Endometrial Cancer Flashcards
what are the two types of endometrial cancer
adenocarcinoma (80%)
uterine serous and clear cell carcinoma
what are characteristics of adenocercinoma
due to unopposed oestrogen
precursor is atypical hyperplasia
what are characteristics of uterine serous and clear cell carinoma
high grade more aggressive worse prognosis affects older patients precursor is intraepithelial carcinoma
what is endometrial hyperplasia
precancerous condition
thickening of endometrium
what are the two types of endometrial hyperplasia
hyperplasia without atypia
atypical hyperplasia
what are risk factors for endometrial cancer
increased age earlier onset of menstruation late menopause oestrogen only HRT no/fewer pregnancies obesity PCOS tamoxifen
what can be protective of the endometrium
COCP
mirena coil
increased pregnancies
smoking
how does endometrial cancer present
!post menopausal bleeding! postcoital bleeding intermenstrual bleeding heavy menstrual bleeding abnormal vaginal discharge haematuria anaemia raised platelet count
when do you do a 2-week urgent referral
if patient has post menopausal bleeding
PMB is endometrial cancer until proven otherwise
when should you refer a patient for transvaginal US
if they have unexplained vaginal discharge and visible haematuria
what investigations can you do in endometrial cancer
transvaginal US
pipelle biopsy
hysteroscopy with endometrial biopsy
what staging is used in endometrial cancer
FIGO
stage 1A
inner half of myometrium
stage 1B
outer half of myometrium
2
invades cervix
