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Applied Physiology > Energy Expenditure > Flashcards

Energy Expenditure Flashcards

1
Q

almost all changes that occur in the body during exercise are related to the increases in

A

energy metabolism occurring with contracting skeletal muscle.

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2
Q

1t rest a 70kg human has an expenditure of about___.

how much is used by skeletal muscle?

A

1.2Kcal/min

less than 20%

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3
Q

during intense exercise total energy expenditure may be ___ times that of resting value.

what is the caloric expenditure?

A

15-25x

18-30 Kcal/min

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4
Q

Why does energy expidenture increase during intense exercise?

A

to provide E for exercising muscles which can increase by factor of 200 compared to resting levels.

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5
Q

involves all of the chemical reactions of biomolecules within the body that encompass both synthesis (anabolism) and breakdown (catabolism)

A

metabolism.

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6
Q

all processes occurring in the body result in production of

A

heat.

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7
Q

Amount of E generated by body during rest and exercise can be determined by

A

direct or indirect calorimetry

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8
Q

reflects the body’s heat production, it is the minimum level of energy to sustain vital functions in the waking state

A

Basal metabolic rate.

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9
Q

knowledge of the BMR establishes the important energy baseline for constructing a sound program of

A

weight control through food restriction and exercise

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10
Q

how much lower is BMR in females than males?

why?

A

5-10% lower.

higher body fat and fat is less metabolically active than muscle.

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11
Q

What is BMR influenced by?

A 
age
gender
surface area of body
body fat
thyroid Fx
protein turnover
nutrition
ANS 
temp
fever
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12
Q

What is main factor governing BMR?

A

amt of lean body mass

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13
Q

Why does BMR decrease through adulthood?

A

increase in fat.

decrease by 2 %

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14
Q

if caloric intake less than BMR, this will decrease

A

exercise tolerance.

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15
Q

refers to the sum of the metabolic processes of the active cell mass related to the maintenance of normal, body functions and regulatory balance during rest

what does it include?

A

Resting metabolic rate

BMR
sleeping conditions

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16
Q

What is total Daily Energy expenditure influenced by?

A

RMR
Thermal effect of feeding
Physical activity and recovery.

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17
Q

What has most profound effect on Energy Expenditure?

A

Physical activity 15-30% of it.

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18
Q

sustained metabolic rate compared to resting values during big muscle exercise?

A

10 times more.

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19
Q

What can physical activity be broken down into?

A

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) aka ADLs

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20
Q

how long can metabolic rate stay elevated after strenuous aerobic exercise?

A

8 hours.

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21
Q

E expended during weight-bearing activities increases

A

proportional to body mass

little relationship w/ NWB activities.

22
Q

Relationship between walking speed and 02 uptake essentially linear between speeds of

A

1.9-3.1

23
Q

what influence EE of particular activities?

A

economy of movement

mechanical efficiency.

24
Q

Children require how much more oxygen per unit of body mass to run compared to adult?

A

20-30%.

25
Q

whats more economical at higher speed? walk or jog?

A

jog.

26
Q

swimming increases EE compared to running by

A

4 times.

27
Q

Diet-Induced Thermogenesis consists of what 2 components?

A

Obligatory and

Facultative

28
Q

a result of the energy-requiring process of digesting, absorbing, and assimilating food nutrients

A

Obligatory DIT

29
Q

related to the activation of the SNS and its stimulating effect on metabolism

A

Facultative DIT

30
Q

Thermic effect of food reaches max within

what does the magnitude of DIT vary between?

A

1 hour after meal.

10-30% of ingested food.

31
Q

Thermic effect of protein is ___

why

A

25% of meals total calories.

extra energy by liver to break it down.

32
Q

What are situations of decreased thermic response?

A

poor control of body mass (leads to more fat)

exercise trained ppl.

33
Q

Eating augments ___

A

DIT..

eat then exercise.x2 thermic effect.

34
Q

RMR of people in tropics is

A

5-20% higher.

35
Q

what does exercise in heat do?

A

increases MET load causing increase in VO2 by 5%

36
Q

cold increases what?

metabolic rate of shivering at rest?

A

energy metabolism

shivering increase metabolic rate 5 fold

37
Q

increased maternal body mass of pregnancy adversely effects:

A

exercise economy.

CV dynamics normal.

38
Q

E produced through metabolism of food is equal to

A

heat produced by body

DIRECT CALORIMETRY

39
Q

an airtight, thermally insulated living chamber

A

Calorimeter

not good for sports.

40
Q

in direct calorimetry,

each increase in H20 temp of 1 degree C per kilogram of H20 is equal to

A

1 Kcal of energy

41
Q

involves the measurement of oxygen consumption- V02 – the quantitatively measured maximum capacity for the aerobic resynthesis of ATP

A

Indirect Calorimetry.

42
Q

5.0Kcal per liter of oxygen consumed is an appropriate conversion factor to estimate

A

EE under steady-rate conditions of aerobic metabolism.

43
Q

EE can be expressed in

A

VO2
MET
Kcal

44
Q

a measure of activity intensity and represents an average person’s resting metabolism or V02

A

MET

45
Q

1 MET=

A

3.5 ml.kg.min
or
1Kcal/kg/hour

46
Q

Classification of EE?

A

<3MET= light
3-6 MET = mod
>6 MET= Vigorous

47
Q

ADLs require how many METS?

level of intensities to promote health and fitness?

A

3-5 METS

mod-vigorous.

48
Q

do METs apply to kids?

A

naw.

49
Q

VO2 can be expressed in

A

L/min=absolute
ml.kg/min= relative
METS
Kcal= 5 Kcal/L of O2 consumed.

50
Q

Measurement tools include:

A

6MWT
HR
RPE
RR

51
Q

REP of 11-16
13-16
18-19

A 
11-16= 50-75% VO2 max
13-16= Ventilatory threshold
18-19= cause fatigue.

Applied Physiology (11 decks)

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