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Instrumentation > Endotracheal Tubes > Flashcards

Endotracheal Tubes Flashcards

0
Q

What are the different types of material that endotracheal tubes are made out of

A

Red rubber, PVC, silicone

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1
Q

Why do we use an endotracheal tube

A

Protecting in maintaining a patient airway helps minimize anesthetic risk

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2
Q

What are some different types of endotracheal tubes

A

Murphy, McGill, Cole

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3
Q

What is the purpose of endotracheal tube

A

Deliver anesthetic gas from breathing circuit to trachea and into patient’s lungs. To keep an open airway when in a critical condition

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4
Q

Describe the patient and of a endotracheal tube

A

The slanted end of tube that’s passed through the mouth and into the trachea

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5
Q

Describe the machine or circuit end of the tube

A

That end up or truths from the mouth and connects to the breathing circuit

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6
Q

Describe some general qualities of red rubber endotracheal tubes

A

Common, flexible, may collapse, difficult to detect occlusions due too solid colors, may absorb disinfectant solutions, short longevity.

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7
Q

Give some general characteristics of PVC tubes

A

Transparent, stiffer, higher risk of tissue trauma, less porous, has a radio opaque line

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8
Q

Describe some general qualities of silicone rubber tube

A

Expensive, strong and pliable, less irritating, resistant to cleaning

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9
Q

What are two special types of endotracheal tubes

A

Metal coiled tubes, fire resistant metal tubes

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10
Q

What is a stylet

A

Guides and facilitates insertion of small or flexible endotracheal tubes into the trachea

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11
Q

Describe the difference between the Murphy and McGill endotracheal tube

A

The Murphy has an eye

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12
Q

Describe the cole endotracheal tube

A

Short, uncuffed, for very small patients

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13
Q

Describe the sizing of tubes

A

French scale system. Pick three sizes of tube, one that will fit perfectly one that is one size larger, one that is one size smaller

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14
Q

How do you select the correct size of tube

A

Through gentle palpation of trachea, widest tube that will fit comfortably past larynx and into trachea without excessive force

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15
Q

What happens if you have increased mechanical dead space

A

You have decreased ventilation

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16
Q

How do you tell the length of an ET tube

A

Tip of nose to the thoracic inlet

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17
Q

What happens if the endotracheal tube goes beyond the thoracic Inlet

A

Risk of ventilation of only one lung.

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18
Q

What are the advantages of using cuffed endotracheal tubes

A

Decreased risk of aspiration, prevents leak of waste gas, prevents inspiration of room air

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19
Q

What are the disadvantages of cuffed tubes

A

Damage to trick your wall, compression of endotracheal tube lumen

20
Q

Why is it important to attach the endotracheal tube properly to the patient

A

To prevent movement of the tube which can cause trauma to the trachea

21
Q

How do you check the cuff prior to intubation

A

Fill it up with air and leave it for five minutes

22
Q

What are some important points to remember about endotracheal tubes

A

Endotracheal tubes should be lubricated to avoid trauma to the trachea, never move or turn the patient while the endotracheal tube is connected to anesthesia machine, do not over inflate a cuff, deflate the cuff before extubating

23
Q

How do you clean endotracheal tubes

A

So can mild soap detergent, scrub insides with a brush, and fleet cough slightly to clean fold, rinse well, air dry

24
Q

How do you disinfect endotracheal tubes

A

Chlorhexidine, Excel, glutaraldehyde which is unstable

25
Q

Which tubes can you autoclave

A

Silicone tube

26
Q

Describe some general characteristics of endotracheal tubes

A

Allows control of airway, oxygen and inhalant delivered closer to lungs, lower oxygen flow required, allows for positive pressure ventilation if apnea, decreases anatomical dead space, prevent aspiration

27
Q

Describe some general characteristics of facemasks

A

Relies on patient to maintain respiratory rate, uptake of oxygen and inhalant depends on patient respiration, higher oxygen flow required, cannot assist with ventilation

28
Q

What is a laryngoscope used for

A

Increases visibility of pharynx larynx and the tracheal opening.

29
Q

What are the five components of the laryngoscope

A

Handle, Blade, slip groove, light source, light pipe

30
Q

What is a Macintosh blade

A

A curved laryngoscope Blade

31
Q

What is a miller blade

A

A Straight laryngoscope Blade

32
Q

How do you maintain and clean laryngoscope’s

A

Gently scrub blade in soapy H2O, Renton clean top water. Disinfect handle with alcohol.

33
Q

What do you check if the unit fails to light or flickers

A

Check the lamp, batteries, replace parts

34
Q

What are hair clippers used for

A

Used for hair removal. Surgical prep, around wounds, aesthetic procedures. Either electric or battery operated. Interchangeable blades.

35
Q

How do you shave an open wound with the clipper

A

Put lube in the wound and shave around it

36
Q

How do you hold the razor

A

With a pencil grip.

37
Q

How do you know how much to shave for surgical prep

A

Minimum 10 cm in all directions from planned incision

38
Q

How do you care in maintaining the clipper

A

Apply lubricating oil to blades and brush off organic material

39
Q

What does the electrosurgery unit get used for

A

Uses high-frequency electric current to cut or coagulate tissue in a controlled manner

40
Q

Describe the components of an electro surgery unit

A

Electrode, electrosurgical unit, ground plate, footpad

41
Q

What happens when the footpedal of the electrosurgery unit is pressed

A

Current runs through the active electrode then runs through the tissue being incised through the patient into the ground plate. The ground plate brings the current from the patient back to the generator. A complete circuit is needed for the current to flow

42
Q

Describe the active electrode in the electrosurgery unit

A

In contact with a very small area of the patient. High current density at that point. Maximizes the effects on the tissue.

43
Q

Describe the ground electrode in the electrosurgery unit

A

In contact with a large area of patient. Low current density. Minimizes damage to tissues which are not in surgical site

44
Q

What are some safety concerns with the electrosurgery unit

A

Risk of Burns to patient, current leakage

45
Q

What are the advantages of the electrosurgery unit

A

Reduced blood loss, reduced foreign material, ease of hemostasis, reduced surgical time, small cutting element

46
Q

What are some disadvantages of the electrosurgery unit

A

Greater tissue damage, reduced resistance to infection, can burn patient, fire and explosion hazard

47
Q

How do you care and maintain the electrosurgery unit

A

White electrodes with alcohol moistened gauze pad while operating, sterilize electrodes. Clean the unit with mild soap or water

Instrumentation (17 decks)

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