Endotracheal Tubes Flashcards
What are the different types of material that endotracheal tubes are made out of
Red rubber, PVC, silicone
Why do we use an endotracheal tube
Protecting in maintaining a patient airway helps minimize anesthetic risk
What are some different types of endotracheal tubes
Murphy, McGill, Cole
What is the purpose of endotracheal tube
Deliver anesthetic gas from breathing circuit to trachea and into patient’s lungs. To keep an open airway when in a critical condition
Describe the patient and of a endotracheal tube
The slanted end of tube that’s passed through the mouth and into the trachea
Describe the machine or circuit end of the tube
That end up or truths from the mouth and connects to the breathing circuit
Describe some general qualities of red rubber endotracheal tubes
Common, flexible, may collapse, difficult to detect occlusions due too solid colors, may absorb disinfectant solutions, short longevity.
Give some general characteristics of PVC tubes
Transparent, stiffer, higher risk of tissue trauma, less porous, has a radio opaque line
Describe some general qualities of silicone rubber tube
Expensive, strong and pliable, less irritating, resistant to cleaning
What are two special types of endotracheal tubes
Metal coiled tubes, fire resistant metal tubes
What is a stylet
Guides and facilitates insertion of small or flexible endotracheal tubes into the trachea
Describe the difference between the Murphy and McGill endotracheal tube
The Murphy has an eye
Describe the cole endotracheal tube
Short, uncuffed, for very small patients
Describe the sizing of tubes
French scale system. Pick three sizes of tube, one that will fit perfectly one that is one size larger, one that is one size smaller
How do you select the correct size of tube
Through gentle palpation of trachea, widest tube that will fit comfortably past larynx and into trachea without excessive force
What happens if you have increased mechanical dead space
You have decreased ventilation
How do you tell the length of an ET tube
Tip of nose to the thoracic inlet
What happens if the endotracheal tube goes beyond the thoracic Inlet
Risk of ventilation of only one lung.
What are the advantages of using cuffed endotracheal tubes
Decreased risk of aspiration, prevents leak of waste gas, prevents inspiration of room air
What are the disadvantages of cuffed tubes
Damage to trick your wall, compression of endotracheal tube lumen
Why is it important to attach the endotracheal tube properly to the patient
To prevent movement of the tube which can cause trauma to the trachea
How do you check the cuff prior to intubation
Fill it up with air and leave it for five minutes
What are some important points to remember about endotracheal tubes
Endotracheal tubes should be lubricated to avoid trauma to the trachea, never move or turn the patient while the endotracheal tube is connected to anesthesia machine, do not over inflate a cuff, deflate the cuff before extubating
How do you clean endotracheal tubes
So can mild soap detergent, scrub insides with a brush, and fleet cough slightly to clean fold, rinse well, air dry
How do you disinfect endotracheal tubes
Chlorhexidine, Excel, glutaraldehyde which is unstable
Which tubes can you autoclave
Silicone tube
Describe some general characteristics of endotracheal tubes
Allows control of airway, oxygen and inhalant delivered closer to lungs, lower oxygen flow required, allows for positive pressure ventilation if apnea, decreases anatomical dead space, prevent aspiration
Describe some general characteristics of facemasks
Relies on patient to maintain respiratory rate, uptake of oxygen and inhalant depends on patient respiration, higher oxygen flow required, cannot assist with ventilation
What is a laryngoscope used for
Increases visibility of pharynx larynx and the tracheal opening.
What are the five components of the laryngoscope
Handle, Blade, slip groove, light source, light pipe
What is a Macintosh blade
A curved laryngoscope Blade
What is a miller blade
A Straight laryngoscope Blade
How do you maintain and clean laryngoscope’s
Gently scrub blade in soapy H2O, Renton clean top water. Disinfect handle with alcohol.
What do you check if the unit fails to light or flickers
Check the lamp, batteries, replace parts
What are hair clippers used for
Used for hair removal. Surgical prep, around wounds, aesthetic procedures. Either electric or battery operated. Interchangeable blades.
How do you shave an open wound with the clipper
Put lube in the wound and shave around it
How do you hold the razor
With a pencil grip.
How do you know how much to shave for surgical prep
Minimum 10 cm in all directions from planned incision
How do you care in maintaining the clipper
Apply lubricating oil to blades and brush off organic material
What does the electrosurgery unit get used for
Uses high-frequency electric current to cut or coagulate tissue in a controlled manner
Describe the components of an electro surgery unit
Electrode, electrosurgical unit, ground plate, footpad
What happens when the footpedal of the electrosurgery unit is pressed
Current runs through the active electrode then runs through the tissue being incised through the patient into the ground plate. The ground plate brings the current from the patient back to the generator. A complete circuit is needed for the current to flow
Describe the active electrode in the electrosurgery unit
In contact with a very small area of the patient. High current density at that point. Maximizes the effects on the tissue.
Describe the ground electrode in the electrosurgery unit
In contact with a large area of patient. Low current density. Minimizes damage to tissues which are not in surgical site
What are some safety concerns with the electrosurgery unit
Risk of Burns to patient, current leakage
What are the advantages of the electrosurgery unit
Reduced blood loss, reduced foreign material, ease of hemostasis, reduced surgical time, small cutting element
What are some disadvantages of the electrosurgery unit
Greater tissue damage, reduced resistance to infection, can burn patient, fire and explosion hazard
How do you care and maintain the electrosurgery unit
White electrodes with alcohol moistened gauze pad while operating, sterilize electrodes. Clean the unit with mild soap or water
