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Med Term > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

adrenal glands

A

regulate electrolyte levels, influence metabolism and respond to stress

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2
Q

gonads

A

gamete(sex cell) producing gland

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3
Q

testicles

A

sperm producing gland

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4
Q

ovaries

A

ova producing gland

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5
Q

pancreatic islets

A

control blood sugar levels and glucose metabolism

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6
Q

parathyroid

A

regulate calcium levels throughout the body

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7
Q

pineal gland

A

influences the sleep wakefulness cycle

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8
Q

pituitary gland

A

secretes hormones that control the activity of the other endocrine glands

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9
Q

thymus

A

plays a major role in the immune reaction

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10
Q

thyroid gland

A

stimulates metabolism, growth and the activity of the nervous system

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11
Q

adren/o

A

adrenal glands

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12
Q

gonad/o

A

gonads

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13
Q

testic/o

A

testicles

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14
Q

ovari/o

A

ovaries

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15
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreatic islets

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16
Q

parathyroid/o

A

parathyroid glands

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17
Q

pineal/o

A

pineal gland

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18
Q

pituit/o
pituitar/o

A

pituitary gland

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19
Q

thym/o

A

thymus

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20
Q

thyr/o
thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland

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21
Q

acr/o

A

extremities (hands and feet), top, extreme point

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22
Q

crin/o

A

secrete

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23
Q

-dipsia

A

thirst

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24
Q

glyc/o

A

glucose, sugar

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25
Q

-ism

A

condition, state of

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26
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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27
Q

poly-

A

many

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28
Q

somat/o

A

body

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29
Q

acromegaly

A

rare chronic disease characterized by abnormal enlargement of the extremities (hands and feet) caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty

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30
Q

addison’s disease

A

occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone

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31
Q

adrenalitis

A

inflamation of the adrenal glands

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32
Q

aldosteronism

A

abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone

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33
Q

antidiuretic hormone

A

hormone that helps control blood pressure by reducing the amount of water that is excreted through the kidneys

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34
Q

calcitonin

A

hormone that works with the parathyroid hormone to decrease calcium levels in the blood and tissues

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35
Q

conn’s syndrome

A

disorder of the adrenal glands due to excessive prodution of aldosterone

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36
Q

conn’s syndrome

A

disorder of the adrenal glands due to excessive production of aldosterone

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37
Q

cortisol

A

hormone that has an anti-inflammatory action; also regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the body

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38
Q

cretinism

A

congenital form of hypothyroidism that if not treated soon after birth causes arrested physical and mental development

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39
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

condition caused by the overproduction of cortisol by the body or by taking corticosteroids to treat inflammatory diseases such as asthma and rheumatoid arthritis; also known as hypercortisolism

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40
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

condition caused by insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or by the inability of the kidneys to respond to ADH

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41
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both

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42
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

injury to the eye, occurs when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels in the retina of the eye

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43
Q

electrolytes

A

mineral substances such as sodium and potassium normally found in the blood

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44
Q

epinephrine

A

hormone stimulates the sympathetic nervous system in response to physical injury or to mental stress such as fear, also known as adrenaline

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45
Q

estrogen

A

hormone with an important role in the development and maintenance of the female secondary sex characteristics and the regulation of the menstrual cycle

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46
Q

exophthalmos

A

abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit

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47
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone

A

hormone that stimulates the secretion of the estrogen and the growth of the ova in the ovaries of the female. in the male it stimulates the production of sperm in the testicles

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48
Q

fructosamine test

A

blood test measures average glucose levels over the past 3 weeks

49
Q

gestational diabetes mellitus

A

form of diabetes that occurs during some pregnancies

50
Q

gigantism

A

abnormal growth of the entire body that is caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone before puberty

51
Q

glucagon

A

hormone that increases the amount of glucose in the bloodstream by stimulating the liver to convert glycogen into glucose

52
Q

glucose

A

basic form of energy used by the body known as blood sugar

53
Q

Graves’ disease

A

disorder of unknown cause where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland and stimulates it to make excessive amounts of thyroid hormone, resulting in hyperthyroidism

54
Q

growth hormone

A

hormone that regulates the growth of bone, muscle and other body tissues

55
Q

gynecomastia

A

condition of excessive mammary development in the male

56
Q

Hashimoto’s disease

A

autoimmune disease in which the body’s own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland

