energy/protein requirements (adults)

Question 1

True/False: 30min of physical activity a few time a week will maintain healthy body weight.

Answer 1

False: it is the minimum level recommended, but will be unlikely to maintain healthy body weight.

Question 2

What is the difference between BEE and TEE?

Answer 2

BEE: basal energy expenditure as kcal/24hrs
TEE: TOTAL energy expenditure in 24 hrs (average)

Question 3

When might a person’s EER change? Why?

Answer 3

Growth/Pregnancy/Lactation - to account for energy deposited in synthesis for growth
Increased activity level - more energy needed to sustain activity

Question 4

True/False: The minimal amount of energy needed to sustain life is the EER.

Answer 4

False: it is the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Question 5

What is the PAL?

Answer 5

physical activity level

Question 6

Define EER:

Answer 6

Estimated Energy requirement: dietary energy intake to maintain ENERGY BALANCE and good health in a healthy individual (of a given height/weight/gender/age/activity level)

Question 7

How much physical activity (time) is recommended to maintain a healthy body weight and an active lifestyle? What is the PAL associated with this?

Answer 7

60min/day

1.6-1.7

Question 8

How do you determine the PAL?

Answer 8

TEE/BEE

Question 9

True/False: the PAL is used to calculate the EER

Answer 9

False; the PA coefficient is used

Question 10

Why is the PA coefficient used rather than the PAL in EER calculations?

Answer 10

may not know the exact TEE or BEE, and would be impractical to measure it for every patient (requires testing, time, technology)
PA coefficient gives an estimate based on activity level/lifestyle

Question 11

True/False: the daily % fat intake for children should be higher than for adults.

Answer 11

True.

20-35% for adults; 25-40% for children

Question 12

True/False: in comparison to adults, children need a larger % of their daily intake as omega 3 and omega 6 PUFAs to account for their still growing brains

Answer 12

False. % is same for adults and children.

Question 13

True/False: the daily % protein for children should be lower than for adults.

Answer 13

True.

Question 14

Define AMDR:

Answer 14

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges

Question 15

Which of the macronutrients have an RDA?

Answer 15

Carbohydrate

Protein

Question 16

What should the AMDR be for each macronutrient in adults?

Answer 16

45-65% carb
20-35% fat
10-35% protein

Question 17

The percentages of what nutrients stays relatively constant through life stages?

Answer 17

carbs

omega 3 and omega 6 PUFAs

Question 18

True/False: More protein synthesis (per body weight) takes place in adults.

Answer 18

False. Children/Infants have a higher synthesis rate (per body weight!) as they are still growing. The rate decreases with age.

Question 19

In the body, amino acids are exchanged between the ____ and the _____.

Answer 19

Free AA pool; Body protein

Question 20

What defines a “high quality protein?”

Answer 20

contains all essential amino acids in appropriate ratio (adjusted score for protein digestibility)

Question 21

What is the criteria for carbohydrate adequacy?

Answer 21

Sufficient glucose for brain without lipolyis or proteolysis for energy

Question 22

What are the fates (other than protein synthesis) for amino acids in the free AA pool?

Answer 22

Oxidation
Non-protein pathways
Excretion

Question 23

What contributes to the free amino acid pool?

Answer 23

Diet
De novo synthesis
Protein breakdown

Question 24

What is the criteria for protein adequacy?

Answer 24

Nitrogen balance