Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteria are what type of cell?

A

prokaryotic

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2
Q

Humans are what type of cell?

A

Eukaryotic

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3
Q

What is the size of bacteria cells?

A

Most bacteria range in size from less than 1μm

they are 10-100 times smaller than our cells

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4
Q

What allows bacteria cells to reproduce quickly?

A

Because of their high surface to volume area

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5
Q

What are the parts of a bacteria cell?

A

Envelope (outside surface of the cell)
Structures outside the envelope
Cytoplasm

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6
Q

What does the envelope contain?

A

the bacterial cell can have as many as three layers in its envelope
plasma membrane: found in Gram –negative and Gram-positive bacteria always made of phospholipids

cell wall: found in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria always made up of peptidoglycan

outer membrane: found in Gram-negative bacteria only

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7
Q

What does the cell wall do?

A

all bacteria except mycoplasmas have a rigid, strong cell wall which functions to:

  • give the cell its shape
  • withstand turgor pressure (water pressure) (cell does not burst due to influx of water from hypotonic environment)
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8
Q

What is the cell wall made of?

A

peptidoglycan

glycan: carbohydrate
peptido: peptide

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9
Q

How do the cell walls of gram + and gram - bacteria differ?

A

Gram-negative bacteria have only a single layer of peptidoglycan. *Gram - negative has a much thinner cell wall (peptidoglycan layer).
E-coli is gram negative

the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria consists of many layers of peptidoglycan
*Has a much thicker cell wall

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10
Q

Outer membrane is found where?

A

only in gram - bacteria

has 2 layers of phospholipids: inner is hydrophobic and outer is hydrophilic

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11
Q

What does porin in the outer membrane do?

A

allows important nutrients, 02 and H20 to pass through

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12
Q

lipid A a component of lipoprotein acts as a endotoxin to humans how?

A

produce symptoms: chills, fever, aches, weakness

in extreme cases septic shock

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13
Q

When do endotoxins take effect?

A

When the gram - bacteria die and the cell undergoes lysis (ruptures)

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14
Q

What is periplasm?

A

lies beneath the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria; filled with a gelatinous material containing proteins that are involved in facilitating the movement of nutrients into the cell

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15
Q

What is the plasma membrane?

A
  • phospholipid layer in direct contact with cell wall
  • only part of the envelope surrounding mycoplasmas
  • produce ATP in bacteria cells.
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16
Q

What is a mycoplasma?

A

bacteria without a cell wall

17
Q

What structures are outside the envelope?

A

capsule, flagella, Axial Filaments, pilus, cytoplasm, nucleoid region, ribosomes, plasmids, endospores

18
Q

What does the capsule do?

A
  • is a viscous, sticky, gelatinous substance outside the envelope of certain species of bacteria
  • the capsule contributes to the bacterial virulence b/c it can protect the pathogenic bacteria from phagocytosis by the host’s cells.
  • aids in the attachment of the bacteria to the host’s cells
19
Q

What does the flagella do?

A

movement of cell

20
Q

What does the axial filament do?

A

axial filaments cause the cell to move in a characteristic corkscrew fashion

21
Q

What does the pilus do?

A

hair like structures

allow bacteria to stick to host cell

sex pilus: join two bacteria transfer DNA from one cell to another

22
Q

What does the cytoplasm do?

A

prokaryotic cells is less complex than that of eukaryotic cells b/c of the absence of the various membrane-bound o organelles

23
Q

What does the nucleoid region do?

A
  • contains DNA of bacteria (not surrounded by nuclear envelope)

A bacterium contains a single molecule of double-stranded DNA, known as the bacterial chromosome.

The bacterial chromosome is attached to the plasma membrane.

24
Q

What do ribosomes do?

A

protein synthesis

25
plasmids?
not essential for survival of bacteria carry antibiotic resistant gene produce toxins synthesis of enzymes can be transferred from one bacterium to another
26
endospores?
DNA surrounded by peptidoglycan and protein they can withstand heat, lack of water, and exposure to toxins for many years. they can become alive after many dormant years
27
bacteria cells don't have a nucleus ribosomes: synthesize proteins penicillin: can break down cell wall
.
28
Nucleus?
Store Dna
29
Nucleolus?
Inside nucleus: ribosome and rna synthesis
30
Rough er?
Protein synthesis
31
Smooth er?
Lipid synthesis + detoxifies cells
32
Golgi body?
Sorts/prepared products for exocytosis
33
Mitochondria?
Atp production + consume O2
34
Ribosomes?
Synthesize protein
35
Plasmid?
Gene for antibiotic resistance
36
Nucleoid region?
Carries dna
37
Flagella?
Movement of cell
38
Pili?
Help adhere
39
Endospores?
Highly resistant toxins