57
Q

hypercalcemia

A

abnormally high concentrations of calcium circulating in the blood instead of being stored in the bones and teeth

58
Q

hyperglycemia

A

abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood

59
Q

hyperinsulinism

A

condition marked by excessive secretion of insulin in the bloodstream

60
Q

hyperpituitarism

A

excessive secretion of growth hormone that causes acromegaly and gigantism

61
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

overproduction of thyroid hormones, causing an imbalance of metabolism

62
Q

hypoglycemia

A

abnormally low concentration of glucose(sugar) in the blood

63
Q

hypothyroidism

A

deficiency of thyroid secretion, also known as underactive thyroid

64
Q

insulin

A

hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets in response to high levels of glucose in the bloodstream. its function is to allow glucose to enter cells for energy or to stimulate the liver to convert glucose to glycogen for storage.

65
Q

insulinoma

A

benign tumor of the pancreas that causes hypoglycemia

66
Q

ketosis

A

normal metabolic process that helps the body utilize stored fat when other sources of energy are lacking

67
Q

laparoscopic adrenalectomy

A

minimally invasive procedure to surgically remove one or both adrenal glands

68
Q

leptin

A

protein hormone secreted by fat cells that is involved in the regulation of appetite

69
Q

luteinizing hormone

A

hormone that stimulates ovulation in the female and production of the female sex hormone progesterone. in the male it stimulates the secretion of testosterone.

70
Q

myxedema

A

severe form of adult hypothyroidism

71
Q

norepinephrine

A

combination of a hormone and a neurohormone that plays an important role in the “fight or flight response”

72
Q

oxytocin

A

hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth

73
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

74
Q

parathyroidectomy

A

surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands

75
Q

pituitary adenoma

A

one of two types of slow growing, benign tumors of the pituitary gland that may or may not cause excess hormone secretion

76
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

77
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive hunger

78
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

79
Q

prediabetes

A

condition in which the blood sugar level is higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes

80
Q

progesterone

A

hormone, whose function is to complete the preparation of the uterus for pregnancy is released during the second half of the menstrual cycle by the corpus luteum in the ovary

81
Q

prolactinoma

A

benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes the gland to produce too much prolactin

82
Q

puberty

A

process of physical changes by which a child’s body becomes an adult body that is capable of reproducing

83
Q

radioactive iodine treatment

A

oral administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells

84
Q

steroids

A

large family of hormonelike substances that share the same fat-soluble chemical structure

85
Q

testosterone

A

steroid hormone secreted by the testes and the adrenal cortex that stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics

86
Q

thymectomy

A

surgical removal of the thymus gland

87
Q

thymitis

A

inflammation of the thymus gland

88
Q

thymosin

A

hormone secreted by the thymus gland that stimulates the maturation of lymphocytes into T cells of the immune system

89
Q

thyroxine

A

one of the primary hormones secreted by the thyroid gland that regulate the rate of metabolism and affect the growth and rate of function of other body systems

90
Q

endo-

A

means within

91
Q

-crine

A

means to secrete

92
Q

hypophysis

A

pituitary gland - pea sized gland

93
Q

ALD

A

aldosterone

94
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone

95
Q

DI

A

diabetes insipidus

96
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus

97
Q

Epi
EPI

A

epinephrine

98
Q

FBS

A

fasting blood sugar

99
Q

FA

A

fructosamine test

100
Q

GD

A

Graves’ disease

101
Q

HG

A

hypoglycemia

102
Q

LADA

A

latent autoimmune diabetes

103
Q

LEP
LPT

A

leptin (Leptin is a hormone that helps regulate your body weight by controlling your appetite and energy level.)

104
Q

TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

105
Q

a.c.

A

before meals

106
Q

p.c.

A

after meals

107
Q

Ca

A

Calcium

108
Q

K+

A

potassium

109
Q

Na+

A

sodium

110
Q

DKA

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis

111
Q

DM

A

Diabetes Mellitus

112
Q

Epi

A

Epinephrine

113
Q

FBS

A

Fasting blood sugar

114
Q

GTT

A

Glucose tolerance test

115
Q

Hb
Hgb

A

hemoglobin

116
Q

HCG

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin

117
Q

IDDM

A

insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

118
Q

NIDDM

A

Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

119
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

Med Term (22 decks)

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