Body Composition Flashcards
What are the major structural components
Muscle
Fat
Bone
Fat stored in bone marrow, heart, lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys, intenstines, muscles, and lipid rich tissue of CNS
Essential Fat
Males: 3%
Females: 12%
In female, essential fat includes
sex specific/characteristic fat.
fat that accumulates in adipose tissue?
storage fat
female 15%
males 12%
contains small % of essential fat stores within CNS bone marrow and internal organs?
no fat at all?
Lean body mass
Fat free mass
females with low body fat increase chance of
delayed onset of menstruation
irregular cycles
increased risk of MS injury during vigorous exercise.
for bodyfat and menstruation, 17% is for
22% is
onset of menstruation
to sustain normal cycle.
If body fat is to low, body senses energy reserves are inadequate to sustain
pregnancy
hormonal disturbances are triggered with low body fat.
hormone made by fat cells which regulates amount of fat stored in body. “satiety” hormone
Leptin.
critical blood leptin level necessary to trigger
reproductive ability in females.
leptin is mediator b/w
adipose tissue and gonads.
onset of menarche is closely related with achievement of
certain body weight or percent body fat.
females who start training early show lower lifetime occurrences of
CA in breast/ovaries.
women who workout 4 hours a week decrease risk of CA by
why?
50%
less production of estrogen over lifetime.
losing weight can prevent 1 of __ cancers.
can account for what percentages.
6
14% men
20% female.
men is pancreas/liver/prostate/stomach.
there is no link between excess fat and
brain skin or bladder CA
what are the somatotypes
ectomorph
mesomorph
endomorph
derived from body mass and stature
BMI
BMI classifications?
18.5-24.9 normal
25-29.9 overweight
>29.9 obese
duration of exercise has effect on
fat loss.
what alters body comp?
circuit-resistance
weight loss occurs with how much work?
5x per week
500-1000 cal/ 300 mins.
more lean tissue is lost when body mass is reduced by
diet alone.
aerobic exercise shrinks
fat cells.
excess weight gain parallels with ____ more than ___
reduced activity
increased caloric intake.
Is spot reduction possible
hell naw.
excess enlargement of body’s total quantity of fat or excess storage of energy in adipose tissue
Obesity.
men above 20%
women above 30%
in last 30 years, obesity has
tripled.
if ur obese as a child, how likely will u be obese as adult?
3x more.
how much weight do women put on between 24-34
30 lbs.
what are some biochemical factors of obesity
DIT
Fidgeting
Basal Body Temp
Brown Fat
About 25% of variation of body fat and total fat determined by
what about the 30%
genetics.
cultural effect.
overweight and obesity are associated with increased overall
rate of death
obesity is an independent and powerful risk factor of
heart disease
male pattern of obesity?
female?
upper body/abs
lower body/hips/thighs
Upper body obesity at risk for
CAD HTN Stroke elevated blood lipid Diabetes.
where is there more metabolically active fat?
upper body.
structural diff in adipose tissue in obese vs non obese is
cell number.
25-30 billion (non obese)
260 billion obese
only form of exercise to shrink fat cells
aerobic exercise
Extremes of dietary protein cause suppression of appetite through
reliance of lipid metabolism and ketone formation.
hazards of high protein diet
bad for kidney and liver
electrolyte imbalance
lean-tissue loss
ketogenic diets emphasize
CHO restriction.
