- right atrium - pacemaker cells - 60 - 100 bpm

- p wave - atrial depolarization before atrial contraction

- ventricular depolarization - also atrial repolarization

cardiovascular Flashcards by Kim Pham

pulmonary circuit

pump blood from heart to lung

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systemic circuit

pump blood from heart to body

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mediastinum

thoracic cavity with heart, esophagus, trachea, vessels, nerves and membranes surrounding heart

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flow of blood in the heart

right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary artery
lung
left atrium
mitral valve
left ventricle
aortic valve
aorta
body

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capillaries

tiny blood vessels where o2 and nutrients can move through easy
- where shit traded for co2

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arteries vs. veins

both
- tunica externa, tunica media, and tunic interna
artery
- small lumen, thick media, thick outer wall

vein
- have valves to prevent blood flow away fr heart

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tunica media

smooth muscle layer or veins and arteries
- regulate blood pressure and flow

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diastole

relaxation of heart chamber(filling)

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systole

contraction of heart chambers(pumping)

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cardiac cycle

rest phase(ventricular diastole)
- atria and ventricle in diastole
- tricuspid/bicuspid valves open
- pulmonary/aortic valves closed
- 70% of blood moved
atrial systole(ventricular diastole)
- atria are open and push blood into ventricles
- tricuspid/bicuspid open
- pulmonary/aortic closed
- 30% blood moved
ventricular systole(atrial diastole)
- pressure in ventricles increase
- tricuspid/bicuspid closes
- pulmonary/aortic open and blood pushed out

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lub

first sound
ventricular systole
closure of atrioventricular valves

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dub

second sound
ventricular diastole
closure of semilunar valves

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ECG

electrocardiogram
show electrical events occur in heart

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node

area of cardiac muscle generate action potential

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sa node (sinoatrial)

right atrium
pacemaker cells
60 - 100 bpm

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av node (atrioventricular)

40-60 bpm
secondary pacemaker

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p wave

p wave
atrial depolarization before atrial contraction

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qrs complex

ventricular depolarization
also atrial repolarization

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electrical path of heart

sa node (atrial contraction)
av node (ventricular contraction)
bundle of his
left and right bundle branches
purkinjie fibers

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t wave

ventricular repolarization

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ekg graph

p wave
qrs complex
t wave

stroke volume

amount of blood pumped out of ventricle fr one contraction
end diastolic volume(edv) - end systolic volume(esv) = sv

cardiac output

amount of blood pumped out left ventricle in 1 minute
stroke volume(sv) x heart rate(hr)

hypertension

high blood pressure

stroke

inadequate or interrupted blood supply to brain ischemic stroke - blocked artery hemorrhagic stroke - leaking/bursting blood vessel transient ischemic attack - temp disrupt blood to brain

ischemia

block/narrowing of blood vessels bc fatty deposits

aneurism

abnormal bulge or ballooning of blood vessel

plasma

liquid component of blood except rbc

what type of tissue is blood considered

connective

avg vol of blood in adult

5 L

oxyhemoglobin

o2 + hemoglobin - bright red color

deoxyhemoglobin

o2 released fr hemoglobin - dull red color, bluish under skin

carbaninohemoglobin

co2 + hemoglobin

hemoatopoiesis

rbc formation

hematopoisis

blood cell formation

process of hematopoiesis

- rbc formation - avg life span rbc = 120 days hemocytoblast to erythroblast(bc erythropoietin) erythrocyte(lose nucleus and mitochondria)

where and what is hemoglobin broken down

liver and spleen break down to iron and biliverdin

granulocytes

neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils neutrophils - large rbc, majority of leukocytes, funct = phagocytosis, first to arrive at infection basophils - large granules, release histamine and heparin eosinophils - small granules, for moderate allergic reactions and parasites

agranulocytes

no granules in cytoplasm monocytes - leukocytes; funct = phagocytosis lymphocytes - large nucleus, b and t cells, for immune supp

antigen

on surface of cell for recognition

antibody

structure in plasma that attach to antigens

agglutination

clumping of non matching type blood cells

blood types(ABO)

type A - no compatible w type b - has A antigen - receive A and O type B - no compatible w type a - has B antigen - can receive B and O type AB - no antibodies that react w A and B - can receive anything type O - has antibody A and B - only receive O

Rh typing

Rh antigen on surface = Rh positive Rh + can get both Rh - must get Rh - Rh antibodies not normally in blood but can develop

hemostasis

process of blood clot vessel constrict stop bleeding platelet aggregation(platelets come and stick together) clotting mechanism activated

fibin

plasma protein threads the weave to form clot

fibrinogen

plasma protein that make fibrin

clotting mechanism

intrinsic - when dmg vessel doesn't leak blood and form clot there extrinsic - blood leaves dmg vessel; activate clotting factor fr tissue surrounding vessel

atherosclerosis

build up of plaque in arteries

embolus

blood clot in lower extremities that travel somewhere else