energy imbalance and obesity Flashcards
what is the percentage of metabolic rate
60-70%
what is the percentage of thermic effect of feeding
10%
what percentage is thermic effect of physical activity
15-30%
the amount of energy expended depends on (3)
the size of the person
how strenuous the activity is
length of time activity is performed
average PAL in UK
1.4
desirable PAL for fitness
1.7
what does the TEF stand for?
thermic effort of food
10% of daily energy intake
what does TEF do
energy used to digest food and to absorb, metabolise and store the nutrients from this food
increases with the size of the meal
what does body mass serve as
an indicator of desirable weight levels
what is BMI and how is it measured
a measure of a persons weight relative to height
dividing the weight(kg) by the square of the high in (m)
what are 4 limitations of using BMI to compare people
it fails to consider the body’s proportional composition
not a perfect tool for evaluating the health risks and associated with obesity
if an athlete has highly developed muscles and their BMII may be higher because the large amount of lean body mass
not suitable for measuring pregnant women
what is fat cell development
when a person is over weight their body produced high amounts of fat cells
this can increase and decrease with how the body attempts to change its figure
what does WAT and BAT stand for
white adipose tissue
brown adipose tissue
name 2 differences between WAT and BAT cells
BAT
mitochondria are much more prominent, the nucleus is near the centre of the cell and multiple fat droplets are present
WAT
they are lather and contain a single huge lipid droplet, which squeezes the mitochondria and nucleus against the plasma membrane
why do newborn have brown fat distributed
to protect the major blood vessels and the internal organs
why is some body fat essential? and who stores more
it cushions organs, insulated us from changes in temperature and provides stored energy for times of need
women
what are the percentages for a healthy level of body fat for young adult females and males
female = 21-33% of total weight
male = 8-20% of total weight
what are the 3 types of body fat and brief explanation
central obesity = needing more or less body fat for the type of athlete you are for example
subcutaneous fat = fat stored directly under the skin
visceral fat = fat stored within the abdominal cavity around the body’s internal organs (also called intra-abdominal fat)
what are the two causes of obesity
genetics (hormonal)
diet and physical activity
