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energy systems Flashcards

1
Q

what is the energy source used in the ATP-PC system

A

phosphocreatine

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2
Q

where is the site of reaction in the ATP-PC system

A

cell sarcoplasm

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3
Q

what is the enzyme used in the ATP-PC system

A

creatine kinase

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4
Q

what are the bi products of the ATP-PC system

A

no bi products

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5
Q

what is the energy yield in the ATP-PC system

A

1 glucose:1 ATP

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6
Q

what is the intensity / duration used for the ATP-PC system

A

max intensity

3-10 seconds

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7
Q

give 2 advantages of the ATP-PC system

A

allows to perform at max intensity

no bi products

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8
Q

give 2 disadvantages of the ATP-PC system

A

can’t maintain it

can only resinthasise with the presence of oxygen

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9
Q

what are the energy sources of the anaerobic glycolytic system

A

glucose

muscle glycogen

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10
Q

what is the site of reaction during anaerobic glycolosis

A

cell sarcoplasm

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11
Q

what are the enzymes used for anaerobic glycolysis

A

phosphofructokinase
lactate dehydrogenase
glycogen phosphorylase

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12
Q

what are the bi products of anaerobic glycolysis

A

lactic acid

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13
Q

what is the energy yield of anaerobic glycolosis

A

1 glucose: 2 ATP

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14
Q

what is the intensity / duration of anaerobic glycolosis

A

high intensity

60 seconds

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15
Q

give 2 advantages of anaerobic glycolosis

A

ATP synthasises quickly due to few chemical reactions

lasts longer than ATP-PC

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16
Q

give 2 disadvantages of anaerobic glycolytic system

A

only a small amount of energy is released

lactic acid build up

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17
Q

what is the energy source used in the aerobic system

A

glycogen

fats

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18
Q

what are the sites of reaction for the aerobic system

A

cell sarcoplasm
matrix of the mitochondria
Cristae of mitochondria

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19
Q

what are the enzymes used in the aerobic system

A

glycogen phosphorylase
PFK
co-enzyme A

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20
Q

what are the bi products of the aerobic system

A

water

c02

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21
Q

what is the energy yield for the aerobic system

A

34:38 ATP

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22
Q

what is the intensity /duration of the aerobic system

A

low - moderate (40-80%)

long duration

23
Q

give 2 advantages of the aerobic system

A

no fatiguing bi product

can be resynthasised quickly when oxygen is present

24
Q

give 2 disadvantages of the aerobic system

A

can’t be used for high intensity sports

complex system so takes a while to be used

25
Q

what is beta oxidation

A

converts free fatty acids into acetal co-A

26
Q

what is better for a long distance runner to use, glucose or fats

A

fat

does 8 turns of the Krebs cycle where glucose only does 2 so more ATP is resynthasised

27
Q

what is the lactate threshold

A

the point at which lactate quickly accumulates in the blood

28
Q

what is OLBA

A

onset of blood lactate accumulation

when levels go above 4 millamoles

29
Q

what is lactate buffering

A

a process which helps the removal of lactic acid and maintains blood and muscle PH levels

30
Q

what are the factors that affect the rate of lactate accumulation

A

intensity of exercise - high intensity faster OLBA occurs
VO2 max - higher it is mere delayed OLBA is
muscle fibre type - slow twitch delays OLBA

31
Q

what is EPOC

A

excess post-exercise oxygen consumption

32
Q

what is the fast component of EPOC

A

alactacid debt
uses extra oxygen to restore ATP and phosphocreatine stores
50% of phosphocreatine stores replenished after 30 seconds, 100% up to 3 minute
up to 2 minutes to resaturate myoglobin

33
Q

what is the slow component of EPOC

A 
lactacid debt 
remove lactic acid 
maintain heart rate 
glycogen replenishment 
increase body temperature
34
Q

what is the glycogen sparing effect

A

the ability to utilise fats as an energy source to maintain a store of glycogen for subsequent high intensity exercise

35
Q

what is the definition of vo2 max

A

the maximum amount of oxygen utilised by the working muscles per minute

36
Q

what are the physiological factors that increase vo2 max

A

increased sv/ejection fraction/ cardiac hypertrophy
greater heart rate range
increased heomaglobin
increased surface area of alveoli

37
Q

what is lactate sampling

A

involves taking blood sample and a device measures how much lactate is present in the blood

38
Q

what is RER

A

respiratory exchange ratio

the ratio of the volume of co2 expired per minute compared to the volume of oxygen inspired per minute

39
Q

what is altitude training

A

training done at 2500m above sea level where the particle pressure of oxygen is lower

40
Q

what are the physiological effects of altitude training

A

not enough oxygen defuses into the blood so haemoglobin is not fully saturated with oxygen
increases vo2 max by 4% and haemoglobin by 8%

41
Q

what are the 3 stages of altitude training

A

acclimatisation stage
primary training
recovery stage

42
Q

what are the advantages of altitude training

A

aclimatises players to lower levels of oxygen

if train for a minimum of 30 days you will see an increase in oxygen carrying capacity

43
Q

what are the disadvantages of altitude training

A

altitude sickness
stresses on the immune system
can’t train at the same intensity

44
Q

what is HIIT training

A

short intervals, max intencity following rest

working 100% increases energy expenditure takes longer to recover

45
Q

what are the physiological effects of HITT training

A

fat burning potential

anaerobic power

46
Q

what are the advantages of HITT training

A

low cost
high impact
done in large groups

47
Q

what are the disadvantages of HITT training

A

hard work
highly motivated
high fitness levels

48
Q

what is a esentric contraction

A

muscle lengthening under pressure

49
Q

what is a concentric contraction

A

muscle shortening under tension

50
Q

what is plyometrics

A

improves explosive strength and anaerobic power

improves fast explosive movements

51
Q

what are the physiological effects of plyometrics

A

muscle and nervous system work together to increase force of contraction. stretch activated via cns. detected by muscle spindles. the increases the storage of elastic energy leading to greater force of contraction

52
Q

what are the advantages of plyometrics

A

can be adapted

inexpensive

53
Q

what are the disadvantages of plyometrics

A

increased chance of doms

not sutable for ametures

54
Q

what are the stages of plyometrics

A

pre stretch
amortisation -store of elastic energy
concentric contraction

PE (12 decks)

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