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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 > ENDOCRINE SYSTEM OVERVIEW (LECTURE) > Flashcards

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM OVERVIEW (LECTURE) Flashcards

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1
Q

The two body systems responsible for sending and receiving sensory information and coordinating responses

A

Nervous system
Endocrine system

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2
Q

The Nervous system and Endocrine system is also known as

A

Neuroendocrine system

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3
Q

this regulates body activities by releasing hormones

A

endocrine system

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4
Q

These are chemical messengers into the bloodstream where they are carried throughout the entire body

A

Hormones

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5
Q

What are hormone functions?

A

Regulate chemical composition and the volume of the internal environment
Metabolism and energy balance
Contraction of the smooth and cardiac muscle and secretion by glands
Maintain homeostasis despite the disruption
Growth and development
Contribute to the basic processes of reproduction
Activities of the immune system

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6
Q

What are the two kinds of glands?

A

Exocrine glands
Endocrine glands

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7
Q

These gland secrete their products into the ducts which carry these products in the body cavities, the lumen of the organ

A

EXOCRINE GLANDS

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8
Q

The glands of the exocrine gland includes:

A

Sudoriferous glands
Sebaceous glands
Mucous glands
Digestive glands

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9
Q

These gland secrete their products (hormones) into the extracellular space around the secretory cells

A

Endocrine glands

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10
Q

The endocrine glands includes the:

A

Pituitary glands
Thyroid glands
Parathyroid glands
Adrenal glands
Pineal glands
Pancreatic islets

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11
Q

There are organs that have cells which secrete hormones but are not exclusively endocrine organs

A

Liver
Ovaries
Kidneys
Thyroid
Testes
Pancreas
Placenta
Heart
Hypothalamus
Skin
Small intestine
Stomach

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11
Q

There are organs that have cells which secrete hormones but are not exclusively endocrine organs

A

Liver
Ovaries
Kidneys
Thyroid
Testes
Pancreas
Placenta
Heart
Hypothalamus
Skin
Small intestine
Stomach

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12
Q

This is regulated by different metabolic activities as either positive or negative feedback mechanism

A

Hormones

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13
Q

(T/F) Each specific hormone is produced by a variety of endocrine gland

A

False (variety-specific)

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14
Q

It is the increase in product (hormone) that causes an increase in the activity of the systemn and hormone production rate

A

Positive feedback mechanism

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15
Q

It is the increase of product (hormone) that causes a decrease in the activity of the system and hormone production rate

A

Negative feedback mechanism

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16
Q

(T/F) Hormones have very powerful effect even when present in very low concentrations

A

True

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17
Q

These are specific cells being affected by a hormone

A

Target cells

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18
Q

These are proteins and glycoproteins where hormones bind to influence their target cells

A

Receptors

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19
Q

Also known as Hypophysis

A

Pituitary gland

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20
Q

The pituitary gland is also known as

A

Hypophysis

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21
Q

Attached to hypothalamus at the very base of the brain

A

Pituitary gland

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22
Q

Also known as the master endocrine system

A

Pituitary gland

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23
Q

Also known as the adenohypophysis

A

Anterior pituitary

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24
Q

It is the upgrowth of the glandular epithelium from the pharynx

A

Anterior pituitary

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25
Q

It is also known as the neurohypophysis

A

Posterior pituitary

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26
Q

It is the downgrowth of the nervous tissue from the brain

A

Posterior pituitary

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27
Q

This hormone control the uterine contraction during delivery and milk ejection during breastfeeding

A

Oxytocin

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28
Q

This hormone causes water retention and controls the body water balancing mechanism

A

Antidiuretic hormone

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29
Q

This regulates the anterior pituitary

A

Hypothalamus

30
Q

This regulates the anterior pituitary by producing releasing hormones

A

Hypothalamus

31
Q

This stimulates the release of anterior pituitary gland hormones and inhibiting hormones

