Adult & Elderly Flashcards
What maturation milestones are reached in young adulthood?
- Sexual maturity (teens)
2. Physiological maturity (around 30)
____ maturity is reached before ___ maturity
sexual
physiological
True/False: When sexual maturity is reached, this indicates that growth has reached a maximum and will stop.
false; teens still growing, building bone mass
What marks the point of physiological maturity? (2)
maximum height reached
maximum bone mass reached
Why does growth and bone mass stop increasing? What happens after the maximum is reached?
rate of catabolism = anabolism (no more growth)
eventually catabolism > anabolism, will begin to DECREASE muscle and bone mass
After the age of 30, humans enter a ____ phase.
catabolic
When is peak strength reached?
5 years after max height reached
Young adulthood describes the years:
20-35
Middle adulthood is the years:
50-69
As age increases, so does the rate of ____ , increasing the imbalance with _____.
catabolism
anabolism
How does the metabolic changes in older adults affect body composition? What effects does this have?
less muscle mass -> lower BMR
gradually lower energy needs
How is the average weight affected in aging people, and why?
average is increased
not accounting for lower energy needs, and more sedentary life -> more fat gain
(some will lose weight, but average is still gaining)
weight tends to increase until age ____.
70
What can help prevent muscle/bone loss?
resistance exercise & activity
Fat gain with age tends to accumulate in the ____ area. What are the health effects?
abdominal; accelerates with age
increased risk of diabetes, hypertension, CVD
How does decreased LBM contribute to obesity?
less LBM -> Higher % fat in body
In terms of aging obesity, women have higher ____, but lower ____.
risk of obesity,
incidence
At what point does morbidity from obesity become a concern? What are the risk for women
> 25 (overweight by more than 25lbs)
women: 2-3x greater risk for CHD
How does obesity affect blood cholesterol?
overproduce LDL
less HDL
imbalance
What are the health risks of obesity?
increased risk of chronic metabolic disease and morbidity
cancers, diabetes, heart disease, etc
The leading causes of death and illness, such as __________, are closely associated with ___ and ___ factors.
major chronic disease: heart disease, cancer, stroke
also osteoporosis, dementia, HTN
LIFESTYLE & DIET
What are some dietary factors that have increased the occurences of chronic disease?
shifting diet: more animal fat, less complex carbs and fibre
What is a meta-analysis?
an unbiased review of multiple studies
put together data and analyze as 1 big cohort
What was analyzed the the meta-analysis by Mozaffarian?
likelihood of developing CHD, Stroke, or diabetes from consumption patterns of many types of foods