Energy For Exercise

Question 1

Define ATP

Answer 1

The energy currency of the body

Question 2

Where is ATP stored?

Answer 2

in the muscle cell

Question 3

Which enzyme breaks down ATP

Answer 3

ATPase

Question 4

What type of reaction is the breakdown of ATP

Answer 4

Exothermic

Question 5

What type of reaction is the resynthesis of ATP

Answer 5

Endothermic

Question 6

What is an enzyme?

Answer 6

A catalyst that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 7

What is an exothermic reaction?

Answer 7

A reaction that gives out energy

Question 8

What is an endothermic reaction?

Answer 8

A reaction that takes in energy

Question 9

How much ATP is stored in the muscle cells

Answer 9

Enough for 2-3 seconds of muscular work

Question 10

What is a coupled reaction?

Answer 10

Where the energy released from the first reaction is used in the second reaction

Question 11

ATP- PC system type of reaction

Answer 11

Anaerobic

Question 12

Pc system fuel used

Answer 12

PC

Question 13

Pc site of reaction

Answer 13

Sarcoplasm

Question 14

Pc system enzyme

Answer 14

Creatine kinase

Question 15

ATP-pc system yield

Answer 15

1 ATP

Question 16

When is the ATP PC system used

Answer 16

Very high intensity exercise lasting between two 2-10 seconds

Question 17

ATP pc fibre type

Answer 17

FT 11b

Question 18

Glycolytic system type of reaction

Answer 18

Anaerobic

Question 19

Fuels of glycolytic system

Answer 19

Glycogen and glucose

Question 20

Glycolytic system site of reaction

Answer 20

Sarcoplasm

Question 21

Glycolytic system enzymes

Answer 21

GPP, PFK, LDH

Question 22

Glycolytic system yields

Answer 22

2 ATP

Question 23

Glycolytic system by products

Answer 23

Lactic acid

Question 24

When is the glycolytic system used

Answer 24

High intensity exercise lasting between 10-180 seconds

Question 25

Glycolytic system fibre type

Answer 25

FTIIb and FOGIIa

Question 26

Aerobic system type of reaction

Answer 26

Aerobic

Question 27

Aerobic system fuels

Answer 27

Glycogen, glucose and fats

Question 28

Aerobic system sited

Answer 28

S1: sarcoplasm S2: matrix of mitochondria S3: cristae of mitochondria

Question 29

Aerobic system enzymes

Answer 29

GPP, PFK and lipases( if fat is used)

Question 30

Aerobic system yield

Answer 30

S1: 2 S2: 2 S3: 34 Total: 38

Question 31

Aerobic system by products

Answer 31

CO2 and water

Question 32

When is the aerobic system used

Answer 32

Low/moderate intensity work from 180 seconds onwards

Question 33

Aerobic system fibre type

Answer 33

ST type I

Question 34

What activates the enzyme creatine kinase?

Answer 34

Increased levels of ADP and decrease in ATP

Question 35

advantages of pc system

Answer 35

``` Pc readily available Anaerobic so doesn’t need oxygen Simple and quick process No fatiguing by products Fast recovery rate 50% resynthesised in 30 secs and 100 % in 2-3 mins ```

Question 36

Disadvantages of pc system

Answer 36

Limited pc stores Only enough for up to 10 secs work Relatively low yield 1:1

Question 37

Affect of lactic acid

Answer 37

Lowers pH Inhibits enzyme action Stimulates pain receptors Fatigue/pain

Question 38

Where is glycogen stored

Answer 38

Muscle/liver

Question 39

Advantages of glycolytic system

Answer 39

Large stores of glucose and glycogen available Anaerobic don’t need to wait for oxygen Few reactions so relatively quick and simple Allows high intensity work for up to 3 minutes Resynthesises twice as much ATP as the pc system LA converted back to liver glycogen during recovery in the Cori cycle

Question 40

Disadvantages of glycolytic system

Answer 40

LA 4 negatives Low ATP yield compared to aerobic system Slow recovery rate Can take 60 mins + for lactate levels to return to resting values