Energy and Metabolism Flashcards
Capacity to do work
Energy
Energy of motion
Kinetic energy
Stored energy
Potential energy
Energy needed to raise 1 mL of water 1°c
Calorie
Laws of Thermodynamics
- Energy can’t be created or destroyed, only converted
- Without external energy input, all systems naturally fall to disorder
Entropy
Disorder caused by lack of energy
Energy contained in bonds
Enthalpy
Energy available to do work
Free energy/Gibbs free energy
Requires energy to build complex molecules
Endergonic reaction
Releasing of energy breaks down complex molecules into simple ones
Exergonic reaction
What molecules can enzymes be?
Protein, sometimes rna
What changes the shape/function of an enzyme?
pH, temperature, and regulatory molecules
Where do enzymes bind to substrates?
Active sites
Time enzymes take to turn substrates into products
Turnover rate
Competes with substrate to bind to active site (imposter)
Competitive inhibitors
Binds to non active sites. Produced by the body
Non competitive or allosteric inhibitors
2 types of non competitive inhibitors
Allosteric activator: activates enzymes
Allosteric inhibitor: changes shape/ function to inactivate active site
metal ions allow site to function (nickel)
Co-factor
Non protein organic molecules that donate/receive an electron in redox reactions
Co- enzymes
Series of reactions where each product becomes the next substrate
Bio chemical pathways
3 parts of a multi enzyme complex
- Product of one reaction is directly delivered to next
- Unwanted side reactions are reduced
- Reaction is regulated as a unit
Product of biochemical pathway acts as an allosteric inhibitor for earlier enzyme in pathway
Feedback inhibition
What are the bloodstream buffers?
Carbonic acid (acidic)
Bicarbonate (basic)
