energy imbalance and obesity part 2 Flashcards
what happens when people don’t pay attention to whether or not we are full and make room for dessert anyway, what will happen to the body?
it can cause an increase in body weight and fatness
what is leptin
hormone which is produced by the adipocytes or fat storing cells
acts as a thermostat to keep body fatness from changing
how does the body monitor how much fat is present? and name two examples
by hormones
insulin and leptin
what is appetite?
desire to consume specific foods triggered by external cues
what is hunger?
desire to consume that is triggered by internal physiological signals
chemical messengers
what is satiation?
signal to stop eating
what is satiety?
signal to not start eating again
what are the 4 categories of the mechanisms of eating?
sensory (smell and taste)
cognitive (learned how to eat food)
postingestive (CNS messengers)
postabsorptive
what factors can appetite be driven by beyond physiological factors?
smell, taste signals which can override satiety and stimulate feeding
where does the taste sensation relay to?
the hypothalamus and nucleus of the amygdala and lateral hypothalamic area
name 3 factors which influence food intake
digestive
circulating
central nervous system
name the 4 regulatory hormones of the GI tract
gastrin
cholecystokinin (CCK)
secretin
gastric inhibitory peptide
where is gastrin released and what is its function?
stomach
triggers the stomach to release HCl and pepsinogen
where is cholecystokinin (CCK) released and what is its function?
small intestine
stimulated the release of pancreatic enzymes and release of bile from the gallbladder
where is secretin released and what is its function?
small intestine
stimulates release of pancreatic bi-carbonate
where is gastric inhibitory peptide released and what is its function?
small intestine
signals the stomach to limit the release of gastric juices
where are the hunger centres located?
lateral hypothalamus
what does the destruction of hunger lead to
what does the destruction of ARC and PVN lead to
anorexia
obesity
name 5 peripheral signals involved in the regulation of food intake
gastrointestinal hormones
endocrine glands
muscle tissue
pancreatic hormones
adipose tissue hormones
what are the two mechanisms for regulating body weight and describe what they are?
short term: food intake = levels of circulating nutrients
long term: amount of body fat = feed information on the energy status of the organism to the brain
what do adiposity signals do?
hormones whose secretion is proportional to body fat and that stimulate receptors in several areas in the brain
name the two types of neurons in the ARC control food intake and metabolism
insulin and leptin
