Endocrine System Flashcards
1
Q
adrenal glands
A
regulate electrolyte levels, influence metabolism and respond to stress
2
Q
gonads
A
gamete(sex cell) producing gland
3
Q
testicles
A
sperm producing gland
4
Q
ovaries
A
ova producing gland
5
Q
pancreatic islets
A
control blood sugar levels and glucose metabolism
6
Q
parathyroid
A
regulate calcium levels throughout the body
7
Q
pineal gland
A
influences the sleep wakefulness cycle
8
Q
pituitary gland
A
secretes hormones that control the activity of the other endocrine glands
9
Q
thymus
A
plays a major role in the immune reaction
10
Q
thyroid gland
A
stimulates metabolism, growth and the activity of the nervous system
11
Q
adren/o
A
adrenal glands
12
Q
gonad/o
A
gonads
13
Q
testic/o
A
testicles
14
Q
ovari/o
A
ovaries
15
Q
pancreat/o
A
pancreatic islets
16
Q
parathyroid/o
A
parathyroid glands
17
Q
pineal/o
A
pineal gland
18
Q
pituit/o
pituitar/o
A
pituitary gland
19
Q
thym/o
A
thymus
20
Q
thyr/o
thyroid/o
A
thyroid gland
21
Q
acr/o
A
extremities (hands and feet), top, extreme point
22
Q
crin/o
A
secrete
23
Q
-dipsia
A
thirst
24
Q
glyc/o
A
glucose, sugar
25
-ism
condition, state of
26
pancreat/o
pancreas
27
poly-
many
28
somat/o
body
29
acromegaly
rare chronic disease characterized by abnormal enlargement of the extremities (hands and feet) caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty
30
addison's disease
occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone
31
adrenalitis
inflamation of the adrenal glands
32
aldosteronism
abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone
33
antidiuretic hormone
hormone that helps control blood pressure by reducing the amount of water that is excreted through the kidneys
34
calcitonin
hormone that works with the parathyroid hormone to decrease calcium levels in the blood and tissues
35
conn's syndrome
disorder of the adrenal glands due to excessive prodution of aldosterone
36
conn's syndrome
disorder of the adrenal glands due to excessive production of aldosterone
37
cortisol
hormone that has an anti-inflammatory action; also regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the body
38
cretinism
congenital form of hypothyroidism that if not treated soon after birth causes arrested physical and mental development
39
Cushing's syndrome
condition caused by the overproduction of cortisol by the body or by taking corticosteroids to treat inflammatory diseases such as asthma and rheumatoid arthritis; also known as hypercortisolism
40
diabetes insipidus
condition caused by insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or by the inability of the kidneys to respond to ADH
41
diabetes mellitus
group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both
42
diabetic retinopathy
injury to the eye, occurs when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels in the retina of the eye
43
electrolytes
mineral substances such as sodium and potassium normally found in the blood
44
epinephrine
hormone stimulates the sympathetic nervous system in response to physical injury or to mental stress such as fear, also known as adrenaline
45
estrogen
hormone with an important role in the development and maintenance of the female secondary sex characteristics and the regulation of the menstrual cycle
46
exophthalmos
abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit
47
follicle-stimulating hormone
hormone that stimulates the secretion of the estrogen and the growth of the ova in the ovaries of the female. in the male it stimulates the production of sperm in the testicles
48
fructosamine test
blood test measures average glucose levels over the past 3 weeks
49
gestational diabetes mellitus
form of diabetes that occurs during some pregnancies
50
gigantism
abnormal growth of the entire body that is caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone before puberty
51
glucagon
hormone that increases the amount of glucose in the bloodstream by stimulating the liver to convert glycogen into glucose
52
glucose
basic form of energy used by the body known as blood sugar
53
Graves' disease
disorder of unknown cause where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland and stimulates it to make excessive amounts of thyroid hormone, resulting in hyperthyroidism
54
growth hormone
hormone that regulates the growth of bone, muscle and other body tissues
55
gynecomastia
condition of excessive mammary development in the male
56
Hashimoto's disease
autoimmune disease in which the body's own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland
57
hypercalcemia
abnormally high concentrations of calcium circulating in the blood instead of being stored in the bones and teeth
58
hyperglycemia
abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood
59
hyperinsulinism
condition marked by excessive secretion of insulin in the bloodstream
60
hyperpituitarism
excessive secretion of growth hormone that causes acromegaly and gigantism
61
hyperthyroidism
overproduction of thyroid hormones, causing an imbalance of metabolism
62
hypoglycemia
abnormally low concentration of glucose(sugar) in the blood
63
hypothyroidism
deficiency of thyroid secretion, also known as underactive thyroid
64
insulin
hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets in response to high levels of glucose in the bloodstream. its function is to allow glucose to enter cells for energy or to stimulate the liver to convert glucose to glycogen for storage.
