Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Applied Physiology > Energy Transfer > Flashcards

Energy Transfer Flashcards

1
Q

The body cannot use ___ for energy.

what is it supplied with instead and for what?

A

heat

chemical energy to perform complex functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how is energy transferred in humans?

A

via chemical bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens in krebs cycle?

A

chemical E from carbs, fats and proteins are extracted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the purpose of breaking down food nutrients or oxidation of macros?

A

to phosphorylate ADP-ATP. (energy is generated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What harvests the potential energy from ATP?

A

cellular respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How much of energy from food is transferred to ATP?

A

40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three forms of energy transfer in humans?

A

chemical
mechanical
transport

(Biological Work)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Process of one or more phosphate groups added to organic molecule

example?

A

phosphorylation.

in aerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are Co-enzymes and what do they activate

A

non-protein organic substance.

dormant enzymes (example is vitamin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

located in contractile mechanism of muscle?

A

myofibril

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

hydrolysis of ATP liberates

A

7.3Kcal of E per mole of ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how does ATP generate immediate E use?

A

splitting of ATP occurs w/ or w/o O2 and only requires one chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

stored ATP reserve allows for

A

all out exercise effort for 10 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how much ATP is stored? how much do we need?

A

3.5 oz

171 lbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are major sources of energy for ATP?

A

carbs and fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

muscle cell’s concentration of creatine phosphate compared to ATP

A

4-6x greater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Supplies energy for ATP resynthesis in muscle cells without O2 by reacting with ADP?

A

creatine phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When is energy transfer from CP crucial?

A

during transition from low-high E demand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ATP synthesis that occurs in cytoplasm?

how many molecules of ATP does it form?

A

Substrate phosphorylation

anaerobic glycolysis

2

20
Q

why is energy for muscle action provided through glycolysis?

A

high concentration of glycolitic enzymes and speed of reaction make it rapid.

21
Q

most of energy generated in glycolysis dissipated as

A

heat.

22
Q

formed when 2 hydrogens from NADH combine temporarily with pyruvate?

A

Lactic acid (LA)

23
Q

What does production of lactic do?

A

frees up NAD to accept additional hydrogens generated in glycolysis

24
Q

why does LA cause burning?

A

NADH exceeds cell’s capacity to shuttle H+ atom during exercise because hydrogens striped faster than their oxidation in respiratory chain.

25
Q

occurs in mitochondria and yields 2 ATP

A

Krebs cycle

26
Q

Main function of Krebs cycle?

A

to degrade acetyl-CoA to CO2 and Hydrogen atoms.

27
Q

what happens to H+ atoms in krebs cycle?

A

oxidized in electron transport/oxidative phosphorylation

28
Q

what are the three components of aerobic metabolism

A

citric acid cycle
Electron transport chain/respiratory chain
oxidative phosphorylation

29
Q

Reactions that involve transfer of O2,hydrogen or electrons from NADH and FADH2

A

Cellular oxidation

in mitochondria

30
Q

What happens during energy metabolism in cellular oxidation?

A

1: H+ stripped from macro
2: carrier molecules remove electrons from H+ and pass to O2
3: O2 accepts hydrogen to form H20

31
Q

what are the 2 processes involved in cellular oxidation?

how many ATPs does it yield?

A

electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation

32.

32
Q

Involves removal of electrons from Hydrogen and delivery to O2

A

electron transport

33
Q

What happens after the electrons of hydrogen are split?

A

NAD picks up electrons to form NADH and FAD picks up the 2 H+ to form FADH2.

those are tranferred to coenzyme Q then to cytochromes-> O2 to reduce it to water.

34
Q

iron-protein electron carriers

A

cytochromes

35
Q

What happens to FAD and NAD after electrons are finally translated to reduce O2?

A

recycled

36
Q

when is Oxidation complete?

A

when 2 electrons and 2 H+ join O2 to form water

37
Q

ATP synthesized during transfer of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to molecular O2

A

Oxidative Phosphorylation

38
Q

Electron transport causes a proton gradient across the inner mitochondria membrane. what does this lead to?

A

net flow of protons that provides coupling mechanism for ATP synthesis

39
Q

What is the role of O2 in energy metabolism?

A

serve as a major oxidizing agent in tissues and ensure E transfer reactions proceed at appropriate rate.

40
Q

what are the prerequisites for continual resynthesis of ATP?

A

1) donor of electrons from NADH and FADH2
2) Adequate O2 present as final electron and hydrogen acceptor
3) enzymes and metabolic machinery to drive it.

41
Q

what 2 things are often inadequate during strenuous exercise?

what does this do?

A

O2 delivery and utilization

creates imbalance between release of Hydrogen and acceptance by O2.

42
Q

If there is imbalance between release of hydrogen and O2 acceptance, what happens?

A

H stays on NAD and pyruvate accepts excess hydrogen to form Lactic Acid

43
Q

Transport of electrons from hydrogen to O2 by specific intermediate carrier molecules?

A

Respiratory chain.

44
Q

What are the energy compounds?

A

ATP and CP

45
Q

Types of ATP Synthesis?

A

Substrate phosphorylation
Krebs Cycle
Cellular Oxidation

Applied Physiology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions