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Bio 111 > Cell Structures > Flashcards

Cell Structures Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cells were discovered by who? When?

A

Hooke 1960s

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2
Q

Cell theory

A
  1. All organisms are made of cells
  2. Cells are the smallest living thing
  3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells
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3
Q

All cells have what 4 similarities?

A
  1. Genetic material in nucleus or nucleiod
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Plasma membrane with phospholipid bilayer
  4. Ribosomes
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4
Q

Cromatin

A

Protein + DNA

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5
Q

Protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

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6
Q

Channel system through cytoplasm

A

Rough ER

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7
Q

Synthesis of protein that will be sent to lysosomes or membrane

A

Rough ER

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8
Q

Synthesis of membrane lipids

A

Smooth ER

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9
Q

Detoxify foreign substances

A

Smooth ER

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10
Q

Synthesize cell wall components

A

Golgi

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11
Q

Pack and distribute material around cell

A

Golgi

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12
Q

Digestive enzymes break down macromolecules to recycle foreign matter cell phagocytosized

A

Lysosomes

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13
Q

Vestibules of enzymes

A

Microbodies

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14
Q

What are the two types of microbodies.

A
  1. Gloxysomes: converts fats to carbs in plants.
  2. Peroxisomes: oxidative enzymes metabolize waste (fatty acid and amino acid)
    Detoxify
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15
Q

3 types of vacuoles

A
  1. Central vacuole (Plants)
  2. Contractile vacuole (Protists)
  3. Storage vacuole
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16
Q

Oxidative metabolism enzymes convert macromolecules to ATP

A

Mitochondria

17
Q

What is the layered inner membrane of the mitochondria.

A

Cristae

18
Q

What is the matrix?

A

Within the inner membrane (cristae) of the mitochondria

19
Q

Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis

A

Chloroplasts

20
Q

What are thylakoids and grana?

A

Thylakoids: membrane sacs located inside chloroplasts
Grana: stacks of thylakoids

21
Q

Protein fibers within eukaryotic cells

A

Cytoskeleton

22
Q

3 Functions of the cytoskeleton

A
  1. Shape and structure
  2. Fixes organelles in place
  3. Aids in transportation
23
Q

Main function is cellular contractions. Crawling and pinching

A

Actin filaments + myosin

24
Q

Filaments for structure

A

Intermediate filaments

25
Q

For cell movement

A

Cilla and flagella

26
Q

Centrosomes

A

9 pairs of microtubules surrounded by 2 central microtubules

27
Q

Peptidoglycan protects cell and provides structure

A

Cell wall

28
Q

CHO’s for cell wall

A

Cellulose - plants and protists
Chitin- fungi

29
Q

Gram + vs. Gram -

A

Gram + No LPS (purple)
Gram - LPS (pink)

30
Q

Synthesis of DNA to complementary RNA

A

Transcription

31
Q

Protein from mRNA to amino acid sequence

A

Translation

32
Q

Theory that organelles evolved through symbiotic relationships

A

Endosymbiosis

33
Q

What 4 similarities do mitochondria and chloroplasts have?

A
  1. 2 membranes
  2. Bacterial type DNA and ribosomes
  3. Size of prokaryote
  4. Divide similar to bacteria
34
Q

Glycoprotein and collagen that surround animal cells and can be connected to cytoplasm via integrin protein in membrane

A

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

35
Q

Vesicles vs. vacuole

A

Vesicle’s membranes can bind to other membranes. Vacuoles cannot

36
Q

Synthesis of carbs, lipids, and steroids

A

Smooth ER

37
Q

Calcium storage

A

Smooth ER

38
Q

Tubes the resist compression and help transport vesicles

A

Microtubules

Bio 111 (8 decks)

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