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Human Body for Nursing > Cell Membrane > Flashcards

Cell Membrane Flashcards

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1
Q

What do unsaturated phospholipids have?

A

more fluid as well as a double bond which creates a kink in the molecule.

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2
Q

what is entropy?

A

measure of disorder of things

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3
Q

what is osmosis?

A

simple diffusion of water through selectively permeable membrane

(passive process that occurs naturally)

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4
Q

what is a hypotonic solution?

A

solution with a lot of water (ex: solvent)

water moves into RBC and it lyses (bursts)

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5
Q

what is a hypertonic solution?

A

solution with less water (ex: solute)

water moves out of RBC and it becomes dehydrated

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6
Q

in what direction does water move?

A

hypotonic –> hypertonic

down concentration gradient from more water to less water

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7
Q

what makes a solution more hypertonic?

A

the more number of final particles it has

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8
Q

what does isotonic mean?

A

same number of particles inside and outside cell

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9
Q

what happens to RBC when places in hypotonic solution?

A

they lyse

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10
Q

what does the sodium-potassium pump do?

A

exports 3 Na out of cell and imports 2 K in the cell

uses ATP

moves ions against concentration gradient (from low -> high)

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11
Q

what is a hypotonic solution?

A

more particles inside cell than outside

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12
Q

what is a hypertonic solution?

A

more particles outside cell than inside

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13
Q

what is plasma membrane?

A

fragile, transparent barrier that contains cell contents and separates them from the surrounding environment

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14
Q

interior of plasma membrane is impermeable to?

A

most water-soluble molecules.

cholesterol helps keep the membrane fluid

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15
Q

what are proteins responsible for?

A

specialized functions in lipid bilayer throughout cell membrane.

receptors for hormones or other chemical messengers or are binding to sites for anchoring the cell to bikers or other structures

involved in transport

some proteins are enzymes

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16
Q

what are protein channels?

A

water and small water-soluble molecules or ions can move through them

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17
Q

what are carriers?

A

protein that binds to a substance and moves it through the membrane

18
Q

what is a glycoprotein?

A

sugar protein

makes the cell surface sticky due to the sugar

19
Q

what is glycocalyx

A

the fuzzy, sticky surface of the cell which is coated in sugar

20
Q

what do glycoproteins determine?

A

blood type

are receptors for certain bacteria/viruses/toxins

cell to cell recognition

21
Q

when do glycoprotein cells change?

A

when they transform into cancer cells

22
Q

what is a solution?

A

homogenous mixture of 2 or more components

23
Q

what is a solvent?

A

dissolving medium (water)

24
Q

what is a solute?

A

disolved in solvent

25
Q

what is intracellular fluid?

A

contains gasses, nutrients, salts and dissolves into water

26
Q

what is interstitial fluid?

A

continuously bathes the exterior of our cells

27
Q

what is selective permeability?

A

allows some substances to pass through while excluding others

28
Q

what is passive movement?

A

no ATP used

29
Q

what is active movemet?

A

ATP used

30
Q

diffusion?

A

molecules move from high concentration to low concentration (move down their concentration gradient)

temperature and size of molecule affects speed of diffusion

31
Q

what can pass through the hydrophobic barrier?

A

small molecules
lipid-soluble molecules
molecules assisted by membrane carrier

32
Q

simple diffusion?

A

unassisted diffusion of solute through plasma membrane

33
Q

what is filtration?

A

water + solutes are forced through a membrane by fluid with use of pressure gradient from higher to lower pressure

blood cells and large protein molecules are held back

34
Q

active transport?

A

uses ATP

  1. active transport
  2. endocytosis
  3. exocytosis

solute pump allows passage of amino acids, sugars, ions

35
Q

vesicular transport?

A

moves substances in/out of cell without crossing the plasma membrane by endocytosis or exocytosis

36
Q

exocytosis?

A

contents released from cell

ATP used

37
Q

endocytosis?

A

contents brought into cell

38
Q

phagocytosis?

A

cell eating another cell

39
Q

pinocytosis?

A

cell drinking another cell

40
Q

passive transport: facilitated diffusion?

A

no ATP required

  1. simple diffusion (non-polar molecules)
  2. osmosis (hypotonic -> hypertonic)
  3. facilitated diffusion (polar molecules)

Human Body for Nursing (10 decks)

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