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PH 131 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

0
Q

Another name for peristalsis

A

Vermiculation

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1
Q 
The following muscles are involved in mastication except:
A)temporalis
B)masseter
C)medial pterygoid
D)lateral pterygoid
E)anterior pterygoid
A

E)anterior pterygoid

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2
Q

Phaynx and esophagus have tubular mucous glands. True or false?

A

True

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3
Q

Function of cheeks

A

Storage of food and area for chewing/grinding of food

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4
Q

Mumps is type of inflammation of ___

A

Parotid gland

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5
Q

Produces most of nocturnal saliva

A

Submandibular gland

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6
Q

Produces mucin + smallest of three large paired salivary gland

A

Sublingual gland

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7
Q

Lingual,palatine,buccal,labial, and frenular glands are all minor salivary glands. True or false?

A

False. No frenular :)

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8
Q

What do lysozymes break down?

A

Walls of simple bacteria

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9
Q

Antibody that plays critical role in mucosal immunity

A

IgA

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10
Q

Two ions that buffer bacterial acids

A

Bicarbonate and phosphate

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11
Q

Halide that activates amylase

A

Chloride

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12
Q

Small. Round soft mass of chewed food

A

Bolus

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13
Q

Root of tooth is composed of _____]

A

Dentin

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14
Q

tooth Crown is ___ covered by ___

A

Dentin covered by enamel

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15
Q

Within dentin of root. With pulp BVs and nerves

A

Pulp cavity

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16
Q

Another word for swallowing

A

Deglutition

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17
Q

Three phases of swallowing

A

Buccal
Pharyngeal
Esophageal

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18
Q

Movement of bolus into oropharnyx at buccal phase of swallowing is involuntary.true or false?

A

False.voluntary siya :)

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19
Q

What covers larynx to prevent food from entering respi tract?

A

Epiglottis

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20
Q

Pharyngeal phase: voluntary movement from pharynx to esophagus.true or false?

A

False.involuntary mvmt dapat

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21
Q

In pharyngeal phase of swallowing,what parts of the brain get activated?

A

Medulla and pons

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22
Q

Steps of pharyngeal phase of swallowing. Sequence???
A.blockage of nasopharynx with soft palate
B.relax upper esophageal sphincter
C.raise larynx to seal epiglottis
D.blockage of mouth with tongue

A

D A C B

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23
Q

Pharyngeal phase of swallowing is reflex caused by ____ in pharynx

A

Stimulation of strech receptors

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24
Q

In Pharyngeal phase of swallowing: ___ closes nasopharynx. Epiglottis and vestibular folds close opening to ___

A

First blank:soft palate

Second blank:larynx

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25
Q

What part of pharynx moves bolus to esophagus?

A

Pharyngeal muscles

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26
Q

In esophageal phase, epiglottis is still closed.true or false?

A

False.epiglottis reopens here

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27
Q

Peristalsis:rhythmic process of ___control that moves bolus into stomach

A

Medullary

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28
Q

Two cell types that secrete mucus sa stomach

A

Surface mucous cells

Mucous neck cells

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29
Q

Parietal cell secretions include the following except
A.intrinsic factor
B.pepsin
C.HCl

A

B.pepsin

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30
Q

Function of gastrin

A

Stimulate HCl prod

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31
Q

Function of somatostatin

A

Inhibit HCl secretion

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32
Q

These two substances stimulate gastric acid secretion

A

Histamine

Serotonin

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33
Q

All are secretions of enteroendocrine cells except (HCl,gastrin,somatostatin,histamine,serotonin)

A

HCl

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34
Q

Chief cells secrete ___

A

Pepsinogen

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35
Q

What converts pepsinogen to pepsin?

A

HCl

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36
Q

Mucosa in neonates secretes ___ which curdles milk to increase time for gastric processing

A

Rennin

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37
Q

3 phases of stomach digestion include all except (cephalic, gastric, pancreatic, intestinal)

A

Pancreatic

38
Q

Cephalic phase occurs (before,after) enters stomach

A

Before

39
Q

Process of cephalic phase

Sight and thought of food –> ____ —> ___

A

Cerebral cortex then medulla oblongata

40
Q

What cranial nerve transmits signals from medulla for gastric acid secretion?

A

Vagus nerve

41
Q

Phase of digestion at stomach with Greatest volume of gastric acid secretions

A

Gastric phase

42
Q

Food chemicals and (rising,falling) pH levels activates chemoreceptors, stimulating G cells to release gastrin

A

Rising

43
Q

When acidic chyme enters duodenum, gastric secretions are (stimulated, inhibited)

A

Inhibited

44
Q

What does the duodenum produce to inhibit gastric secretion?

A

Secretin

45
Q

If the stomach empties too fast, the efficiency of digestion and absorption in small intestine is (increased,reduced)

A

Reduced

46
Q

If rate of emptying in stomach is too ___,the highly acidic contents of stomach may damage stomach wall

A

Slow

47
Q

Gastric emptying is ___. (Voluntary,involuntary)

A

Involuntary

48
Q

Gastric emptying is inhibited by all except? (Enterogastric reflex, enterogastrones, fat, protein)

A

Protein

49
Q

Hormones that increase stomach secretions (increase,decrease) stomach motility

A

Increase

50
Q

Organ that stores and concentrates bile

A

Gall bladder

51
Q

Gall bladder stimulated by a hormone and a cranial nerve. What is the hormone? Cranial nerve?

