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Exam 3 A&P > Endocrine System Part 3 > Flashcards

Endocrine System Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Location and size of pancreatic islets

A

Pancreatic islets are small clumps of cells scattered among the exocrine pancreatic cells that secrete the pancreatic digestive juices

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2
Q

Two important types of cells in the pancreatic islets

A

Alpha cells and beta cells

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3
Q

Hormone secreted by beta cells

A

Insulin

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4
Q

Hormone secreted by alpha cells

A

Glucagon

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5
Q

Glucagon

A

Accelerated process called glycogenolysis in the liver

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6
Q

Glycogenolysis

A

Chemical process by which the glucose stored in the liver cells in the form of glycogen is converted to glucose.

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7
Q

Effect of glucagon

A

Increases blood glucose concentrations

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8
Q

Effect of insulin

A

Decreases blood glucose concentration

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9
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

Pancreatic islets secrete too little insulin

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10
Q

Disease caused by pancreatic islets secreting too little insulin

A

Type 1 Diabetes mellitus

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11
Q

Disease that results from some decrease of insulin and an abnormality of the insulin receptors, preventing the normal effects of insulin on its target cells and this also raising blood glucose levels

A

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

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12
Q

Condition in which excess glucose is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and lost in the urine

A

Glycosuria

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13
Q

Woman’s primary sex glands

A

Ovaries

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14
Q

Two glandular structures in the ovary

A

Ovarian follicles and corpus luteum

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15
Q

Ovarian follicles

A

Little pockets in which ova develop

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16
Q

Ova

A

Female eggs

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17
Q

Ovarian follicle secretion

A

Estrogen

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18
Q

Estrogens effects on the body

A

Development and maturation of breasts and external genitals as wells as the contours of the femal body and the initiation of the menstrual cycle

19
Q

Corpus luteum

A

Chiefly secreted progesterone, but some estrogen

20
Q

Male sex glands

A

Testes is primary male gland

21
Q

Tested production

A

Sperm, semen, testosterone,

22
Q

Feminizing hormone

A

Estrogen

23
Q

Masculinizing hormone

A

Testosterone

24
Q

Responsibility of testosterone

A

Maturation of external genitals, beard growth, changes in voice at puberty, muscular development, and the contours of the male body

25
Q

Location of the thymus gland

A

Mediastinum

26
Q

Two parts of the thymus gland

A

Cortex and medulla

27
Q

What are both portions of the thymus largely composed of

A

White blood cells

28
Q

What gland plays an important role in the body’s defense agains infection

A

Thymus

29
Q

Thymus is known as

A

Vital immunity mechanism

30
Q

What is unique about thymosin

A

Group of several hormones and it plays an important role in the development and function of the bodies immune system

31
Q

Placenta

A

Temporary endocrine gland during pregnancy

32
Q

What hormone does the placenta produce?

A

Chorionicgonadotropins

33
Q

Chorionicgonadotropins are secreted by cells of:

A

The chorion

34
Q

What is the chorion

A

Outermost membrane that surrounds the baby during development in the uterus

35
Q

Placenta also produces what hormones

A

Estrogen and progesterone

36
Q

Location of the pineal gland

A

Small gland near the roof of the third ventricle of the brain

37
Q

Melatonin

A

Inhibits the tropic hormones that affect the ovaries and is thought to be involved in regulating the onset of puberty and the menstrual cycle in women

38
Q

The pineal gland is sometimes referred to as the

A

Third eye

39
Q

Most significant hormone the pineal gland secreted

A

Melatonin

40
Q

How does the pineal gland respond to different light levels

A

Secretes more melatonin at night and less in the day. This is thought to be a time keeping mechanism.

41
Q

Ghrelin

A

Secreted by epithelial cells lining the stomach and boosts appetite, slows metabolism, and reduces fat burning

42
Q

Atrialnatriuretic hormone (ANH)

A

Secreted by the heart and regulated fluid and electrolyte homeostasis and is an antagonist to aldosterone

43
Q

Leptin

A

Seems to regulate how hungry or full we feel and how fat is metabolized in the body

44
Q

Another name for Pancreatic islets

A

Islets of langerhans

Exam 3 A&P (23 decks)

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