atherosclerosis and cancer Flashcards
what can happen when a person doesn’t eat enough fat?
can cause an essential fatty acid deficiency to reduce the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
what can happen when a person eats the wrong types of fat? give an example
chronic disease such as heart disease and cancer
what is CHD
is one of the UK’s leading causes of death and the most common cause of premature death
what happens when you have high LDL cholesterol
cholesterol accumulates in artery walls
increases the risk of atherosclerosis because excess LDL cholesterol in the blood can lead to the deposition of cholesterol in the artery walls
where does atherosclerosis begin
with damage to the artery walls
what do blood levels affect
plaque formation
what does LDL oxidation lead to
cholesterol deposits
what increases heart disease risk ? and what protects against heart disease?
dietary cholesterol, saturated fat, and trans fat
dietary unsaturated fats
name 3 risk factors for heart disease
obesity
diabetes
high blood pressure
name 3 things that increase risk with diet and heart disease risk
high sodium
saturated fat
trans fat
name 3 things that decrease risk of diet and heart disease risk
high fibre diet
quit smoking
exercise
what does LDL stand for ?
low-density lipoprotein
what happens when a person’s diet is high in soluble fibre
can reproduce blood cholesterol levels
where does fibre trap bile and what doesn’t it allow?
small intestine
doesn’t allow for the bile to be reabsorbed and recycled
what organ forces to pull cholesterol from the blood to make new bile, therefore lowering blood cholesterol levels
the liver
name 3 healthy plate choices
whole meal foods
fish
oatmeal and brown rice are good sources of soluble fibre
what do plant sterols resemble
cholesterol, chemically
what happens when consuming plant sterols? and where are they found?
consuming plant sterols reduces cholesterol absorption, lowering the total and LDL cholesterol levels.
plant sterols are found in vegetables, oils, nuts and seeds
true or false
modest consumption of dark chocolate is associated with reduced risk of heart disease. this effect is attributed to the phytochemicals in dark chocolate. does not increase blood LDL cholesterol levels
true
what percentage of caners are estimated to be caused by dietary choices
30-40%
what increases the risk of breast cancer and what reduces the risk
trans fatty acids
omega-3
fat doesn’t make you fat…
too many calories do
how does essential fatty acids help in the diet?
to allow the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and phytochemicals, and to provide energy
most of the recommendations for fat intake are based on…
the percentage of fat calories in your diet
