Endocrine System Part 2 Flashcards
What are the two parts of the pituitary gland?
Adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis
What is the adenohypophysis?
Part of the pituitary gland that has a structure of an endocrine gland
What is nerohypophysis
Part of the pituitary gland that has structure of nervous tissue
Where is the pituitary gland found?
The pituitary gland lies buried deep in the cranial cavity, in the small depression of the sphenoid bone, the sella turcica
What part of the brain is the pituitary gland attached to?
Hypothalamus
Adenohypophysis is also known as the
Anterior pituitary gland
Neurohypophysis is also know as the
Posterior pituitary gland
How big is the pituitary gland?
Pea sized
Anterior pituitary gland hormones
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Antinocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Growth Hormone (GH) Prolactin (PRL)
Posterior Pituitary Gland Hormones
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Oxytocin (OT)
Hypothalamus hormone production
ADH
Oxytocin
Releasing Hormones (RHs)
Inhibiting Hormones (IHs)
Where is the Thyroid gland located?
In the neck just below the larynx
Hormones released by the thyroid gland
Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin (CT)
What is hypercalcemia
Harmful excess of calcium in the blood
Parathyroid Gland location
Usually four located on the back of the thyroid gland
Parathyroid hormones
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
What does parathyroid hormone (PTH) do?
Increases the concentration of calcium in the blood
Stimulates osteoclasts
What happens with too much calcium?
Person becomes mentally disturbed and heart may stop
What happens with too little blood calcium
Nerve cells become overactive
Thyroxine (T4)
T4 Contains 4 iodine atoms T3 contains 3 iodine atoms T3 is the principle thyroid hormone Influence all the cells in the body Make cells speed up their release of energy from foods
What is different about thyroid glands
Stores considerable amount of thyroid hormones in the form of the colloid compound
Calcitonin
Decreases the amount of calcium in the blood
Releasing hormones (RHs) and Inhibiting hormones (IHs)
Produced in the hypothalamus and travel to the anterior pituitary gland where they cause the release of anti pituitary hormones
Diabetes insipidus
A condition in which large volumes of urine are formed
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Accelerates the reabsorption of water from urine of water from urine in kidney tubules back into the blood.
Oxytocin in the posterior pituitary gland
Secreted by a woman’s body before and after she has a baby
Stimulates contractions of the smooth muscles of the uterus
Believed to initiate and maintain labor
Prolactin (PRL)
In women, stimulates breast development for lactation and stimulates breast secretion
Hyperglycemia
Higher than normal blood glucose concentration
Hypoglycemia
Lower than normal blood glucose concentration
Growth Hormone (GH)
Speed up the movement of digested proteins out of the blood and into the cells and this accelerates cells anabolisms
Anabolism
Build up
Tropic hormones
Stimulates other endocrine glands
Which tropic hormone stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormones,
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Which tropic hormone stimulates secretion of of adrenal cortex hormones
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Which tropic hormone stimulates development of ovarian follicles and secretion of estrogens?
Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH)
Which tropic hormone stimulates interstitial cells of the testes to secrete testosterone
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Which tropic hormone stimulates seminiferous tubules of the testes to grow and produce sperm?
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Which tropic hormone stimulates the maturation of ovarian follicles and ovum; stimulates secretion of estrogen, triggers ovulation; stimulates development of corpus luteum in females
luteinizing Hormone (LH)
