Atypical Bacteria Flashcards
Why does Nocardia astroides stain pink even though it is gram positive?
its walls contain mycolic acid preventing the stain from penetrating
Nocardia astroides associated with ?
pneumonia
What media does Mycobacterium tb grow on?
Lowenstein-Jesnen medium
What type of abcesses does Actinomyces Israelii produce?
Yellow myecelial masses containing sulfur granules
Abcesses are usually below the diaphargm but oral common if dental work done with contaminated tools
What is characteristic about all Mycobacterium?
very slow growing
Walls contain mycolic acid
M.Tb takes 15-20 hours to double
What is the function of Arabinogalactan?
it links peptidoglycan layer to ….
target for Tb drugs
What are most of M Tb’s virulence factors functions?
Anti phagocytic
Describe clinical manifestations of M Tb?
respiratory Tb
at later time could experience Reactivation TB
Extrapulmonary TB -> in CNS leads to Meningitis, vertebrae -> Potts,
What is characteristic of the abcesses of Nocardia astroides?
usually above the diaphargm
What bacteria stain with acid fast stain?
Nocardia astroides
Mycobacterium
Early endosomal antigen 1 in _________ bacteria serve to ….
Mtb
prevent fusion of phagosome and lysosome
what is the function of the ureC gene?
prevents the acidification of the phagolysosome
what drugs are prescribed to manage MTb?
Isoniazid
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide
Rifampin
Cause of Hansen’s disease?
Mycobacterium Leprae
Hansen’s also called Leprosy
What drug is Mycobacterium susceptible to?
Rifampin
Mtb symptoms include …
coughing - expelling blood
chest pain
night sweats
fever
What drugs could be administered as prophylaxis?
Isoniazid
Rifampin
Ethambutol is a potent anti mycobacterial drug because …
it inhibits cell synthesis by targeting Arabinogalactan
What bacterium is a gram negative, obligate intracellular pathogen that difficult to gram stain?
Chlamydiaceace
its cell wall does not contain Muramic acid thus no gram staining
can’t synthesize its own ATP thus cannot grow on agar, only in cell culture
The elementary body of Chlamydiaceae is characterized by
being small and rigid
Extracellular
not metabolically active
INFECTIOUS
The cell walls of chlamydiaceae contains ….
Major outer membrane protein MOMP
concered outer membrane protein OMP2 - not in reticulate body
Chlamydia serotype ABC is responsible for
Keratoconjuctivitis (Trachoma)
single greatest cause of blindness in underdeveloped countries
Serotype D-K Chlamydia Trachomatis is responsible for …
Non gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis
Dysuria with discharge and enlarged testicles in males
PID in 40% females
Associated with Reiter’s syndrome
L1 and L2 serotype Chlamydia Trachomatis is characterized by ….
lymphogranuloma venereum
inflammation of inguinal lymph nodes and rectal strictures
primary ulcer at site of infection
suppurative lymphadenopathy (buboes)
What organism stains best with Dieterel silver stain?
Legionella pneumophila
Spirochetes derive motion from
Periplasmic axial filaments - like flagella but not
gives it characteristic “cork screw” motility - rotation and flexion
Sexually transmitted spirochete
Treponema pallidum
Erythema chronicum migrans
bulls eye rash at site of tick bite
can take up to 30 days
Swimming pool granuloma
Mycobacteria Marinum
Only motile mycobacteria?
M. Marinum
Bacteria that cant grow on agar
Chlamydiaceae
obligate intracellular
chlamydiaceae
Number 1 reported STD in US
chlamydia trachomatis
Reiter’s syndrome
C. Trachomatis serotype D-K
Walking pnuemonia
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
mycoplasma pneumonia
Ornithosis
pneumonia like
Chlamydophila psittaci
infection of respiratory tract epithelium
passes through 0.45 um filter
mycoplasma
chlamydiaceae
Eaton agar
includes cholesterol, purines and pyrimidines to grow mycoplasma
Cold agglutinins seen what type of infections?
Mycoplasma infections
also seen in Hemolytic anemia pts
pneumonia and cold agglutinins point to
Mycoplasma
dry cough pneumonia
Mycoplasma
Atypical pneumonia with non productive cough
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Pt with hacking, non productive cough and fever has chest x ray showing patchy, diffuse consolidation in one lobe
mycoplasma pneumonia
Adult Pt presents with inflammation of tympanic membrane
mycoplasma pneumonia
Atypical pneumonia
also called walking pneumonia
Gradual onset
Fever and malaise
Sore throat and cough (non productive and hacking)
Chest x ray -> Patchy, diffuse consolidation in one or more lobes
Otitis media in childern
- s. pneumonia
- marcella
- H. influenzae
Major cause of non-gonococcal urethritis
Ureaplasma urealyticum
BYCE agar
Legionella pneumophilia
supplemented with cysteine and Iron
Stains with Dieterel silver stain
Legionella pneumophilia
Legionnaire’s disease
type of atypical pneumonia pulmonary fibrosis -> flu like symptoms associated vomiting and diarrhea mostly in IC or elderly, smokers mortality rate: 50%
Treatment for Legionella pneumophilia
Erythromycin
Spirochetes
gram negative spiral shaped bacteria
hard to stain
contain Periplasmic axial filaments similar to but not flagella
clinically often disseminate to other organs
diagnosis by serological testing because isolation is difficult
Syphilis caused by
Treponema pallidum
condylomata lata
secondary syphilis
warty papular lesions
Highly infectious
“YAWS”
Treponema pertenue
disease of bones and skin - wart like lesions
“BEJEL”
treponema endimicum
affects skin, bones, mucous membranes
gumma of nose and soft palate
“Pinta”
Treponema carateum
raised papules which enlarge and become hyperkeratotic (scaly, flaky) then later are thick, flat lesions
Antibodies to Cardiolipin are seen in
Pregnancy
SLE
Syphilis
Gold standard for testing for Syphilis
FTA - fluorescent treponemal antibody
100% positive
Obligate aerobe with characterstic hook end
Leptspira Interrogans
Weils disease
seen in second phase of Leptosira Interrogans
Kidney or liver failure
Relapsing fever after soft shell tick bite
Borrelia hermsii
Relapsing fever with hair lice
Borrelia recurrentis
Lyme disease caused by
Borrelia burgdorferi
hard shelled tick
Treat infections from Borrelia with
Penicillin
Pt presents with Erythema chronicum migrans
This is a bulls eye rash characteristic of Lyme disease
Untreated Lyme disease with lead to
Painful debilitating arthritis
Q fever
Coxiella burnetii
flu like symptoms
associated with pneumonia and hepatitis
endocarditis when pt has history of previously damaged heart valves
Rocky mountain spotted fever
Rickettsia rickettsii incubates 2 -12 days sudden onset of fever and headache maculopapular rash progresses from soles and palms rash moves proximally
Trench fever
also called Shin bone fever
5 day fever
caused by Bartonella quintana carried by body louse
Cat scratch disease
can lead to endocarditis
caused by Bartonella Henselae carried by Fleas
Oroya fever
bartonellosis, carrion’s disease
caused by Bartonella Bacilliformis
