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Cmbm 2 Gopi > Energy metabolism > Flashcards

Energy metabolism Flashcards

0
Q

What is the toxic effect of CN-?

A

binds tightly to heme iron in cytochrome oxidase which oxidative phosphorylation

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1
Q

What would upregulate the TCA cycle?

A

NAD+

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2
Q

What is your anaerobic fate of pyruvate?

A

anaerobically, there is no TCA cycle to burn up the reduced NADH

must recycle NADH –> NAD+ otherwise glycolysis will stop

Electrons are a waste product, and they must be disposed of on something other than oxygen

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3
Q

What is the aerobic fate of pyruvate?

A

electrons are source of Energy

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4
Q

What is delta G?

A

change in free energy

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5
Q

delta G nott

A

at standard concentration conditions

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6
Q

delta G nott ‘

A

change in Gibbs free energy @ 25 C and pH 7

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7
Q

with regards to free energy, in fuel oxidation we see a net ____ number which means …

A

negative

conditions are favorable for reaction to go forward

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8
Q

Anaerobically , there is no TCA cycle to burn up the …..

A

reduced NADH

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9
Q

Glycolysis will stop unless ______ is recycled

A

NADH to NAD+

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10
Q

All the fuel we use eventually breaks down to …

A

Acetyl CoA

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11
Q

What is the source of carbons in the CO2 molecules produced?

A

Acetyl group

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12
Q

The krebs cycle produces …

A 
2 CO2 
3 NADH
FADH2 
GTP 
and regenerates Oxaloacetate
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13
Q

Anapleurotic reactions

A

intermediates can be synthesized by other enzymes and fed into the TCA cycle to refill it

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14
Q

Arsenic poisoning

A

inhibits dehydrogenases - pyruvate DH, succinate DH as well as other glycolytic pathways
Inhibits both aerobic and anaerobic

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15
Q

What metabolites can Acetyl CoA form? outside of the TCA cycle

A

Fatty acids

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16
Q

What metabolites can alpha-ketoglutarate form outside of the TCA cycle?

A

Glutamate

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17
Q

What metabolites can Succinyl CoA form outside of the TCA cycle?

A

Delta-aminolevulinate

18
Q

What metabolites can Fumarate/oxaloacetate form outside of the TCA cycle?

A

Aspartate

19
Q

Where does the TCA cycle occur?

A

in the mitochondrial matrix except SuccinateDH which is in the inner mitochondrial membrane

20
Q

Where is the ETC found ?

A

the inner mitochondrial membrane and functions by generating a Protein gradient ACROSS inner membrane as electrons pass through it

21
Q

Where is cytochrome C found?

A

it is water soluble and found in the intermembrane space

22
Q

Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?

A

occurs in matrix as protons flow back into matrix along gradient

23
Q

The more negative, the reduction potential, the more likely it will …

A

give up electrons

24
Q

Actual reduction potential is a number measured relative to

A

the normal Hydrogen electrode (NHE)

25
Q

the more positive the reduction potential, the more likely it will ….

A

Accept electrons

26
Q

Midpoint potential is the voltage at which the redox active group is

A

50% oxidized and 50% reduced

27
Q

Kd

A

concentration at which ligand is 50% bound and 50% dissociated

28
Q

pKa = pH when …

A

ionizable group is 50% ionized and 50% unionized

29
Q

Km

A

concentration of substrate at 1/2Vmax

30
Q

Since NAD’s reduction potential is more negative then FAD’s reduction potential, then it can easily _____ electrons

A

donate electrons to FADq

31
Q

How many electrons can Coenzyme Q carry?

A

2 electrons

32
Q

Complex 3 is connected to complex 4 by a water soluble protein called

A

cytochrome c

which can only carry 1 electron

33
Q

Complex 1 _____ NADH and _____ coenzyme Q

A

oxidizes

reduces

34
Q

Complex II ______ succinate and _____ coenzyme Q

A

oxidizes

reduces

35
Q

Complex III

A

catalyzes the “Q cycle” which electron transport between the two mobile carriers, Quinol –> Cytochrome c

36
Q

what generates the CoQ pool and what is it?

A

complex 1 and 2

donates electrons to cytochrome b which has two hemes

37
Q

What are the mobile electron carriers in the electron transport chain?

A

UQ
UQH2
cytochrome c

38
Q

Complex IV

A

cytochrome oxidase
transfers 4 electrons from cytochrome c to O2 making water
uses two heme groups as well as copper sites

39
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation

A

…

40
Q

What is net yield of Glucose oxidation when G3P shuttle is used?

A

30 ATPs

41
Q

What is the net yield of Glucose oxidation when malate-Asp shuttle is used?

A

32 ATPs

42
Q

How is the energy from NADH transported across the mitochondrial membrane? (NADH cannot be transported across)

A

via a Malate (oxaloacetate) -Aspartate shuttle

Cmbm 2 Gopi (16 decks)

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