carbohydrates Flashcards
nutritionally important monosaccharides
hexoses
name 3 complex carbohydrates
glycogen
starches
fibre (cellulose)
hydrolysis of starch by amylase in saliva and pancreatic juice results in formation of dextrin’s then …
glucose
maltose
isomaltose
dietary starches (storage form of glucose in plants) can be classified as …
rapidly digested (high glycemic index)
slowly digested (lower glycemic index)
where does resistant starch occur
small amounts in the small intestine
what is the glycemic index?
the ranking of how a food affects blood glucose relative to an equivalent amount of carbohydrates from a reference food, like white bread
what is a glycemic load
compares the effect of typical portions of food on blood glucose
what is a glycemic response
measures how quickly and how high blood glucose levels rise after carbohydrate consumption
glucose and galactose are absorbed by …
sodium
which is dependant on active transport
fructose, and other monosaccharides and sugar alcohols by carrier-mediated ____ diffusion
passive
glucose that is not needed for energy can be stored as glycogen in what 2 areas?
muscles and liver
proteins can make what?
carbohydrates
how can glucose be made
by combining two 3-carbon molecules
carbohydrates prevents …
ketosis
what is ketosis
when an undesirably high level of ketones in the blood
blood glucose is regulated by……
hormones secreted by the pancreas
what are the causes of hypoglycaemia
poorly managed diabetes (too much insulin and excessive exercise)
abnormalities in insulin production
abnormalities in the way the body responds to insulin
how can hypoglycaemia be treated
smaller, frequent meals
more fibre rich foods
adequate protein intake
alternative sweeteners when used as part of a weight control program…
will help facilitate weight loss
what does NSP stand for ?
non-starch polysaccharides
what are the 3 components of refining in grains of wheat and flour
what do they help to do
endosperm
bran layers
germ
restore lost nutrients
name 2 diseases of diverticular disease of the colon
diverticulosis
diverticulitis
what is diverticulosis
presence of diverticula (pouches) in the intestinal wall
what is diverticulitis
trapping of particles of food or faeces in diverticula leading to inflammation, diarrhoea and intense pain
