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Histology S3 > Endocrine - Thyroid and Parathyroid > Flashcards

Endocrine - Thyroid and Parathyroid Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two lateral lobes of the thyroid connected by?

A

Narrow isthmus

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2
Q

Is the thyroid surrounded by a capsule?

A

Yes

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3
Q

What is the main structural unit of the thyroid?

A

Thyroid follicle

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4
Q

What cell type compose the thyroid follicles?

A

Cuboidal follicular epithelium

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5
Q

What is contained in the cyst-like central cavity of thyroid follicles?

A

Colloid

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6
Q

What surface of the cells are in contact with the colloid?

A

Apical

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7
Q

What surrounds the basal lamina of the thyroid follicles?

A

Dense network of fenestrated capillaries

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8
Q

What are the two types of cells of the follicular epithelium?

A

Follicular cells

Parafollicular cells

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9
Q

What are the principal endocrine cells of the thyroid gland? What do they originate fom?

A

Follicular cells

Endodermal origin

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10
Q

More activate follicles have _____ epithelium

A

Taller

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11
Q

What are the two main hormones synthesized by follicular cells?

A

Thryoxine 3 and 4 (T3 and T4)

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12
Q

What regulates secreting of T3 and T4?

A

TSH from pituitary gland

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13
Q

What two main things do T3 and T4 regulate in the body?

A

Metabolism

Heat production

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14
Q

What is synthesized in the RER and Golgi of follicular cells? Where is it secreted?

A

Thyroglobulin

Secreted into lumen of follicle

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15
Q

How is iodide transported into the follicular lumen? Where is it oxidized to iodine?

A

Actively transported

Apical membrane

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16
Q

Iodination of thyroglobulin forms what two hormones?

A

T3 and T4

17
Q

What is the main function of parafollicular cells?

A

Synthesis of calcitonin

18
Q

What does calcitonin do?

A

Lower blood Ca by suppressing osteoclast activity

19
Q

What are parafollicular cells dervied from?

A

Neural crest cells

20
Q

Where are parathyroid glands found? How many pairs?

A

Embedded within the thyroid

Two pairs - superior and inferior

21
Q

What are the two types of cells of the parathyroid gland?

A

Parathyroid chief cell

Oxyphil cell

22
Q

What do parathyroid chief cells produce?

A

Parathyroid hormone - PTH

23
Q

What does PTH do?

A

Antagonize calcitonin

24
Q

What is the most distinctive feature of oxyphil cells? what do they stain intensely with?

A

Large number of mitochondria

Stain intensely with acidic dyes

Histology S3 (6 decks)

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