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PH 131 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

0
Q

Inhibin is a hormone

What does it do?

A

Inhibit FSH Secretion

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1
Q

Inhibin is a hormone

Where is it produced?

A

Testes,ovary

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2
Q

All of the hypothalamic secretions target the ___

A

Anterior pituitary gland

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3
Q

What hormone from the neurohypophysis has this function: Increased uterine contractions; increased mild expulsion from mammary glands?

A

Oxytocin

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4
Q

False about growth hormone
A. Also called somatotropin
B.produced in hypothalamus
C.stimulates and maintains growth of most tissues

A

B.produced in hypothalamus

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5
Q

True or false: thyroid-stimulating hormone and melanocyte-stimulating hormone are produced in the hypothalamus

A

False. Sa anterior pituitary sila napproduce

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6
Q

This hormone’s effect is Increased glucocorticoid hormone secretion

A

Adenocorticotropic hormone

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7
Q

Where do lipoproteins come from?

A

Adenohypophysis

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8
Q

This hormone came from the anterior pituitary gland and has this effect:Milk production in lactating women;

A

Prolactin

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9
Q

From anterior pituitary gland

Effect:Follicle maturation and estrogen secretion in ovaries; sperm cell production in testes

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

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10
Q

Thyroid hormones stimulate an increased metabolic rate, yes?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Calcitonin, a hormone that Decreases rate of breakdown of bone by osteoclasts and prevents large increase in blood calcium levels, comes from which part of the thyroid gland?

A

Parafollicular cells

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12
Q

Parathyroid hormone is synergistic with calcitonin, yes?

A

No.antagonistic sila

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13
Q

Both epinephrine and norepinephrine cause blood vessels to constrict in skin, kidneys, GI tract, and other viscera, yes?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Cortisool increases Na+ levels by increasing rate of sodium reabsorption by kidneys, yes?

A

No. Aldosterone does this

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15
Q

False about cortisol

A.increases fat and protein breakdown; b.increases glucose synthesis; c.increases inflammatory response

A

c.increases inflammatory response

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16
Q

Where are androgens produced?

A

Adrenal gland

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17
Q

promotes glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis; made at pancreas

A

Glucagon

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18
Q

Lowers blood glucose levels. If wala, or kulang, pwede ang diabetes mellitus

A

Insulin

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19
Q

regualtes production of sperm cells and development and maintenance of male reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics

A

Testosterone

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20
Q

2 hormones for uterine and mammary gland development and function, external genitalia structure, secondary sex characteristics, menstrual cycle

A

Progesterone and estrogen

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21
Q

Produced by ovaries

increases flexibility of symphysis pubis

A

Relaxin

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22
Q

False about melatonin and Arginine Vasotocin
A. Produced by pineal gland
B. Produced only when the person is sleeping
C.Produced to regulate sleep-wake cycle

A

B. Produced only when the person is sleeping

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23
Q

Produced by adipose tissue

Effect:sensation of satiety; stimulates increased energy expenditure

A

Leptin

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24
Q

Produced by kidneys

signals production of red blood cells

A

Erythropoietin

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25
Q

From thymus gland

Effect:development of immune system

A

Thymosin

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26
Q

___ substances Exert effects on the surrounding cells

A

Paracrine

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27
Q

Substances that are Secreted by cells in a local area and influences the activity of the same cell type from which it was secreted

A

Autocrine

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28
Q

Secreted into the environment; modifies physiology and behavior of other individuals

A

Pheromones

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29
Q

False about Membrane-bound receptors

(1) Generally for lipid-soluble hormones
(2) Directly alter membrane permeability (opening and closing of ion channels e.g. Ach and Na+ channels in skeletal muscle membranes)
(3) Directly alter the activity of enzymes (4) Water-soluble hormones coupling with G proteins to 1 or more intracellular second messengers

A

1) Generally for lipid-soluble hormones

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30
Q

False about intracellular receptors
 (1) Generally for lipid-soluble hormones
(2) indirectly activates genes
 (3) Found either in the cytoplasm or nucleus

A

(2) indirectly activates genes

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31
Q

False about, Proteins,peptides and Amino Acid Derivatives

(1) Most Bind to membrane-bound receptors (except the thyroid hormone)
(2) synthesized at smooth ER
(3) Preprohormones -> prohormones stored in vesicles -> active hormones -> storage.
(4) Secretion: vesicles -> exocytosis (hormones are released into the blood from the vesicles)

A

(2)synthesized at smooth ER

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32
Q 
Follicle stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Anti-diuretic hormone
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Parathyroid hormone

Which is not a glycoprotein hormone?