A

Releasing hormones

32
Q

Hormones control the release of other hormone either by stimulating or inhibiting their release and the function of the hypothalamus. The releasing factor is called

A

Liberins

32
Q

Hormones control the release of other hormone either by stimulating or inhibiting their release and the function of the hypothalamus. The releasing factor is called

A

Liberins

32
Q

Hormones control the release of other hormones either by stimulating or inhibiting their release and the function of the hypothalamus. The releasing factors are known as

A

LIBERINS

32
Q

Hormones control the release of other hormone either by stimulating or inhibiting their release and the function of the hypothalamus. The releasing factor is called

A

Liberins

32
Q

Hormones control the release of other hormones either by stimulating or inhibiting their release and the function of the hypothalamus. The inhibiting factors are known as

A

STATINS

33
Q

What are the seven major hormones?

A

Growth hormone (GH)
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)

34
Q

Also known as a Growth Hormone Release Inhibiting Hormone (GHRIH)

A

Somatostatin

35
Q

One of the seven major hormones which stimulate general body growth

A

Growth hormone

36
Q

One of the seven major hormones which regulate certain aspects of metabolism

A

Growth hormone

37
Q

Most abundant among the seven major hormones

A

Growth hormone

38
Q

One of the seven major hormones which is responsible for growth and division of most body cells (bones and skeletal muscles)

A

Growth hormone

39
Q

Seven major hormones: Is the evident hormone during childhood and adolescence

A

Growth hormone

40
Q

Seven major hormones: This hormone maintains the mass of bones and skeletal muscles

A

Growth hormone

41
Q

Seven major hormones: This hormone regulates metabolism

A

Growth hormone

42
Q

The growth hormone is stimulated by

A

GHRH

43
Q

The growth hormone is suppressed by

A

GHRIH/somatostatin

44
Q

Seven major hormones: This hormone is greater at night

A

Growth hormone

45
Q

These can also stimulate the release of growth hormones:

A

Hypoglycemia, Exercise, and Anxiety

46
Q

This is peak of the secretion of growth hormone

A

Adolescence

47
Q

Seven major hormones: This hormone gradually declines with age

A

Growth hormone

48
Q

Seven major hormones: Control the secretions and other activities of thyroid gland

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

49
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is stimulated by

A

Thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH)

50
Q

Seven major hormones: Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) regulates the growth and activity of thyroid gland which includes the production and release of

A

Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)

51
Q

Seven major hormones: Lowest in the early evening and higher at night

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

52
Q

Seven major hormones: Effects of Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in female

A

Development of sex organs
Development of immature ovarian follicle
Estrogen and progesterone during menstrual cycle

53
Q

Sex hormones

A

Gonadotrophin

54
Q

Forda Mature functioning of the reproductive organs

A

Gonadotrophin

55
Q

Male and female Gonadotrophin

A

LH
FSH

56
Q

Seven major hormones: Effect of Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in male

A

Initiation of spermatogenesis

57
Q

FSH and LH effects

A

stimulate the secretion of estrogen and progesterone
maturation of oocytes in the ovaries
Secretion of testosterone
Sperm production in the testes

58
Q

Seven major hormone: During pregnancy FORDA lactation after childbirth

A

Prolactin (PRL)

59
Q

Prolactin is stimulated by

A

Prolactin releasing hormone (PRH)

60
Q

Seven major hormone: Initiate milk production in the mammary gland

A

Prolactin (PRL)

61
Q

Prolactin is lowered by

A

PIH (prolactin inhibiting hormone/dopamine)
Increased prolactin in the blood

62
Q

Seven major hormone: Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

63
Q

Seven major hormone: Highest at 8:00 AM and lowest at Midnight

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

64
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is also known as

A

Corticotrophin

65
Q

Seven major hormone: Cholesterol and steroids

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

66
Q

Seven major hormone: This affets skin pigmentation

A

Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone

67
Q

Seven major hormone: This affets skin pigmentation

A

Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone

68
Q

The adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete

A

Glucocorticoids

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 (8 decks)

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