Coach and perfromer + Class of skills Flashcards
Summarise characteristics of closed + open skills
OPEN:
- Externally paced
- Directly affected by enviornment e.g sailing + wind
- Rely on past experiences, knowledege and perceptual skills to analyse situation + execute skill properly +perceptual reps change movement patterns
- considers influnece of other perfromers/equpiment etc
- High load info
- e.g football etc
CLOSED:
- Internally paced e.g tennis serve
- done in a predictable enviornment + perfromed in same manner each time as sequence of movement has been pre learned + practised e.g free throw
- Low load info
- e.g tennis serve
- Under control of individual e.g pistol shooting
- Habirutual steroptypical movemnt patterns
Summarise whats meant by guided discovery coaching style
- coach to guide perfromers to explore pattern/tac tic by giving clues
- perfromer must problem solving
- perfromers given responsibility through trial + error for learning
- Feedback is question posing
- Learning task set challenges for perfromer to seek slutions
- Develops S-R bond through experience
- Time consuming + bad for cog stage perfromers
- e.g. netball team are promoted on how they can manipulate a partucalr defensive pattern
- Good for autonomous perfromers
- improves motivation + task cohesion
Thorndikes 3 laws of learning
Law of excercise:
- The more frequnetly a stimulus + response (S-R bond strengthened) are associated w each other = more likely particular response follows stimulus
- through trial and error
- things most repeated are best remebered - drills and practise
**Law of effect:
**
- rewarding behaviour increases probability behaviour will be repeated –> law of use
- the use of reinforcemnt strengthens the S-R bond + wont be repeated if punished
- if a perfromer practises a backhand top spin in tennis and theres success they will be motivated to repeat the bahviour to seek the desirable response
Law of readiness
- Learner must be responsive to act to strengthen S-R bond to mneatlly/physically cope w task w concentration and eagerness
- if advanced skills/tactis introduced too earlyt o performers in cog stage/youth they will be unsuccessful and lose motivation
Define discrete skill
- A movement w a clear/specific beggining and end
- can be repeated but w new beginning so new skill
- e.g conversion kick in rugby
- single skills
- well defined + brief
identify 2 ways to develop a strategy/tactic for comp
- adapt focus to opponents in advance of perfromer
- Change practise methods
- Practise to build strength + confidence of perfromers using tactics/strategies
- play to cope w any …..
Command style
- Authoritian style - learner must follow orders from coach
- All learners treated the same
- Inhibits cognitive learning - no questioning/thinking encouraged
- Teacher makes all decisions
- Limitations for developing open skills/creativity
- perfromers in autonoums stage posses hig levels of kinasthetic feel + will be able to use their own intrinic feedback to adjust performance
- Little opportunity for social interaction
- Useful w beginners that need instructions, large groups that need order, dangerous, time constraint where decisons need to be made
Reciprocal style
- Based on cognitive theories
- Content dictated by teacher
- Allow learners minimal responsibility + involved w decisions/responsibility
- Structured so objectives are clearly stated to learner
- Learners work in pairs; observer and performer
- Regular input from teacher; allows for more social interaction
- helps develop intrinisic feedback
- imporves leadership qualaties + sense of belonging in group
- Teacher needs to monitor/ check for incorrect techniques/info learnt is correct
- Useful to develop confidence etc
- good for perfromers in associative stage rather than cog as they need greater insttuction
Problem Solving
- Learner decide how to solve problem/perform task w/o advice
- No limit set by coach
- Encourages learner to be creative/develop cognitive + performance process
- Sense of responsibility for one’s learning
- Allows future strategies by developed through trial + error
- Cognitive stage of learning
- better for advanved lesrners as they posses wider knowledge of tactics/approaches
- prinicple of specificty involved develops LTM stores as mimics competitive strategies
- e.g boxer tasked w creating tactics + movemnts against taller opponent w longer reach
Factors affecting teaching style
TEACHER = experience, skills, info, knowledge of activity
ACTIVITY= demands placed on learner, classification/complexity, dangerous, distribution of practice
LEARNER= individual/group, maturational age, level of skill/ability, level of confidence/knowledge
SITUATION= time, dangerous, equipment, facilities and resources, environment
Strategies
- The plans we prepare in advance of a competition, place non individual or team in a winning position.
- A general approach to competition + may not include specific techniques and tactics
Tactics
- adaptations to the configuration/strategy of play
- adaption to the opps
- offensive/attacking plays in basketball
- tactical approach to 1500m is start strong, hang behined the front pod, overtake on straights and kicks round the top bend + strong 80m finish
**factors affecting are:
**- weather/enviornment
- fitness levels
- type of match
- anxiety, motivation, confidence
- ability of perfromer compared to opp
Skills are…
- “Learned action/behaviour w the intention of brining abt a predetermind result
- skills can involve a combo of complex movements put tgt in coord manner = continum
- to establish faults in perfromers technique + lack of skill development break down into subroutines
- requires knowledge of the perfect model, the biomechanics and methods to alter tecnique, asses tecnical S+W
- compare against their own quanative outcomes or elite models
- vidoe analysis, still images can be used as comparison
3 phases of subroutines
- Prep
- Exeution
- Recovery
Gross vs fine skills
Gross
- involves large muscle movements which are not very precise
- use fundamnetal motor skills/movement patterns like walking, running, jumping etc
- e.g long jump in athletics
Fine
- involves intricate high precision/controlled movements using small muscle groups
- hand eye coordintaion involved/required
- e,g wriust finger action when spin bowling in cricket
Internally vs externally paced
Internally
- the performer control the rate/time at which skill is executed
- closed enviorment/Closed skills perfromed
- e.g discuss throw
Externally
- the environment, may include opponents/officials, controls the rate/timing of performing the skill
- Open skills/open enviornment
- e.g recating to starters gun in 100m sprint
- includes a reaction
