Energy intake, expenditure, and balance

Question 1

energy

Answer 1

the ability to perform work (joules or calories)

Question 2

energy expenditure

Answer 2

= basal metabolic rate + the thermic effect of food + energy expanded through physical activity (MET’s)

Question 3

basal metabolic rate

Answer 3

minimum amount of energy required to sustain essential physiological functions at rest
- accounts for 75% of energy expenditure

Question 4

thermic effect of food

Answer 4

energy required to eat, digest, absorb and use food taken in
- accounts for a very small % of total energy expenditure

Question 5

consequences of not meeting the energy needs

Answer 5

muscle atrophy, decreased intensity and duration of performance, slow recovery rates, increased risk of injury, illness and fatigue

Question 6

individual calorific requirements

Answer 6

age, gender, size, environment, lifestyle, metabolic rate

Question 7

metabolic equivalent task

Answer 7

• ratio of working metabolic rate relative to their resting metabolic rate
• uses O2 consumption/unit of body weight/min to estimate exercise intensity (ml/O2/kg/min)

Question 8

MET values

Answer 8

• 1 MET = 3.5ml/kg/min or 0.0175 kcal/kg/min
• number of Mets increases with exercise intensity

Question 9

energy balance

Answer 9

• when the amount of energy taken in = the amount of energy expended
• if balanced weight is maintained
• greater intake means weight gained
• lower intake means weight lost

Question 10

energy yields

Answer 10

• carbs: 4 kcal/g
• fats: 9 kcal/g
• proteins: 4 kcal/g

Question 11

energy intake

Answer 11

the total amount of energy from food and beverages consumed and measured in joules or calories