Energy For Exercise Flashcards
Define ATP
The energy currency of the body
Where is ATP stored?
in the muscle cell
Which enzyme breaks down ATP
ATPase
What type of reaction is the breakdown of ATP
Exothermic
What type of reaction is the resynthesis of ATP
Endothermic
What is an enzyme?
A catalyst that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
What is an exothermic reaction?
A reaction that gives out energy
What is an endothermic reaction?
A reaction that takes in energy
How much ATP is stored in the muscle cells
Enough for 2-3 seconds of muscular work
What is a coupled reaction?
Where the energy released from the first reaction is used in the second reaction
ATP- PC system type of reaction
Anaerobic
Pc system fuel used
PC
Pc site of reaction
Sarcoplasm
Pc system enzyme
Creatine kinase
ATP-pc system yield
1 ATP
When is the ATP PC system used
Very high intensity exercise lasting between two 2-10 seconds
ATP pc fibre type
FT 11b
Glycolytic system type of reaction
Anaerobic
Fuels of glycolytic system
Glycogen and glucose
Glycolytic system site of reaction
Sarcoplasm
Glycolytic system enzymes
GPP, PFK, LDH
Glycolytic system yields
2 ATP
Glycolytic system by products
Lactic acid
When is the glycolytic system used
High intensity exercise lasting between 10-180 seconds
Glycolytic system fibre type
FTIIb and FOGIIa
Aerobic system type of reaction
Aerobic
Aerobic system fuels
Glycogen, glucose and fats
Aerobic system sited
S1: sarcoplasm
S2: matrix of mitochondria
S3: cristae of mitochondria
Aerobic system enzymes
GPP, PFK and lipases( if fat is used)
Aerobic system yield
S1: 2
S2: 2
S3: 34
Total: 38
Aerobic system by products
CO2 and water
When is the aerobic system used
Low/moderate intensity work from 180 seconds onwards
Aerobic system fibre type
ST type I
What activates the enzyme creatine kinase?
Increased levels of ADP and decrease in ATP
advantages of pc system
Pc readily available Anaerobic so doesn’t need oxygen Simple and quick process No fatiguing by products Fast recovery rate 50% resynthesised in 30 secs and 100 % in 2-3 mins
Disadvantages of pc system
Limited pc stores
Only enough for up to 10 secs work
Relatively low yield 1:1
Affect of lactic acid
Lowers pH
Inhibits enzyme action
Stimulates pain receptors
Fatigue/pain
Where is glycogen stored
Muscle/liver
Advantages of glycolytic system
Large stores of glucose and glycogen available
Anaerobic don’t need to wait for oxygen
Few reactions so relatively quick and simple
Allows high intensity work for up to 3 minutes
Resynthesises twice as much ATP as the pc system
LA converted back to liver glycogen during recovery in the Cori cycle
Disadvantages of glycolytic system
LA 4 negatives
Low ATP yield compared to aerobic system
Slow recovery rate
Can take 60 mins + for lactate levels to return to resting values
