Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 1

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 1

A cell organelle that assembles and packages proteins and lipids.

Question 2

Which organelle does the endoplasmic reticulum work closely with?

Answer 2

The Golgi body. It helps to prep materials and get them packaged to be sent out to different parts of the cell.

Question 3

Is the endoplasmic reticulum found within eukaryotic cells or prokaryotic cells?

Answer 3

It is an organelle found within eukaryotic cells.

Question 4

What are the two parts of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 4

1. Smooth
2. Rough

Question 5

What is the abbreviation for endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 5

ER.

Question 6

The endoplasmic reticulum is a part of what system?

Answer 6

The endomembrane system.

Question 7

What is the endomembrane system?

Answer 7

The system that makes lipids, modifies proteins, and helps to package those molecules that will be sent out to different parts of the cell wherever they’re needed. Grouped together by vesicles.

Question 8

What are the parts of the endomembrane system?

Answer 8

1. Nucleus
2. Endoplasmic Reticulum
3. Golgi Body
4. Plasma Membrane

Question 9

How does the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi body send each other parts of themselves?

Answer 9

Through vesicles. For example: A bit of the endoplasmic reticulum’s membrane will pinch off into a membrane-bound bubble (a vesicle), which will merge with the membrane of the Golgi body and deliver parts of the endoplasmic reticulum’s contents into the Golgi body, and vice versa for the Golgi body.

Question 10

What is a lipid?

Answer 10

A hydrophobic biomolecule made up of glycerol and fatty acids; lipids include phospholipids, cholesterol, and steroid hormones.

Question 11

What are vesicles?

Answer 11

A small sac surrounded by a membrane, which transports cellular products within the endomembrane system.

Question 12

The endoplasmic reticulum begins where?

Answer 12

At the nuclear envelope.

Question 13

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is attached where?

Answer 13

To the nuclear envelope

Question 14

Why is it called the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 14

Because it has many ribosomes attached to it.

Question 15

What happens in rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 15

Newly formed polypeptide chains will enter, then side chains will be added onto them to help complete that protein.

Question 16

How do ribosomes build proteins?

Answer 16

They use RNA messages sent from the nucleus to build proteins. RNA messages leave the nucleus and immediately get converted into protein by the ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 17

What can proteins do?

Answer 17

Act as enzymes, take part in the production and regulation of hormones, or regulate different cell functions.

Question 18

What are ribosomes made of?

Answer 18

Two subunits, the parts of those ribosomes are made in the nucleus.

Question 19

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 19

A part of the endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes embedded in it-mainly responsible for assembling and packaging proteins.

Question 20

What is a ribosome?

Answer 20

A cell organelle responsible for synthesizing proteins.

Question 21

What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 21

A part of the endoplasmic reticulum responsible for mostly packaging lipids.

Question 22

Where is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum located?

Answer 22

Farther away from the nucleus, it has fewer ribosomes attached to it.

Question 23

Why is it called the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 23

Because it does not have as many ribosomes attached to it, compared to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.