Endocrine System Part 3 Flashcards
Location and size of pancreatic islets
Pancreatic islets are small clumps of cells scattered among the exocrine pancreatic cells that secrete the pancreatic digestive juices
Two important types of cells in the pancreatic islets
Alpha cells and beta cells
Hormone secreted by beta cells
Insulin
Hormone secreted by alpha cells
Glucagon
Glucagon
Accelerated process called glycogenolysis in the liver
Glycogenolysis
Chemical process by which the glucose stored in the liver cells in the form of glycogen is converted to glucose.
Effect of glucagon
Increases blood glucose concentrations
Effect of insulin
Decreases blood glucose concentration
Type 1 diabetes
Pancreatic islets secrete too little insulin
Disease caused by pancreatic islets secreting too little insulin
Type 1 Diabetes mellitus
Disease that results from some decrease of insulin and an abnormality of the insulin receptors, preventing the normal effects of insulin on its target cells and this also raising blood glucose levels
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Condition in which excess glucose is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and lost in the urine
Glycosuria
Woman’s primary sex glands
Ovaries
Two glandular structures in the ovary
Ovarian follicles and corpus luteum
Ovarian follicles
Little pockets in which ova develop
Ova
Female eggs
Ovarian follicle secretion
Estrogen
Estrogens effects on the body
Development and maturation of breasts and external genitals as wells as the contours of the femal body and the initiation of the menstrual cycle
Corpus luteum
Chiefly secreted progesterone, but some estrogen
Male sex glands
Testes is primary male gland
Tested production
Sperm, semen, testosterone,
Feminizing hormone
Estrogen
Masculinizing hormone
Testosterone
Responsibility of testosterone
Maturation of external genitals, beard growth, changes in voice at puberty, muscular development, and the contours of the male body
Location of the thymus gland
Mediastinum
Two parts of the thymus gland
Cortex and medulla
What are both portions of the thymus largely composed of
White blood cells
What gland plays an important role in the body’s defense agains infection
Thymus
Thymus is known as
Vital immunity mechanism
What is unique about thymosin
Group of several hormones and it plays an important role in the development and function of the bodies immune system
Placenta
Temporary endocrine gland during pregnancy
What hormone does the placenta produce?
Chorionicgonadotropins
Chorionicgonadotropins are secreted by cells of:
The chorion
What is the chorion
Outermost membrane that surrounds the baby during development in the uterus
Placenta also produces what hormones
Estrogen and progesterone
Location of the pineal gland
Small gland near the roof of the third ventricle of the brain
Melatonin
Inhibits the tropic hormones that affect the ovaries and is thought to be involved in regulating the onset of puberty and the menstrual cycle in women
The pineal gland is sometimes referred to as the
Third eye
Most significant hormone the pineal gland secreted
Melatonin
How does the pineal gland respond to different light levels
Secretes more melatonin at night and less in the day. This is thought to be a time keeping mechanism.
Ghrelin
Secreted by epithelial cells lining the stomach and boosts appetite, slows metabolism, and reduces fat burning
Atrialnatriuretic hormone (ANH)
Secreted by the heart and regulated fluid and electrolyte homeostasis and is an antagonist to aldosterone
Leptin
Seems to regulate how hungry or full we feel and how fat is metabolized in the body
Another name for Pancreatic islets
Islets of langerhans
