endocrine system Flashcards
hormones regulate
growth
sexual dvpmt
homeostasis
metabolism of cells
hormones are divided into 4 chem groups
- fatty acid-derived (prostaglandins)
- steroids/cholesterol-derived (estrogen)
- amino acid-derived (thyroid hormones)
- peptide hormones
release of ADS (_____) controlled by receptors w/in _____ -> detects changes in ______ in blood
antidiuretic hormone
hypothalamus (inside brain)
osmotic pressure
lack of ADS =____ which affects anml with ____ and _____
very dilute urine
uncontrolled thirst and urinate excessively
diabetes mellitus
anml is constantly hyperglycemic (elevated blood sugar lvls)
symptoms of diabetes mellitus
polydipsia (excess thirst)
polyuria (excess urination)
‘dip’sia = dipping in water = thirst
uria = urine
standard treatment for diabetes -
give insulin
what is insulin overdose called
hypoglycemia
hypo = too much
glycemia = glycerol
when stress -> ____ for energy ____
cellular demand
increases
what does the medulla (part of brainstem) release
epinephrine (adrenaline)
epinephrine/adrenaline does what
shaunts/pushes blood supply to areas in need
When under long term stress, ACTH released from _____ and increased _____ maintains adequate ___ to cells
puituitary (below hypothalamas)
cortisol
fuel
___ = produced from amino acid tyrosine combined w/iodine
- increases ____ rate in almost all tissues
thyroid hormones/thyroxine
metabolic
parathyroid hormone
increases blood lvl of calcium
deficiency of vitamin D during childhood results in
rickets
- deforms + weakened bones
what is vitamin D essential for
absorption of calcium from intestinal tract
hypothyroidism means
slowed metabolism
hypo = slow/decrease
thyroidism = metabolism
symptoms of hypothyroidism
lethargy, weight gain, weakness, intolerence to cold, alopecia (hair loss)
hyperadrenocorticism + signs
cushing’s disease
- excessive thirst, urination & appetite, thin skin & hair coat, weakness, panting, enlarged abdomen, lethargy
