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Cmbm 2 Gopi > Atypical Bacteria > Flashcards

Atypical Bacteria Flashcards

0
Q

Why does Nocardia astroides stain pink even though it is gram positive?

A

its walls contain mycolic acid preventing the stain from penetrating

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1
Q

Nocardia astroides associated with ?

A

pneumonia

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2
Q

What media does Mycobacterium tb grow on?

A

Lowenstein-Jesnen medium

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3
Q

What type of abcesses does Actinomyces Israelii produce?

A

Yellow myecelial masses containing sulfur granules

Abcesses are usually below the diaphargm but oral common if dental work done with contaminated tools

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4
Q

What is characteristic about all Mycobacterium?

A

very slow growing
Walls contain mycolic acid
M.Tb takes 15-20 hours to double

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5
Q

What is the function of Arabinogalactan?

A

it links peptidoglycan layer to ….

target for Tb drugs

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6
Q

What are most of M Tb’s virulence factors functions?

A

Anti phagocytic

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7
Q

Describe clinical manifestations of M Tb?

A

respiratory Tb
at later time could experience Reactivation TB
Extrapulmonary TB -> in CNS leads to Meningitis, vertebrae -> Potts,

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8
Q

What is characteristic of the abcesses of Nocardia astroides?

A

usually above the diaphargm

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9
Q

What bacteria stain with acid fast stain?

A

Nocardia astroides

Mycobacterium

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10
Q

Early endosomal antigen 1 in _________ bacteria serve to ….

A

Mtb

prevent fusion of phagosome and lysosome

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11
Q

what is the function of the ureC gene?

A

prevents the acidification of the phagolysosome

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12
Q

what drugs are prescribed to manage MTb?

A

Isoniazid
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide
Rifampin

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13
Q

Cause of Hansen’s disease?

A

Mycobacterium Leprae

Hansen’s also called Leprosy

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14
Q

What drug is Mycobacterium susceptible to?

A

Rifampin

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15
Q

Mtb symptoms include …

A

coughing - expelling blood
chest pain
night sweats
fever

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16
Q

What drugs could be administered as prophylaxis?

A

Isoniazid

Rifampin

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17
Q

Ethambutol is a potent anti mycobacterial drug because …

A

it inhibits cell synthesis by targeting Arabinogalactan

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18
Q

What bacterium is a gram negative, obligate intracellular pathogen that difficult to gram stain?

A

Chlamydiaceace

its cell wall does not contain Muramic acid thus no gram staining

can’t synthesize its own ATP thus cannot grow on agar, only in cell culture

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19
Q

The elementary body of Chlamydiaceae is characterized by

A

being small and rigid
Extracellular
not metabolically active
INFECTIOUS

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20
Q

The cell walls of chlamydiaceae contains ….

A

Major outer membrane protein MOMP

concered outer membrane protein OMP2 - not in reticulate body

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21
Q

Chlamydia serotype ABC is responsible for

A

Keratoconjuctivitis (Trachoma)

single greatest cause of blindness in underdeveloped countries

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22
Q

Serotype D-K Chlamydia Trachomatis is responsible for …

A

Non gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis
Dysuria with discharge and enlarged testicles in males
PID in 40% females
Associated with Reiter’s syndrome

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23
Q

L1 and L2 serotype Chlamydia Trachomatis is characterized by ….

A

lymphogranuloma venereum
inflammation of inguinal lymph nodes and rectal strictures
primary ulcer at site of infection
suppurative lymphadenopathy (buboes)

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24
Q

What organism stains best with Dieterel silver stain?

A

Legionella pneumophila

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25
Q

Spirochetes derive motion from

A

Periplasmic axial filaments - like flagella but not

gives it characteristic “cork screw” motility - rotation and flexion

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26
Q

Sexually transmitted spirochete

A

Treponema pallidum

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27
Q

Erythema chronicum migrans

A

bulls eye rash at site of tick bite

can take up to 30 days

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28
Q

Swimming pool granuloma

A

Mycobacteria Marinum

29
Q

Only motile mycobacteria?

