Energy ss Flashcards
What is phosphocreatine?
An energy rich phosphate compound found in the sarcoplasm of muscle cells
Breakdown of ATP and resynthesis of ATP via ATP-PC system
- Phosphocreatine –> Creatine VIA Creatine Kinase
- Phosphocreatine –> Pi –> ATP —> ADP
- Brakdown of PCR = Free energy
- 1 net ATP
- PCR stored in sarcoplasm in muscle
- Anaerobic resp —> no products
Summarise the characteristics of the aerobic pathway
Takes place in the mitochondria
* Glycolsysi occurs where if O2 present, pyruvate converted to acteyl COa and enters Krebs Cycle
* Krebs cycle = Acteyl oa broken down to genertae 2 ATP + H/C atoms
* Electron transport Chain = H+ ions transffferef over memb + phosph of ADP + Pi = ATP/ 24 mol of ATP produced
* Energy produced using oxygen
* Uses various fuel sources
* Slowest of the energy systems
* Series of enzymatic reactions
* Provides energy for exercise up to
an intensity of V02 max
* Waste products of CO2 and H20
produced
- overall 38 ATP
- low force production
examine how the ATP-PC system provides energy for ATP re-synthesis.
- ATP broken down at cross-bridges = energy for muscle contraction.
- This leaves the by-products of ATP breakdown —> (ADP) and (Pi).
*- (PC) broken down via CK = Creatine and Pi.
*- energy released in breakdown of = ADP + Pi rejoin —> more ATP. - newly formed ATP = broken down to release energy to fuel activity
- first few seconds of exercise regardless of intensity, The ATP-PC system is used
- energy coming from the breakdown of the ATP stores within the muscles.
- T- ATP stores last only a few seconds = breakdown of PC provides energy for another 5-8 seconds of activity.
- If activity continues beyond this immediate period, the body must
rely on other energy systems to produce ATP as the limited stores of both ATP and PC will be exhausted and will need time to replenish. - ATPPC ss replenished after about 2 minutes rest.
- If activity continues at a high intensity these stores may only partially replenish as there will not be enough energy available for creatine and Pi to reform PC and the rate of ATP breakdown
through other energy systems will impede the replenishment of ATP stores in the muscle
Examine the different forms of energy and how they are used during activity
- Mechanical Energy (AO1) for example a moving ball or a barbell above an athlete’s head (AO3)
- Electrical Energy (AO1) for example transport of a nerve impulse
(AO3) - Potential Energy (AO1) for example when in the ‘set’ position on
starting blocks or a pole-vaulted mid-flight or an archery bow in
the drawn back position (AO3) - Chemical Energy (AO1) for example when acetyl choline crosses
the synapse (AO3) - Kinetic Energy (AO1) for example in movement e.g. running (AO3)
Anaerbic glycolytic ss
Takes plave in sarcoplasm of muscles
involves breakdown of gluse to pyruvic acid + 2 ATP
1. Glycogen converted into glucose 6 phosphoate by PFK hydrolyzed VIA GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORALYTE –> Glucose
2. Glucose hydrolyzed VIA PHOSPHOFRUCKTINASE –> Pyruvate = 2 ATP yielded
3. WITHOU 02 = Pyruvate converted to lactate VIA LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE = waste product via anaerboic glycolsis
4. only produced for 2-3 mins
5. NADH produced
Why would anaerbic glycolysis occur
- Maximal excercise –> ATP-PC SYSTEM exhausted
- Lacate ss takes over
- RESYNTHSIZED ATP from breakdown of glucose w O2
- Peak at 2-3 mins then DECLINE, peaks at 1 min
- IN sacroplasm
ATP resythesis equation
Energy + ADP + P = ATP
Describe mechamisn by which ATP is formed in mitochondria
- Krebs cyycle = NADH and FADH
- H+ donated by NADH and FADH to cytochrome carriers
- H+= split into P + E
- electron move from carrier to carrier down energy gradient via series of redox reactiosn
- energy released used to pump protons across IMM to matrix
- proton gradient + protons diffuse through memb proteins through FD into matrix THROUGH CHANNEL PROTEIN ATPase
- Chemiosmosis
- O2 combines w P+ E at the of ETC = H20
- O2 final e- acceptor
3 energy ss pathways in diff activities
- ATP-PC ss in anerobic power events
- Comb of all in endurance events
- Use of glycolysis ss to support activities up to 1 min
- Aerobic ss = uses carbs + fats for energy
summarise chaarcteristics of aerobic pathway
- Occurs in mitochondria
- Krebs cycle
- ETC chain
- Energy produced in O2
- slowest of all energy ss
- Series of enzymatic reactions
- provises energy for excercise up to Vo2 max inetnsity
- Co2 + H20 water produced
ATP PC SS
- occurs in sarcoplasm of muscles
- Anerobic ss w no O2 needed
- creates energy rapdily from stored creatine phosphate in muscles
- enzyme creatin ekinase breaksdonw CP = generating enerrgy needed fro ATP resynthsesis
- used during first 10s of intense excercise
- Has very high force production
- by products are ADP and Pi
Gl
priming
Priming is a way of manipulating a warm-up to speed
up how quickly the aerobic system starts at the onset
of exercise (A03)
Priming involves manipulating the intensity of warmup exercise (A03)
A bout of high intensity exercise to increase oxygen
uptake (A01)
A sufficient period of recovery is required after the
priming exercise to prevent fatigue (A03)
Oxidation of lactate occurs during recovery (A03)
Priming increases the rate at which energy systems
work (A01)
Faster breakdown of glycogen is facilitated /
increased enzyme activity (A03)
Heart rate remains elevated above resting level (A01)
The aerobic system works faster than at rest (A01)
The anaerobic systems are utilised less during
subsequent exercising (A01)
Oxygen uptake remains elevated above rest, enabling
faster increase at start of exercise(A03)
Faster increase of oxygen at start of exercise reduces
anaerobic energy requirement (A03)
