be switched from its normal operating mode to fire mode. The transfer from normal operating mode to fire mode can be accomplished either automatically or manually. Which of the following statements is an advantage of a manual smoke control system?
A. Provision must be made for the situation in which smoke detectors operate in more than one zone.
B. Elimination of system distribution due to false alarms.
C. The automatic control should take priority over the manual control.
D. Manual smoke control is relatively fast and will be activated during nighttime hours when occupants may be asleep.
B. Elimination of system distribution due to false alarms.
_____ are constructed of interlocking steel slates with other operating components including a releasing device, governor, counterbalance mechanism, and wall guides. Ordinarily closes under the force of gravity when a fusible link melts but motor driven doors are also available. Often used to protect an opening in a firewall in industrial occupancies.
_____ can also create dangerous conditions for firefighters including: being struck by the overhead closing door; trapping firefighters; restrict water through pinched hoselines.
A. Rolling steel fire doors.
B. Horizontal sliding fire doors.
C. Swinging fire doors.
D. Horizontal folding fire doors.
A. Rolling steel fire doors.
_____ are often found in older industrial buildings. These doors are usually held open by fusible link and slide into position along a track either by gravity or by the force of a counterweight.
A. Rolling steel fire doors.
B. Horizontal sliding fire doors.
C. Swinging fire doors.
D. Horizontal folding fire doors.
B. Horizontal sliding fire doors.