A

M. Marinum

30
Q

Bacteria that cant grow on agar

A

Chlamydiaceae

31
Q

obligate intracellular

A

chlamydiaceae

32
Q

Number 1 reported STD in US

A

chlamydia trachomatis

33
Q

Reiter’s syndrome

A

C. Trachomatis serotype D-K

34
Q

Walking pnuemonia

A

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

mycoplasma pneumonia

35
Q

Ornithosis

A

pneumonia like
Chlamydophila psittaci
infection of respiratory tract epithelium

36
Q

passes through 0.45 um filter

A

mycoplasma

chlamydiaceae

37
Q

Eaton agar

A

includes cholesterol, purines and pyrimidines to grow mycoplasma

38
Q

Cold agglutinins seen what type of infections?

A

Mycoplasma infections

also seen in Hemolytic anemia pts

39
Q

pneumonia and cold agglutinins point to

A

Mycoplasma

40
Q

dry cough pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma

41
Q

Atypical pneumonia with non productive cough

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

42
Q

Pt with hacking, non productive cough and fever has chest x ray showing patchy, diffuse consolidation in one lobe

A

mycoplasma pneumonia

43
Q

Adult Pt presents with inflammation of tympanic membrane

A

mycoplasma pneumonia

44
Q

Atypical pneumonia

A

also called walking pneumonia
Gradual onset
Fever and malaise
Sore throat and cough (non productive and hacking)
Chest x ray -> Patchy, diffuse consolidation in one or more lobes

45
Q

Otitis media in childern

A
  • s. pneumonia
  • marcella
  • H. influenzae
46
Q

Major cause of non-gonococcal urethritis

A

Ureaplasma urealyticum

47
Q

BYCE agar

A

Legionella pneumophilia

supplemented with cysteine and Iron

48
Q

Stains with Dieterel silver stain

A

Legionella pneumophilia

49
Q

Legionnaire’s disease

A 
type of atypical pneumonia 
pulmonary fibrosis -> flu like symptoms 
associated vomiting and diarrhea 
mostly in IC or elderly, smokers 
mortality rate: 50%
50
Q

Treatment for Legionella pneumophilia

A

Erythromycin

51
Q

Spirochetes

A

gram negative spiral shaped bacteria
hard to stain
contain Periplasmic axial filaments similar to but not flagella
clinically often disseminate to other organs
diagnosis by serological testing because isolation is difficult

52
Q

Syphilis caused by

A

Treponema pallidum

53
Q

condylomata lata

A

secondary syphilis
warty papular lesions
Highly infectious

54
Q

“YAWS”

A

Treponema pertenue

disease of bones and skin - wart like lesions

55
Q

“BEJEL”

A

treponema endimicum
affects skin, bones, mucous membranes
gumma of nose and soft palate

56
Q

“Pinta”

A

Treponema carateum

raised papules which enlarge and become hyperkeratotic (scaly, flaky) then later are thick, flat lesions

57
Q

Antibodies to Cardiolipin are seen in

A

Pregnancy
SLE
Syphilis

58
Q

Gold standard for testing for Syphilis

A

FTA - fluorescent treponemal antibody

100% positive

59
Q

Obligate aerobe with characterstic hook end

A

Leptspira Interrogans

60
Q

Weils disease

A

seen in second phase of Leptosira Interrogans

Kidney or liver failure

61
Q

Relapsing fever after soft shell tick bite

A

Borrelia hermsii

62
Q

Relapsing fever with hair lice

A

Borrelia recurrentis

63
Q

Lyme disease caused by

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

hard shelled tick

64
Q

Treat infections from Borrelia with

A

Penicillin

65
Q

Pt presents with Erythema chronicum migrans

A

This is a bulls eye rash characteristic of Lyme disease

66
Q

Untreated Lyme disease with lead to

A

Painful debilitating arthritis

67
Q

Q fever

A

Coxiella burnetii
flu like symptoms
associated with pneumonia and hepatitis
endocarditis when pt has history of previously damaged heart valves

68
Q

Rocky mountain spotted fever

A 
Rickettsia rickettsii
incubates 2 -12 days 
sudden onset of fever and headache 
maculopapular rash progresses from soles and palms 
rash moves proximally
69
Q

Trench fever

A

also called Shin bone fever
5 day fever
caused by Bartonella quintana carried by body louse

70
Q

Cat scratch disease

A

can lead to endocarditis

caused by Bartonella Henselae carried by Fleas

71
Q

Oroya fever

A

bartonellosis, carrion’s disease

caused by Bartonella Bacilliformis

Cmbm 2 Gopi (16 decks)

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