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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 > Amylas > Flashcards

Amylas Flashcards

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1
Q

Measure the decrease in absorbance of a tubid starch

A

Turbidimetric

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2
Q

Simple and rapid

A

Turbidimetric

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3
Q

Disadvantage:
Poor precision in near normal activity of amylase
Inadequate subrate stability

A

Turbidimetric

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4
Q

Turbidimetric change is not linear to amylase activity, except the first _______ of the reaction

A

Two minutes

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5
Q

Amylase activity is measured by determining the time required for the amylase to completely hydrolyze all-iodine bound starch

A

Iodometric

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6
Q

Dark blue colored complex

A

Iodometric

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7
Q

Indication of the endpoint of iodometric method

A

Absence of blue starch-iodine color

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8
Q

Gives a blue color with iodine

A

Amylose

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9
Q

Forms a weak red color

A

Amylopectin

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10
Q

This is due to the helical configuration formed by amylose with iodine

A

Formation of blue color

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11
Q

In iodometric method, the blue color is obtained only when the overall chain length of amylose is greater than _________

A

45 glucose units

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12
Q

Acute pancreatitis
Rise: ?
Peak: ?
Return to normal: ?

A

R: 5-8h
P: 24h
Rtn: 3-5d

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13
Q

Based on the reduction of light scattering of substrate by amylose activity

A

Nephelometric

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14
Q

Nephelometric method has the advantage of (?)

A

Simplicity
Speed
Precision
Zero-order kinetics

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15
Q

Suitable for emergency purposes, results available less than three minutes

A

Nephelometric

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16
Q

Bench-working time and manipulation is minimal. Does not require blanking

A

Nephelometric

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17
Q

Nephelometric method standardization requires arbitrary standards such as (?)

A

Formazine

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18
Q

Major tissue sources of amylase

A

Pancreas and salivary glands

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19
Q

Minor tissue source of amylase

A

Small intestine
fallopian tubes
skeletal muscle

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20
Q

Amylase isoenzyme present in normal urine

A

P-type isoenzyme

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21
Q

S-type isoenzyme is present in (?) of normal serum

A

2/3

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22
Q

Separation basis of amylase determination

A

Physical characteristics/difference
Chromatography
Electrophoresis
Iso-electric focusing
Immune inhibition
Immuno precipitation
Selective inhibition

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23
Q

Hydrolysis of starch to produce carbohydrates with reducing properties

A

Saccharogenic

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24
Q

In saccharogenic method, the activity of amylase if expressed by

A

Somogyi unit

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25
Q

What is Somogyi unit

A

Expression on the number of milligrams of glucose released in 30mins at 37°C

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26
Q

Somogyi unit to IU

A

multiply by 1.85

27
Q

A starch bound to dye is hydrolyzed by amylase

A

Chromogenic BASTA PAG DYE

28
Q

Increasing color is proportional to anylase activity

A

CHROMOGENIC

29
Q

Disappearance of starch substrate

A

Amyloclastic method

30
Q

Measurement of amylase by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

A

Fluorogenic method

31
Q

Involves the use of fluorescein labelled amylose

A

Fluorescence depolarization methods

32
Q

Basis of abbott TDX amylase assay

A

Fluorescence Depolarization Methods

33
Q

Provides simple and sensitive direct assay but requires special instrumentation

A

Fluorescence Depolarization Method

34
Q

PNPG7

A

p-nitrophenyl-D-maltoheptaoside

35
Q

PNPG3

A

p-nitrophenylmaltotiose

36
Q

PNPG1

A

p-nitrophenylglucoside

37
Q

Uses radio labelled starch substrat for amylase activity determination

A

Radiometric method

38
Q

Uses polyclonal antibodies to produce against salivary or pancreatic isoamylase as antigen

A

Immunologic method

39
Q

Can be used for total amylase measurement

A

Immunologic methods

40
Q

(Optimized at 37°C)
Recommended reference method for amylase determination by IFCC

A

5 ethylidene-4-nitrophenyl glucosides as substrate

41
Q

In the use if 2–chloro-P-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-maltotriose, the presence of (?) causes allosteric changes to amylase

A

Potassium thiocyanate

42
Q

Specimen of choice in maylase determination

A

Unhemolyzed serum and heparinized plasma

43
Q

These should nit be used as these will bind to calcium

A

Oxalate
Citrate
Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA)

44
Q

Stability of amylase in serum and in urine

A

One week at room temp
Several months at 2-8°C

(Urine) Decrease stability with pH less than 5

45
Q

Increases the activity of pancreatic amylase in serum

A

Macroamylasemia

46
Q

This type of sample will increase the amylase values

A

Lipemic sample (lipemia)

47
Q

Bilirubin concentration (?) falsely increases amylase activity

A

> 20mg/dL

48
Q

This hormone will increase amylase activity

A

Insulin

49
Q

Administration of (?) before sampling will lead to falsely increased amylase activity

A

Morphine and opiates

50
Q

Contamination of sample with (1) should be avoided as these contain (2)

A

1 sweat and saliva
2 alpha-amylase

51
Q

Linearity of amylase

A

1500 IU/L
(exceeded linearity: dilute with equal vol of saline and rerun, result x 2)

52
Q

Two major isoenzyme of amylase

A

Pancreatic (P) and Salivary (S) fractions

53
Q

Differentiation of major isoenzyme includes selective inhibition of the S-AMY by what inhibitor

A

Wheat germ inhibitor

54
Q

ACCR

A

Amylase-creatinine clearance ratio

55
Q

Established as an index for screening acute pancreatitis

A

Amylase-creatinine clearance ratio

56
Q

No longer employed becuase of its insensitivity and less specificity for Px with acute pancreatitis

A

Amylase-creatinine clearance ratio

57
Q

How many absorbance is needed for amylase determination?
What is the trend of absorbance?

A

5 absorbance
Increasing trend

58
Q

Long-unbranched polypeptide
alpha 1,4- glycosidic branch

A

Amylose

59
Q

Branched polypeptide
Alpha 1,6-glycosidic branch

A

Amylopectin

60
Q

Amylase determination methods

A

1 amyloclastic method
a viscosimetric
b turbidimetric
c iodometric
d nephelometric
2 saccharogenic method
3 chromogenic method
4 fluorogenic method
5 fluorescence depolarization method
6 radiometric method
7 immunologic method
8 other enzymatic method/ continous monitoring assays
a use of alpha-glucosidase-hexokinase-G6PD system
b use of 5 ethylidene-4-nitrophenyl glycosides as substrate
c 2-chloro-p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D maltrotriose

61
Q

Amylase is detemined by the formula:
mean abs difference/ min x (?)

A

4824

62
Q

Normal values of amylase

A

Serum: up to 96 IU/L
Urine 18 - 330 IU/L

63
Q

Sensitivity of amylase

A

5 IU/L

64
Q

Activators of Amylase

A

Calcium and chloride ions

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 (8 decks)

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