65
insulinoma
benign tumor of the pancreas that causes hypoglycemia
66
ketosis
normal metabolic process that helps the body utilize stored fat when other sources of energy are lacking
67
laparoscopic adrenalectomy
minimally invasive procedure to surgically remove one or both adrenal glands
68
leptin
protein hormone secreted by fat cells that is involved in the regulation of appetite
69
luteinizing hormone
hormone that stimulates ovulation in the female and production of the female sex hormone progesterone. in the male it stimulates the secretion of testosterone.
70
myxedema
severe form of adult hypothyroidism
71
norepinephrine
combination of a hormone and a neurohormone that plays an important role in the "fight or flight response"
72
oxytocin
hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth
73
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
74
parathyroidectomy
surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands
75
pituitary adenoma
one of two types of slow growing, benign tumors of the pituitary gland that may or may not cause excess hormone secretion
76
polydipsia
excessive thirst
77
polyphagia
excessive hunger
78
polyuria
excessive urination
79
prediabetes
condition in which the blood sugar level is higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes
80
progesterone
hormone, whose function is to complete the preparation of the uterus for pregnancy is released during the second half of the menstrual cycle by the corpus luteum in the ovary
81
prolactinoma
benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes the gland to produce too much prolactin
82
puberty
process of physical changes by which a child's body becomes an adult body that is capable of reproducing
83
radioactive iodine treatment
oral administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells
84
steroids
large family of hormonelike substances that share the same fat-soluble chemical structure
85
testosterone
steroid hormone secreted by the testes and the adrenal cortex that stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics
86
thymectomy
surgical removal of the thymus gland
87
thymitis
inflammation of the thymus gland
88
thymosin
hormone secreted by the thymus gland that stimulates the maturation of lymphocytes into T cells of the immune system
89
thyroxine
one of the primary hormones secreted by the thyroid gland that regulate the rate of metabolism and affect the growth and rate of function of other body systems
90
endo-
means within
91
-crine
means to secrete
92
hypophysis
pituitary gland - pea sized gland
93
ALD
aldosterone
94
ADH
antidiuretic hormone
95
DI
diabetes insipidus
96
DM
diabetes mellitus
97
Epi
EPI
epinephrine
98
FBS
fasting blood sugar
99
FA
fructosamine test
100
GD
Graves' disease
101
HG
hypoglycemia
102
LADA
latent autoimmune diabetes
103
LEP
LPT
leptin (Leptin is a hormone that helps regulate your body weight by controlling your appetite and energy level.)
104
TSH
thyroid stimulating hormone
105
a.c.
before meals
106
p.c.
after meals
107
Ca
Calcium
108
K+
potassium
109
Na+
sodium
110
DKA
Diabetic ketoacidosis
111
DM
Diabetes Mellitus
112
Epi
Epinephrine
113
FBS
Fasting blood sugar
114
GTT
Glucose tolerance test
115
Hb
Hgb
hemoglobin
116
HCG
Human chorionic gonadotropin
117
IDDM
insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
118
NIDDM
Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
119
TSH
Thyroid stimulating hormone
