endocrine system Flashcards
endocrine gland
secretes hormones carried by blood
exocrine gland
secrete hormones into ducts
endocrine glands examples
pituitary
pineal
thyroid
parathyroid
thymus
pancreas
adrenal
ovaries/testes
prostaglandins
local effect over nearby nearby cells
lipid type hormone
where do hormones travel
bloodstream, to nearby cells, other locations in same cell
steroid hormones
fr cholesterol and lipid soluble
transported through blood w carrier protein
can easily diffuse through the cell membrane
can cause changes in dna transcription
come fr: adrenal gland
non steroid hormones
use second messengers to enter cell
come fr: hypothalamus, anterior/posterior pitutiary, parathyroid, adrenal, thyroid, pancreas
how are hormones regulated
negative feedback
growth hormone
somatotropin
regulate body growth, protein synthesis, cellular rep
oxytocin
fr pituitary gland
stim uterine contractions and milk to boobs
antidiuretic
fr posterior pit
water reabsorbtion
raises blood pressure
pituitary gland
anterior and posterior
2 step process: hypothalamus release hormone travel to pit, then anterior release hormone
- growth hormone released in response to hypothalamus
what inhibits growth hormone
somatostatin
adrenocorticotropic hormone
fr anterior pituitary
stim release cortisol and aldosterone in adrenal cortex
aldosterone
increase reabsorption of Na by kidneys
help w blood pressure reg
up water retention
fr anterior pit
what does thyroid stimulating hormone do
stim release of T3 and T4
released by anterior pit
posterior pituitary
releases hormones made by hypothalamus
release adh and oxytocin
hormones involved in calcium regulation
calcitonin and parathyroid
calcitonin
fr thyroid gland
decreases blood calcium levels(down osteoclastic activ)
parathyroid hormone
fr parathyroid gland
increase calcium lvl and decrease phosphate lvl
stim osteoclastic activ
sim prod vit D
hormones involved with blood glucose reg
insulin
glucagon
cortisol
all fr pancreas
glucagon
fr alpha cells in pancreas
stim liver convert glycogen to glucose(glycogenolysis)
raise glucose lvls
insulin
fr beta cells in pancreas
decrease glucose lvl
stim liver store glucose as glycogen
inhibit gluconeogenesis
somatostatin
fr delta cell
inhibit glucagon and insulin sec
cortisol
fr adrenal cortex
increase glucose lvl by stim liver convert non carb to glucose (gluconeogenesis)
pineal gland
release melatonin
reg sleep wake cycle and menstrual cycle
type 1 diabetes
characterized by absence of insulin
juvenile diabetes
immune system attack insulin producing cells
type 2 diabetes
body does not produce enough insulin or is resistant to insulin
