Eng reviewer

Question 1

The ideas are DIRECTLY stated in the text

Answer 1

EXPLICIT INFORMATION

Question 2

The ideas that are implied or NOT DIRECTLY stated.

Answer 2

IMPLICIT INFORMATION

Question 3

It is the central point or the MAIN ARGUEMENT of an author.

Answer 3

Claim

Question 4

Characteristics of a GOOD claim (DUNCR)

Answer 4

1.Debatable
2. Unique
3. not neutral
4. Unique
5. Rational

Question 5

Three types of claims (FVP)

Answer 5

1. Claim of fact
2. Claim of Value
3. Claim of policy

Question 6

Can be verified as either true or false

Answer 6

Claim of fact

Question 7

It is supported with factual information.

Answer 7

Claim of fact

Question 8

It has sufficient, accurate, and recent evidence.

Answer 8

Claim of fact

Question 9

Refers to evaluative statements that can be qualified.

Answer 9

Claim of value

Question 10

Based on Philosophical beliefs, aesthetic beliefs, moral standpoint

Answer 10

Claim of value

Question 11

Refers to statements that espouse for a specific action to be taken as solution to a particular problem.

Answer 11

Claim of policy

Question 12

An argument which asserts the implementation of a certain policy.

Answer 12

Claim of policy

Question 13

Normally introduced by the modals “should” “must” or “ought to”.

Answer 13

Claim of policy

Question 14

Invalidates an argument

Answer 14

Errors in reasoning

Question 15

What are the two general types of reasoning?

Answer 15

Deductive reasoning

Question 16

The truth of the premise is to prove that the truth of the conclusion is CERTAIN.

Answer 16

Deductive argument

Question 17

The truth of the premise is supposed to prove that the truth of the conclusion is PROBABLE.

Answer 17

Inductive argument

Question 18

Despite the presence of multiple possibilities an arguer presents his/her argument as one of only two options.

Answer 18

False dilemma/False dichotomy

Question 19

Just because it is not proven to be false, something is instantly concluded to be true and vice versa.

Answer 19

Appeal to ignorance

Question 20

When a series of increasingly superficial and unacceptable consequences is drawn

Answer 20

Slippery slope

Question 21

The reader is expected to either accept or reject both two or more points that are rolled into one at the same time.

Answer 21

Complex question

Question 22

Instead of reasoning, a threat is used to argue

Answer 22

Appeal to force (ad baculum)

Question 23

Is used instead of logical reasoning

Answer 23

Appeal to pity (Ad Misericordiam)

Question 24

To show that the belief is false, there is an unpleasant consequence of believing something,.

Answer 24

Appeal to consequences

Question 25

Just because it is what the majority thinks, an argument is considered to be value.

Answer 25

Bandwagon

Question 26

Instead of attacking the ideas of the argument, you attack the character of the person.

Answer 26

Appeal to the person (Ad hominem)

Question 27

Occurs when a person is not actually a legitimate expert on the subject matter.

Answer 27

Appeal to authority

Question 28

The authority in the statement is not mentioned or named

Answer 28

Anonymous authority

Question 29

The sample is not significant or enough to support a generalization about a population.

Answer 29

Hasty generalization

Question 30

When a writer assumes that two concepts that are similar in some ways are also similar in other ways.

Answer 30

False or weak analogy

Question 31

Even if a general rule should be an exception, it is still applied to a situation.

Answer 31

Accident

Question 32

A is the cause of B since event A happened before event B

Answer 32

Post Hoc

Question 33

There is reverse in direction between cause and effect.

Answer 33

Wrong direction

Question 34

Even when there are other factors which also contributed to the event, the explanation is reduced to one thing.

Answer 34

Complex cause

Question 35

The argument which is supposed to prove something concludes something else instead.

Answer 35

Irrelevant conclusion

Question 36

The position of the opposition is twisted so that it is easier to refute.

Answer 36

Straw Man

Question 37

If argument A is true then argument B is true

Answer 37

Affirming the consequent

Question 38

If argument A is not true then argument B is not true

Answer 38

Denying the antecedent

Question 39

The arguments contradict one another

Answer 39

Inconsistency