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Exam - M - Reproduction System (Megan and Rachel) > embryology - urinary and repro system development > Flashcards

embryology - urinary and repro system development Flashcards

1
Q

what forms the kidneys, ureter and gonads

A

intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

what di the kidney and ureter develop from

A

urogenital ridge

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3
Q

how does the urogenital ridge form the kidney and ureter

A

differentiates into gonadal ridge

gives rise to gonad and nephrogenic cord laterally - this forms the kidney and ureter

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4
Q

where does the kidney develop

A

pelvis

ascends to abdomen by week 12

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5
Q

what does the cloaca give rise to

A

urogenital sinus which develops bladder and urethra and some parts of male/female reproductive tract

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6
Q

what is the nephrogenic cord

A

part of the urogenital ridge

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7
Q

what are the three stages of development of the nephrogenic cord

A

pronephros
mesonephros
metanephros - final kidney

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8
Q

where does the metanephros drain

A

nephritic duct then cloaca

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9
Q

what is the cloaca

A

caudal end of enfolded yolk sac

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10
Q

what is the cloacal membrane formed by

A

ectoderm and endoderm

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11
Q

what is the urorectal septum and what does it do

A

septum that divides cloaca into the urogenital sinus and anal canal

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12
Q

what does the urogenital sinus form

A

bladder and urethra

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13
Q

where do primordial germ cells originate

A

endoderm lining of yolk sac in hind gut at 6 weeks gestation
migrate to gonads

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14
Q

what forms the primitive sex cords

A

epithelium of gonadal ridge

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15
Q

what is the indifferent gonad

A

develops in gonadal ridge
made of a combination of germ cells and primitive sex cord cells
can develop into testes or ovaries

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16
Q

what are primitive sex cords

A

elongated projections that form from the gonadal ridge

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17
Q

how do ovaries develop

A

primitive sex cords extend into medulla then degenerate

seondary sex/cortical cords develop and surround ovaries to form primordial follicles

18
Q

when is the ovarian reserve established

A

20 weeks gestation

19
Q

what is the function of the SRY gene

A

produces SRY protein (testes determining factor) which promotes testes formation

20
Q

how are the testes formed

A

primitive sex cords extend into medulla and form testis cords then seminiferous tubules and rete testes

21
Q

how are sertoli cells formed

A

AMH causes them to be derived from surface epithelium

22
Q

how are leydig cells formed and when do they produce testosterone

A

from intermediate mesoderm

produce testosterone from 8 weeks

23
Q

where to the gonads originate

A

posterior abdominal wall

24
Q

when do the testes reach the inguinal ring

A

by 7 months

25
Q

what is cryptorchidism

A

undescended testicle

26
Q

what is cryptorchidism

A

undescended testicle

27
Q

what are the two sets of genital ducts

A

mesonephric duct - next to indifferent gonad

paramesonephric duct - lateral to mesonephric duct

28
Q

what does AMH do

A

causes paramesonephric ducts to regress

mesonephric ducts from male repro organs

29
Q

what is the trigone formed from in males and females

A

mesonephric ducts

30
Q

how does the mesonephric duct persist in males

what does it form

A

AMH
testosterone
epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles

31
Q

what does the mesonephric duct form in males

A

epididymis
vas deferens
seminal vesicles

32
Q

what happens to the mesonephric duct in females

A

regresses

33
Q

what can the remnants of the mesonephric duct in females form

A

epoophoron
paraphoron
(small cystic structures)
gartners duct cyst

34
Q

what do the paramesonephric ducts form in females

A

fuses and canalises to form uterus and upper 2/3 of vagina

unfused portions form fallopian tubes

35
Q

what forms the lower 1/3 of the vagina

A

urogenital sinus

36
Q

what forms the hymen

A

fusion of the paramesonephric ducts and urogenital sinus

37
Q

where to urogenital folds form

A

either side of cloacal membrane

38
Q

how is the genital tubercle formed

A

fusion of urogenital folds

39
Q

what happens to the genital tubercle in males

A

elongates to form penis

40
Q

wat happens to genital tubercle in females

A

forms labia minora and clitoris

41
Q

what happens to the labioscrotal swelling and urogenital folds in males

A

labioscrotal swelling folds fuse posteriorly

urogenital folds fuse posteriorly to form penile urethra

42
Q

what happens to the labioscrotal folds in females

A

form labia majora

Exam - M - Reproduction System (Megan and Rachel) (45 decks)

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