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energy systems Flashcards

1
Q

what is the energy source used in the ATP-PC system

A

phosphocreatine

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2
Q

where is the site of reaction in the ATP-PC system

A

cell sarcoplasm

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3
Q

what is the enzyme used in the ATP-PC system

A

creatine kinase

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4
Q

what are the bi products of the ATP-PC system

A

no bi products

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5
Q

what is the energy yield in the ATP-PC system

A

1 glucose:1 ATP

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6
Q

what is the intensity / duration used for the ATP-PC system

A

max intensity

3-10 seconds

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7
Q

give 2 advantages of the ATP-PC system

A

allows to perform at max intensity

no bi products

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8
Q

give 2 disadvantages of the ATP-PC system

A

can’t maintain it

can only resinthasise with the presence of oxygen

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9
Q

what are the energy sources of the anaerobic glycolytic system

A

glucose

muscle glycogen

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10
Q

what is the site of reaction during anaerobic glycolosis

A

cell sarcoplasm

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11
Q

what are the enzymes used for anaerobic glycolysis

A

phosphofructokinase
lactate dehydrogenase
glycogen phosphorylase

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12
Q

what are the bi products of anaerobic glycolysis

A

lactic acid

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13
Q

what is the energy yield of anaerobic glycolosis

A

1 glucose: 2 ATP

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14
Q

what is the intensity / duration of anaerobic glycolosis

A

high intensity

60 seconds

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15
Q

give 2 advantages of anaerobic glycolosis

A

ATP synthasises quickly due to few chemical reactions

lasts longer than ATP-PC

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16
Q

give 2 disadvantages of anaerobic glycolytic system

A

only a small amount of energy is released

lactic acid build up

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17
Q

what is the energy source used in the aerobic system

A

glycogen

fats

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18
Q

what are the sites of reaction for the aerobic system

A

cell sarcoplasm
matrix of the mitochondria
Cristae of mitochondria

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19
Q

what are the enzymes used in the aerobic system

A

glycogen phosphorylase
PFK
co-enzyme A

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20
Q

what are the bi products of the aerobic system

A

water

c02

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21
Q

what is the energy yield for the aerobic system

A

34:38 ATP

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22
Q

what is the intensity /duration of the aerobic system

A

low - moderate (40-80%)

long duration

23
Q

give 2 advantages of the aerobic system

A

no fatiguing bi product

can be resynthasised quickly when oxygen is present

24
Q

give 2 disadvantages of the aerobic system

A

can’t be used for high intensity sports

complex system so takes a while to be used

25
what is beta oxidation
converts free fatty acids into acetal co-A
26
what is better for a long distance runner to use, glucose or fats
fat | does 8 turns of the Krebs cycle where glucose only does 2 so more ATP is resynthasised
27
what is the lactate threshold
the point at which lactate quickly accumulates in the blood
28
what is OLBA
onset of blood lactate accumulation | when levels go above 4 millamoles
29
what is lactate buffering
a process which helps the removal of lactic acid and maintains blood and muscle PH levels
30
what are the factors that affect the rate of lactate accumulation
intensity of exercise - high intensity faster OLBA occurs VO2 max - higher it is mere delayed OLBA is muscle fibre type - slow twitch delays OLBA
31
what is EPOC
excess post-exercise oxygen consumption
32
what is the fast component of EPOC
alactacid debt uses extra oxygen to restore ATP and phosphocreatine stores 50% of phosphocreatine stores replenished after 30 seconds, 100% up to 3 minute up to 2 minutes to resaturate myoglobin
33
what is the slow component of EPOC
``` lactacid debt remove lactic acid maintain heart rate glycogen replenishment increase body temperature ```
34
what is the glycogen sparing effect
the ability to utilise fats as an energy source to maintain a store of glycogen for subsequent high intensity exercise
35
what is the definition of vo2 max
the maximum amount of oxygen utilised by the working muscles per minute
36
what are the physiological factors that increase vo2 max
increased sv/ejection fraction/ cardiac hypertrophy greater heart rate range increased heomaglobin increased surface area of alveoli
37
what is lactate sampling
involves taking blood sample and a device measures how much lactate is present in the blood
38
what is RER
respiratory exchange ratio | the ratio of the volume of co2 expired per minute compared to the volume of oxygen inspired per minute
39
what is altitude training
training done at 2500m above sea level where the particle pressure of oxygen is lower
40
what are the physiological effects of altitude training
not enough oxygen defuses into the blood so haemoglobin is not fully saturated with oxygen increases vo2 max by 4% and haemoglobin by 8%
41
what are the 3 stages of altitude training
acclimatisation stage primary training recovery stage
42
what are the advantages of altitude training
aclimatises players to lower levels of oxygen | if train for a minimum of 30 days you will see an increase in oxygen carrying capacity
43
what are the disadvantages of altitude training
altitude sickness stresses on the immune system can't train at the same intensity
44
what is HIIT training
short intervals, max intencity following rest | working 100% increases energy expenditure takes longer to recover
45
what are the physiological effects of HITT training
fat burning potential | anaerobic power
46
what are the advantages of HITT training
low cost high impact done in large groups
47
what are the disadvantages of HITT training
hard work highly motivated high fitness levels
48
what is a esentric contraction
muscle lengthening under pressure
49
what is a concentric contraction
muscle shortening under tension
50
what is plyometrics
improves explosive strength and anaerobic power | improves fast explosive movements
51
what are the physiological effects of plyometrics
muscle and nervous system work together to increase force of contraction. stretch activated via cns. detected by muscle spindles. the increases the storage of elastic energy leading to greater force of contraction
52
what are the advantages of plyometrics
can be adapted | inexpensive
53
what are the disadvantages of plyometrics
increased chance of doms | not sutable for ametures
54
what are the stages of plyometrics
pre stretch amortisation -store of elastic energy concentric contraction

PE (12 decks)

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