Digestive System Flashcards
1
Q
Upper GI Tract
A
Mouth
Pharynx
esophagus
stomach
2
Q
Lower GI Tract
A
small intestine
large intestine
3
Q
accessory organs
A
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
4
Q
or/o
stomat/o
A
mouth
begins preparation of food for digestion
5
Q
pharyng/o
A
pharynx
transports food from mouth to esophagus
6
Q
esophag/o
A
esophagus
transports food from the pharynx to stomach
7
Q
gastr/o
A
stomach
breaks down food and mixes it with gastric juices
8
Q
enter/o
A
small intestine
mixes chyme from stomach with digestive juices to complete digestion and absorption of most nutrients
9
Q
col/o
colon/o
A
large intestine
absorbs excess water and prepares solid waste for elimination
10
Q
an/o
proct/o
rect/o
A
rectum and anus
control the excretion of solid waste
11
Q
hepat/o
A
liver
secretes bile and enzymes to aid in digestion of fats
12
Q
cholecyst/o
A
gallbladder
stores bile and releases into the small intestine as needed
13
Q
pancreat/o
A
pancreas
secretes digestive juices and enzymes
into small intestine as needed
14
Q
an/o
A
anus, ring
15
Q
chol/e
A
bile, gall
16
Q
cholecyst/o
A
gallbladder
17
Q
col/o
colon/o
A
colon
large intestine
18
Q
-emesis
A
vomiting
19
Q
enter/o
A
small intestine
20
Q
esophag/o
A
esophagus
21
Q
gastr/o
A
stomach, belly
22
Q
hepat/o
A
liver
23
Q
-lithiasis
A
presence of stones
24
Q
-pepsia
A
digest, digestion
25
-phagia
eating, swallowing
26
proct/o
anus and rectum
27
rect/o
rectum, straight
28
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
29
aerophagia
excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking
common cause of gas in stomach
30
anastomosis
surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures; plural, anatomoses
31
antiemetic
medication administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting
32
aphthous ulcers
gray-white pits with a red border that appear in the soft tissues lining the mouth; also known as canker sores or mouth ulcers
33
ascites
abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
34
bariatrics
branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases
35
borborygmus
rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine
36
cachesia
condition of physical wasting away due to loss of weight, muscle mass occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS
37
celiac disease
inherited autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to food containing gluten; also known as gluten intolerance
38
cheilosis
disorder of the lips characterized by cracklike sores at the corners of the mouth
39
cholangiography
radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium
40
cholangitis
acute inflammation of the bile duct characterized by pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, fever and jaundice
41
cholecystectomy
surgical removal of the gallbladder
42
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder; usually associated with gallstones
43
choledocholithotomy
incision into the common bile duct for the removal gallstones
44
cholelithiasis
presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts
45
cirrhosis
progressive degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring
46
colonoscopy
direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon, from the rectum to the cecum
47
colostomy
surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surfacy
48
crohn's disease
chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; most often found in the ileum and colon
49
dental prophylaxis
professional cleaning of the teeth to remove plaque and calculus
50
diverticulitis
inflammation or infection of one or more diverticula in the colon
51
diverticulosis
chronic presence of abnormal number of diverticula in the colon
52
dyspepsia
pain discomfort in digestion; also known as indigestion
53
dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing
54
enema
placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity
55
enteritis
inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens
56
eructation
belching or raising gas orally from the stomach
57
esophageal varices
enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus
58
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract; includes the esophagus, stomach and upper duodenum
59
gastroduodenostomy
establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum
60
gastroesophageal reflux disease
upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus; also known as GERD
61
gastrostomy tube
surgical placement of a feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly into the stomach
62
hematemesis
vomiting of blood
63
hemoccult test
laboratory test for hidden blood in the stools; also known as fecal occult blood test.
64
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver usually caused by a viral infection
65
herpes labialis
blister like sores on the lips and adjacent tissue caused by the oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); also known as cold sores or fever blisters
66
hiatal hernia
anatomical abnormality where a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest through and opening in the diaphragm
67
hyperemesis
extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration
68
ileus
partial or complete blockage of the small intestine, large intestine or both caused by the stopping of normal peristalsis
69
inguinal hernia
protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin
70
jaundice
yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes and eyes caused by greater than normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood
71
leukoplakia
abnormal white precancerous lesion (sore) develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek
72
melena
passage of black, tarry, foul-smelling stools caused by the presence of digested blood
73
morbid obesity
condition of weighing two or more times the ideal weight or having a body mass index value greater than 40; also known as severe obesity
74
nasogastric intubation
placement of a feeding tube through the nose into the stomach
75
obesity
excessive accumulation of fat in the body
76
palatoplasty
surgical repair of a cleft palate or cleft lip
77
peptic ulcers
sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system caused by the bacterium helicobacter pylorior by medications such as aspirin that irritate the mucous membranes
78
peristalsis
series of wavelike contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction that moves the food forward into the digestive system
79
polyp
mushroom like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane; not all polyps are malignant
80
proctologist
physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum and anus
81
regurgitation
return of swallowed food into the mouth
82
salmonellosis
infectious disease of the intestines transmitted by food contaminated with feces; also referred to as salmonella
83
sigmoidoscopy
endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon and possibly a portion of the descending colon
84
stomatitis
inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth
85
trismus
restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer
86
ulcerative colitis
chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation
87
volvulus
twisting of the intestine upon itself causing an obstruction
88
xerostomia
lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands; also known as dry mouth