A

Anti-diuretic hormone

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33
Q

oxytocin, anti-diuretic hormone and luteinizing hormone – Which is not a peptide hormone?

A

Luteinizing hormone

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34
Q

Amino acid derivative hormones come from: __ and ___

A

Adrenal medulla

Thyroid gland

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35
Q 
Steroid hormones are secreted by all except:
Adrenal cortex
Gonads
Stomach
Placenta
A

Stomach

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36
Q

False about eicosanoids
• Include prostacyclins, leukotrienes and prostaglandins
• Bound to membrane bound receptors that are associated with G proteins
• Effects are highly systemic

A

• Effects are highly systemic

Ung totoo: effects are highly local

37
Q

A.One hormone cannot exert its full effect without the presence of another hormone
B. Example: thyroid hormone on sex hormone
C. Quite similar to commensalism

Which is false about permissiveness?

A

C. Quite similar to commensalism

38
Q

What is synergistic hormonal response?

A

When two hormones have the same effect, their combined effects amplify the response.

39
Q

When one hormone oppose the action of another, what type of hormone response is this?

A

Antagonism

40
Q

___ feedback mechanism: after a stimulus causes hormone release, products resulting from the action of hormone tend to suppress its further release

A

Negative

41
Q

__ feedback mechanism:Biological action of hormone causes additional secretion of the hormone

A

Positive

42
Q

False about Water-soluble hormones
a. act on receptors in the plasma membrane
b. Circulate in blood which is bound to plasma protein
C. Examples: polypeptides,protein,amino acid-derived hormones

A

b. Circulate in blood which is bound to plasma protein

They are transported from synthesis sites to target tissues

43
Q

False about lipid-soluble hormones
A. Act on receptors inside cell
B. Diffuse easily across capillaries
C. Examples:steroid and thyroid hormones

A

B. Diffuse easily across capillaries

They do not diffuse easily across capillaries

44
Q 
All of the options below are methods of hormone clearance except
A)binding with tissues
B)excretion by liver into bile
C)excretion via sweat
D)excretion by kidneys into urine
E)metabolic destruction by tissues
A

C)excretion via sweat

45
Q 
Which is the matched hormone-hormone mechanism pair?
A.estrogen:direct gene activation
B.oxytocin:direct gene activation
C.testosterone:second messenger system
D.none of the above
A

A.estrogen:direct gene activation

Testosterone, steroidal hormone: direct gene activation
Oxytocin: protein hormone: second messenger system

46
Q

Three types of endocrine gland stimuli

A

Humoral
Neural
Hormonal

47
Q

False about endocrine gland humoral stimuli:
A.simplest endocrine control
B.indirect response to changing blood vessel
C.example of hormones with this stimulus: aldosterone, insulin, parathyroid hormone

A

B.indirect response to changing blood vessel

Direct dapat

48
Q

T or F. Catecholamines are stimulated by nerve fibers

A

True

49
Q

Regulates the nervous system and endocrine system activities

A

Hypothalamus

50
Q

What organ produces vasopressin and oxytocin?

A

Hypothalamus

51
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located?

A

Sella turcica

52
Q

How is the posterior pituitary gland connected to the hypothalamus?

A

Hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract

53
Q

How is the anterior pituitary gland connected to the hypothalamus?

A

Vascular connections

54
Q

False about ADH
A. Involved in water balance
B. Stimulated by alcoholic beverages and adequate hydration
C. Target kidney tubules via cAMP
D. Vasoconstrictor when released in large amounts

A

B. Stimulated by alcoholic beverages and adequate hydration

Inhibited dapat

55
Q 
False about oxytocin
A.for uterine contraction and milk letdown
B.lack of neural stimuli inhibits it
C.binds to intracellular receptors
D. Affects sexual behavior
A

C.binds to intracellular receptors

56
Q

Questions about propriomelanocortin

A.prohormone from the posterior pituitary
B.source of ACTH, enkephalin, beta-endorphin, lipotropin and melanocyte-stimulating hormone
C. CNS neurotransmitter involved in appetite control

A

A.prohormone from the posterior pituitary

Anterior pituitary dapat

57
Q

What do osmoreceptors do?

A

monitor changes in intercellular osmolality

58
Q

What do baroreceptors do?

A

sense changes in blood pressure

59
Q

Lipotropins cause __

A

Adipose cells to catabolize fat

60
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone decreases production of melanin. True or false?

A

False. Increases dapat :)

61
Q

Thyroid hormones exhibit negative feedback mechanism on thyrotropin. True or false?:)

A

True

62
Q

Follicular cells secrete ___ into lumen of follicle.

