ENDOCRINE SYSTEM OVERVIEW (LECTURE) Flashcards
The two body systems responsible for sending and receiving sensory information and coordinating responses
Nervous system
Endocrine system
The Nervous system and Endocrine system is also known as
Neuroendocrine system
this regulates body activities by releasing hormones
endocrine system
These are chemical messengers into the bloodstream where they are carried throughout the entire body
Hormones
What are hormone functions?
Regulate chemical composition and the volume of the internal environment
Metabolism and energy balance
Contraction of the smooth and cardiac muscle and secretion by glands
Maintain homeostasis despite the disruption
Growth and development
Contribute to the basic processes of reproduction
Activities of the immune system
What are the two kinds of glands?
Exocrine glands
Endocrine glands
These gland secrete their products into the ducts which carry these products in the body cavities, the lumen of the organ
EXOCRINE GLANDS
The glands of the exocrine gland includes:
Sudoriferous glands
Sebaceous glands
Mucous glands
Digestive glands
These gland secrete their products (hormones) into the extracellular space around the secretory cells
Endocrine glands
The endocrine glands includes the:
Pituitary glands
Thyroid glands
Parathyroid glands
Adrenal glands
Pineal glands
Pancreatic islets
There are organs that have cells which secrete hormones but are not exclusively endocrine organs
Liver
Ovaries
Kidneys
Thyroid
Testes
Pancreas
Placenta
Heart
Hypothalamus
Skin
Small intestine
Stomach
There are organs that have cells which secrete hormones but are not exclusively endocrine organs
Liver
Ovaries
Kidneys
Thyroid
Testes
Pancreas
Placenta
Heart
Hypothalamus
Skin
Small intestine
Stomach
This is regulated by different metabolic activities as either positive or negative feedback mechanism
Hormones
(T/F) Each specific hormone is produced by a variety of endocrine gland
False (variety-specific)
It is the increase in product (hormone) that causes an increase in the activity of the systemn and hormone production rate
Positive feedback mechanism
It is the increase of product (hormone) that causes a decrease in the activity of the system and hormone production rate
Negative feedback mechanism
(T/F) Hormones have very powerful effect even when present in very low concentrations
True
These are specific cells being affected by a hormone
Target cells
These are proteins and glycoproteins where hormones bind to influence their target cells
Receptors
Also known as Hypophysis
Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland is also known as
Hypophysis
Attached to hypothalamus at the very base of the brain
Pituitary gland
Also known as the master endocrine system
Pituitary gland
Also known as the adenohypophysis
Anterior pituitary
It is the upgrowth of the glandular epithelium from the pharynx
Anterior pituitary
It is also known as the neurohypophysis
Posterior pituitary
It is the downgrowth of the nervous tissue from the brain
Posterior pituitary
This hormone control the uterine contraction during delivery and milk ejection during breastfeeding
Oxytocin
This hormone causes water retention and controls the body water balancing mechanism
Antidiuretic hormone
This regulates the anterior pituitary
Hypothalamus
This regulates the anterior pituitary by producing releasing hormones
Hypothalamus
This stimulates the release of anterior pituitary gland hormones and inhibiting hormones
Releasing hormones
Hormones control the release of other hormone either by stimulating or inhibiting their release and the function of the hypothalamus. The releasing factor is called
Liberins
Hormones control the release of other hormone either by stimulating or inhibiting their release and the function of the hypothalamus. The releasing factor is called
Liberins
Hormones control the release of other hormones either by stimulating or inhibiting their release and the function of the hypothalamus. The releasing factors are known as
LIBERINS
Hormones control the release of other hormone either by stimulating or inhibiting their release and the function of the hypothalamus. The releasing factor is called
Liberins
Hormones control the release of other hormones either by stimulating or inhibiting their release and the function of the hypothalamus. The inhibiting factors are known as
STATINS
What are the seven major hormones?
Growth hormone (GH)
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
Also known as a Growth Hormone Release Inhibiting Hormone (GHRIH)
Somatostatin
One of the seven major hormones which stimulate general body growth
Growth hormone
One of the seven major hormones which regulate certain aspects of metabolism
Growth hormone
Most abundant among the seven major hormones
Growth hormone
One of the seven major hormones which is responsible for growth and division of most body cells (bones and skeletal muscles)
Growth hormone
Seven major hormones: Is the evident hormone during childhood and adolescence
Growth hormone
Seven major hormones: This hormone maintains the mass of bones and skeletal muscles
Growth hormone
Seven major hormones: This hormone regulates metabolism
Growth hormone
The growth hormone is stimulated by
GHRH
The growth hormone is suppressed by
GHRIH/somatostatin
Seven major hormones: This hormone is greater at night
Growth hormone
These can also stimulate the release of growth hormones:
Hypoglycemia, Exercise, and Anxiety
This is peak of the secretion of growth hormone
Adolescence
Seven major hormones: This hormone gradually declines with age
Growth hormone
Seven major hormones: Control the secretions and other activities of thyroid gland
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is stimulated by
Thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH)
Seven major hormones: Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) regulates the growth and activity of thyroid gland which includes the production and release of
Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Seven major hormones: Lowest in the early evening and higher at night
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Seven major hormones: Effects of Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in female
Development of sex organs
Development of immature ovarian follicle
Estrogen and progesterone during menstrual cycle
Sex hormones
Gonadotrophin
Forda Mature functioning of the reproductive organs
Gonadotrophin
Male and female Gonadotrophin
LH
FSH
Seven major hormones: Effect of Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in male
Initiation of spermatogenesis
FSH and LH effects
stimulate the secretion of estrogen and progesterone
maturation of oocytes in the ovaries
Secretion of testosterone
Sperm production in the testes
Seven major hormone: During pregnancy FORDA lactation after childbirth
Prolactin (PRL)
Prolactin is stimulated by
Prolactin releasing hormone (PRH)
Seven major hormone: Initiate milk production in the mammary gland
Prolactin (PRL)
Prolactin is lowered by
PIH (prolactin inhibiting hormone/dopamine)
Increased prolactin in the blood
Seven major hormone: Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Seven major hormone: Highest at 8:00 AM and lowest at Midnight
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is also known as
Corticotrophin
Seven major hormone: Cholesterol and steroids
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Seven major hormone: This affets skin pigmentation
Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone
Seven major hormone: This affets skin pigmentation
Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone
The adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete
Glucocorticoids
