Endocrine System

Question 0

What are the two categories of hormones

Answer 0

Protein (water soluble and amino acid based) ex: insulin, glucagon, T3/T4, LH,FSH,GH,oxytocin

Steroid (water insoluble) ex: estrogen, testosterone, cortisol, aldosterone

Question 1

What is endocrine

Answer 1

Internal glands of the body that secrete products in the bloodstream

Question 2

What cells do hormones affect

Answer 2

Their target cells only because they have receptors for that hormone

Question 3

Pituitary gland

Answer 3

Master gland, below hypothalamus and is controlled by hypothalamus

Question 4

Anterior pituitary gland

Answer 4

Releases:

GH (bones + muscles) tropic

LH,FSH (reproductive system development) tropic

PRL (mammary gland)

TSH tropic

Question 5

Posterior pituitary gland

Answer 5

Releases:

Oxytocin (contraction of uterus/mammary glands)

ADH (kidneys-promotes water retention)

ACTH (adrenal gland-cortisol)

Question 6

What does tropic hormone mean

Answer 6

Targets abut her gland

Question 7

Pineal gland

Answer 7

Produces melatonin which controls wake/sleep cycle

In cranium

Question 8

Thyroid gland

Answer 8

Produced T3/T4

Main metabolic hormone

Controls basal metabolic rate, HR, mental alertness

Important in ⬆️ nervous system in children

Question 9

Parathyroid gland

Answer 9

Release calcium in blood

4-6 tiny glandular masses that sit on dorsal side of thyroid

Question 10

Thymus gland

Answer 10

Produces thymosin, stimulated lymph nodes to produce mature lymphocytes

Located in neck and around ❤️

Question 11

Pancreas (endocrine)

Answer 11

Produces insulin or glucagon that targets liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscles, controls blood sugar levels

Question 12

How is glucose stored

Answer 12

As glycogen, which is a polysaccharide

Question 13

Adrenal gland-medulla gland

Answer 13

Secretes epinephrine in bloodstream to enhance fight-flight response

Question 14

Adrenal cortex gland

Answer 14

Secretes steroids

Corticosteroids: enhance efficiency of glucose for use in ATP. Cortisol=long term stress adaptation

Aldosterone: targets kidney tubules to Reabsorbs Na

Gonado-steroids: m/f sex hormones, testosterone, estrogen, progesterone

Question 15

What are gonads

Answer 15

Testes/ovaries

Question 16

What does normal development of the tire productive organs require?

Answer 16

LH+FSH from pituitary

Question 17

What controls the pituitary

Answer 17

Nervous system (hypothalamus)

Question 18

Hypothalamus ➡️ TRH ➡️ pituitary TSH ➡️ thyroid ➡️ T3/T4

Answer 18

.

Question 19

Hypothalamus ➡️ CRH ➡️ pituitary ACTH ➡️ adrenal gland ➡️ Cortisol, aldosterone, sex hormone

Answer 19

.

Question 20

Hypothalamus?

Answer 20

Secretes hormones + controls pituitary

Oxytocin+ADH (⬇️ urine output)

Question 21

Thyroid gland

Answer 21

T3/T4 released.

Controls rate at which glucose is converted to body heat/chemical energy

Produces calcitonin which decreases blood calcium levels by depositing calcium in the bones

Question 22

Parathyroid gland

Answer 22

Secretes PTH

Regulates calcium in blood

When levels are too low, osteoclasts breakdown bone matrix and release calcium in blood

Question 23

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 23

slow-acting control system

uses chemical messengers called hormones

controlled growth, development, cellular metabolism, energy balance, water balance, electrolyte balance

Question 24

what are the bases for hormones

Answer 24

amino-acid (peptide and protein) or steroids

Question 25

what are local hormones?

Answer 25

prostaglandins (involved in inflammation reactions)

Question 26

Tropic hormones?

Answer 26

GH, LH, FSH, tsh