A

Thyroglobulin

63
Q
  • Iodine and ___(an amino acid) necessary for production of T3 and T4.
A

Tyrosine

64
Q

False about calcitonin
A. Secreted in follicular cells
B. Lowers blood calcium levels
C. Decrease osteoclast activity

A

A. Secreted in follicular cells

Parafollicular cells dapat

65
Q

Which is false?
A.T4 is also called as thyroxine
B.there is less T4 than T3
C.Can alter number and activity of mitochondria

A

B.there is less T4 than T3

there is more T4 than T3

66
Q

False about parathyroid hormone

A.Increases blood calcium and phosphate levels
B.Stimulates osteoclasts
C.Promotes calcium reabsorption by kidneys and PO4 excretion
D.Increases synthesis of vitamin E

A

D.Increases synthesis of vitamin E

Dapat D :)

67
Q

False about aldosterone
A. Glucocorticoid siya
B. Galing siya sa Zona glomerulosa
C. Increases Rate of sodium reabsorption by kidneys

A

A. Glucocorticoid sya

Mineralocorticoid kasi siya

68
Q 
False about cortisol
A.from zona fasciculata
B. Increases fat and protein breakdown
C.  Mineralocorticoid sya
D. Decreases inflammatory response
A

C. Mineralocorticoid sya

Glucocorticoid dapat

69
Q

All hormones of the adrenal medulla function through G protein mechanisms. True or false?

A

True

70
Q

Alpha cells-secrete insulin
Beta cells-secrete glucagon
Delta cells-secrete somatostatin

Which pairs are mismatched?

A

Alpha cells-secrete insulin
Beta cells-secrete glucagon

Dapat
Alpha cells-secrete glucagon
Beta cells-secrete insulin

71
Q

Effect of glucagon

A

Release of glucose to the blood from liver cells

72
Q

Effect of insulin

A

Lowers blood glucose levels

73
Q

Questions about propriomelanocortin

A.prohormone from the posterior pituitary
B.source of ACTH, enkephalin, beta-endorphin, lipotropin and melanocyte-stimulating hormone
C. CNS neurotransmitter involved in appetite control

A

A.prohormone from the posterior pituitary

Anterior pituitary dapat

74
Q

What do osmoreceptors do?

A

monitor changes in intercellular osmolality

75
Q

What do baroreceptors do?

A

sense changes in blood pressure

76
Q

Lipotropins cause __

A

Adipose cells to catabolize fat

77
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone decreases production of melanin. True or false?

A

False. Increases dapat :)

78
Q

Thyroid hormones exhibit negative feedback mechanism on thyrotropin. True or false?:)

A

True

79
Q

Follicular cells secrete ___ into lumen of follicle.

A

Thyroglobulin

80
Q
  • Iodine and ___(an amino acid) necessary for production of T3 and T4.
A

Tyrosine

81
Q

False about calcitonin
A. Secreted in follicular cells
B. Lowers blood calcium levels
C. Decrease osteoclast activity

A

A. Secreted in follicular cells

Parafollicular cells dapat

82
Q

Which is false?
A.T4 is also called as thyroxine
B.there is less T4 than T3
C.Can alter number and activity of mitochondria

A

B.there is less T4 than T3

there is more T4 than T3

83
Q

False about parathyroid hormone

A.Increases blood calcium and phosphate levels
B.Stimulates osteoclasts
C.Promotes calcium reabsorption by kidneys and PO4 excretion
D.Increases synthesis of vitamin E

A

D.Increases synthesis of vitamin E

Dapat D :)

84
Q

False about aldosterone
A. Glucocorticoid siya
B. Galing siya sa Zona glomerulosa
C. Increases Rate of sodium reabsorption by kidneys

A

A. Glucocorticoid sya

Mineralocorticoid kasi siya

85
Q 
False about cortisol
A.from zona fasciculata
B. Increases fat and protein breakdown
C.  Mineralocorticoid sya
D. Decreases inflammatory response
A

C. Mineralocorticoid sya

Glucocorticoid dapat

86
Q

All hormones of the adrenal medulla function through G protein mechanisms. True or false?

A

True

87
Q

Alpha cells-secrete insulin
Beta cells-secrete glucagon
Delta cells-secrete somatostatin

Which pairs are mismatched?

A

Alpha cells-secrete insulin
Beta cells-secrete glucagon

Dapat
Alpha cells-secrete glucagon
Beta cells-secrete insulin

88
Q

Effect of glucagon

A

Release of glucose to the blood from liver cells

89
Q

Effect of insulin

A

Lowers blood glucose levels

PH 131 (9 decks)

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