A

Cholecystokinin and vagus nerve

52
Q

Pancreatic juice PH

A

7.1-8.2

53
Q

Function of Main pancreatic duct

A

Drains pancreatic juice into duodenum

54
Q

Hepatopancreatic ampulla=main pancreatic duct + ___

A

Bile duct

55
Q

Cholecystokinin (constricts, relaxes) hepatopancreatic sphincter and (stimulates,inhibits) pancreatic enzyme secretion

A

Relaxes, stimulates

56
Q

Secretin is released in response to __ in the intestine

A

HCl

57
Q

Separates right and left liver lobes + suspends liver from diaphragm

A

Falciform ligament

58
Q

Fibrous remnant of fetal umbilical vein

A

Round ligament

59
Q

In liver cirrhosis, damaged hepatocytes do not regenerate because the scar uses up energy to regenerate.t or f?

A

F. The hepatocytes regenerate but the scar is faster. Ending: fatty fibrous and less active liver

60
Q

Spaces bet blood vessels in liver

A

Sinusoids

61
Q

Bile flow:hepatocytes –> __ –>___ –> (+ cystic duct) –> ___ –>ampulla of Vater

A

Bile canaliculi
Small bile ducts
Common bile duct

62
Q

Function of bile

A

Emulsification of ingested fat

63
Q

Yellowing due to overwhelmed liver c/o RBC products

A

Jaundice

64
Q

Waste prod of heme from hemoglobin

A

Bilirubin

65
Q

Gives feces its brown color. Product of bilirubin metab

A

Stercobilin

66
Q

Gives urine yellow color. Prod of bilirubin metab

A

Urobilin or urochrome

67
Q

Bile regulation

Fatty and amino acids in chyme —> ___ –> ___ contractions –> bile secretion

A

Cholecystokinin

Gall bladder

68
Q

T or F.peristalsis occurs in intestines

A

False. Segmentation occurs - alternating contraction and relaxation of non-adjacent segments

69
Q

⬆️intestinal distention –> ___ smooth muscle contraction

A

⬆️

70
Q 
All stimulate intestinal smooth muscle contraction except
A.hypertonic
B.hypotonic
C.low pH
D.high pH
A

D.high pH

71
Q

Local reflexes at ___ plexus mediate small intestine’s responses

A

Enteric

72
Q

Ileocecal sphincter remains mildly contracted most of the time, true or false?

A

True

73
Q

Closure of ileocecal sphicter ➡️__rate of chyme movement ➡️digestion and absorption

A

⬇️

74
Q

Cecum distention ➡️ __contraction of smooth muscles at intestines

A

⬆️

75
Q

Why is bicarbonate secreted at digestion in intestines?

A

Neutralize acidic pH

76
Q

Intestinal secretions solidify chyme to facilitate digestion.true or false?

A

False. It is kept in liq form by these secretions

77
Q

Another name for brush border enzymes

A

Enteropeptidase/enterokinase

78
Q

Which is not function of brush border enzyme?
A.filter chyme and remove waste products
B.convert trypsinogen to trypsin
C.complete carbohydrate and protein in small intestine

A

A.filter chyme and remove waste products

79
Q

What substance stimulates intestinal secretions?

A

Vasoactive intetstinal peptide

80
Q

Major sites of nutrient absorption

A

Duodenum. Jejunum

81
Q

Nutrients:transported in blood to liver via __

A

Hepatic portal circulation

82
Q

All of the ff are unique features of large intestine except (epiploic appendages, brush border, teniae coli and haustra)

A

Brush border

83
Q

Normal flora in colon synthesize the ff except (VitC,VitB-complex,VitK)

A

VitC

84
Q

All are metabolized by colon’s normal flora except (mucin,heparin,hyaluronic acid,chondroitin sulfate)

A

Chondroitin sulfate

85
Q

Fermentation of indigestible carbs leads to __

A

Gas prod or flatulence

86
Q

In large intestine, mechanical digestion is regulated by all except (ileocecal sphincter action, mass peristalsis, haustral contractions, anal canal relaxation)

A

Anal canal relaxation

87
Q

Presence of food stimulates this reflex in large intestine

A

Gastrocolic reflex

88
Q

In haustral contractions, distention by food stimulates local smooth contraction. True or false?

A

True

89
Q

Internal anal sphincter is __ while external one is __ (voluntary, involuntary)

A

Involuntary

Voluntary

90
Q

When cecum is full, ileocolic sphincter relaxes.true or false?

A

False.it contracts

91
Q

When mass mvmt forces feces into rectum, stretch receptors stimulate this reflex

A

Defecation reflex

92
Q

If defecation is delayed, rectum relaxes. True or false?

A

True

PH 131 (9 decks)

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