cardiovascular

Question 1

pulmonary circuit

Answer 1

pump blood from heart to lung

Question 2

systemic circuit

Answer 2

pump blood from heart to body

Question 3

mediastinum

Answer 3

thoracic cavity with heart, esophagus, trachea, vessels, nerves and membranes surrounding heart

Question 4

flow of blood in the heart

Answer 4

right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary artery
lung
left atrium
mitral valve
left ventricle
aortic valve
aorta
body

Question 5

capillaries

Answer 5

tiny blood vessels where o2 and nutrients can move through easy
- where shit traded for co2

Question 6

arteries vs. veins

Answer 6

both
- tunica externa, tunica media, and tunic interna
artery
- small lumen, thick media, thick outer wall

vein
- have valves to prevent blood flow away fr heart

Question 7

tunica media

Answer 7

smooth muscle layer or veins and arteries
- regulate blood pressure and flow

Question 8

diastole

Answer 8

relaxation of heart chamber(filling)

Question 9

systole

Answer 9

contraction of heart chambers(pumping)

Question 10

cardiac cycle

Answer 10

rest phase(ventricular diastole)
- atria and ventricle in diastole
- tricuspid/bicuspid valves open
- pulmonary/aortic valves closed
- 70% of blood moved
atrial systole(ventricular diastole)
- atria are open and push blood into ventricles
- tricuspid/bicuspid open
- pulmonary/aortic closed
- 30% blood moved
ventricular systole(atrial diastole)
- pressure in ventricles increase
- tricuspid/bicuspid closes
- pulmonary/aortic open and blood pushed out

Question 11

lub

Answer 11

first sound
ventricular systole
closure of atrioventricular valves

Question 12

dub

Answer 12

second sound
ventricular diastole
closure of semilunar valves

Question 13

ECG

Answer 13

electrocardiogram
show electrical events occur in heart

Question 14

node

Answer 14

area of cardiac muscle generate action potential

Question 15

sa node (sinoatrial)

Answer 15

• right atrium
• pacemaker cells
• 60 - 100 bpm

Question 16

av node (atrioventricular)

Answer 16

• 40-60 bpm
• secondary pacemaker

Question 17

p wave

Answer 17

• p wave
• atrial depolarization before atrial contraction

Question 18

qrs complex

Answer 18

• ventricular depolarization
• also atrial repolarization

Question 19

electrical path of heart

Answer 19

sa node (atrial contraction)
av node (ventricular contraction)
bundle of his
left and right bundle branches
purkinjie fibers

Question 20

t wave

Answer 20

• ventricular repolarization

Question 21

ekg graph

Answer 21

p wave
qrs complex
t wave

Question 22

stroke volume

Answer 22

amount of blood pumped out of ventricle fr one contraction
end diastolic volume(edv) - end systolic volume(esv) = sv

Question 23

cardiac output

Answer 23

amount of blood pumped out left ventricle in 1 minute
stroke volume(sv) x heart rate(hr)

Question 24

hypertension

Answer 24

high blood pressure

Question 25

stroke

Answer 25

inadequate or interrupted blood supply to brain
ischemic stroke - blocked artery
hemorrhagic stroke - leaking/bursting blood vessel
transient ischemic attack - temp disrupt blood to brain

Question 26

ischemia

Answer 26

block/narrowing of blood vessels bc fatty deposits

Question 27

aneurism

Answer 27

abnormal bulge or ballooning of blood vessel

Question 28

plasma

Answer 28

liquid component of blood except rbc

Question 29

what type of tissue is blood considered

Answer 29

connective

Question 30

avg vol of blood in adult

Answer 30

5 L

Question 31

oxyhemoglobin

Answer 31

o2 + hemoglobin
- bright red color

Question 32

deoxyhemoglobin

Answer 32

o2 released fr hemoglobin
- dull red color, bluish under skin

Question 33

carbaninohemoglobin

Answer 33

co2 + hemoglobin

Question 34

hemoatopoiesis

Answer 34

rbc formation

Question 35

hematopoisis

Answer 35

blood cell formation

Question 36

process of hematopoiesis

Answer 36

• rbc formation
• avg life span rbc = 120 days
  hemocytoblast to
  erythroblast(bc erythropoietin)
  erythrocyte(lose nucleus and mitochondria)

Question 37

where and what is hemoglobin broken down

Answer 37

liver and spleen
break down to iron and biliverdin

Question 38

granulocytes

Answer 38

neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils

neutrophils
- large rbc, majority of leukocytes, funct =
phagocytosis, first to arrive at infection
basophils
- large granules, release histamine and heparin
eosinophils
- small granules, for moderate allergic reactions and
parasites

Question 39

agranulocytes

Answer 39

no granules in cytoplasm

monocytes
- leukocytes; funct = phagocytosis
lymphocytes
- large nucleus, b and t cells, for immune supp

Question 40

antigen

Answer 40

on surface of cell for recognition

Question 41

antibody

Answer 41

structure in plasma that attach to antigens

Question 42

agglutination

Answer 42

clumping of non matching type blood cells

Question 43

blood types(ABO)

Answer 43

type A
- no compatible w type b
- has A antigen
- receive A and O
type B
- no compatible w type a
- has B antigen
- can receive B and O
type AB
- no antibodies that react w A and B
- can receive anything
type O
- has antibody A and B
- only receive O

Question 44

Rh typing

Answer 44

Rh antigen on surface = Rh positive
Rh + can get both
Rh - must get Rh -
Rh antibodies not normally in blood but can develop

Question 45

hemostasis

Answer 45

process of blood clot

vessel constrict stop bleeding
platelet aggregation(platelets come and stick together)
clotting mechanism activated

Question 46

fibin

Answer 46

plasma protein threads the weave to form clot

Question 47

fibrinogen

Answer 47

plasma protein that make fibrin

Question 48

clotting mechanism

Answer 48

intrinsic - when dmg vessel doesn’t leak blood and form clot there

extrinsic - blood leaves dmg vessel; activate clotting factor fr tissue surrounding vessel

Question 49

atherosclerosis

Answer 49

build up of plaque in arteries

Question 50

embolus

Answer 50

blood clot in lower extremities that travel somewhere else