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Med Term > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Upper GI Tract

A

Mouth
Pharynx
esophagus
stomach

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2
Q

Lower GI Tract

A

small intestine
large intestine

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3
Q

accessory organs

A

liver
gallbladder
pancreas

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4
Q

or/o
stomat/o

A

mouth
begins preparation of food for digestion

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5
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx
transports food from mouth to esophagus

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6
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus
transports food from the pharynx to stomach

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7
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach
breaks down food and mixes it with gastric juices

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8
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine
mixes chyme from stomach with digestive juices to complete digestion and absorption of most nutrients

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9
Q

col/o
colon/o

A

large intestine
absorbs excess water and prepares solid waste for elimination

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10
Q

an/o
proct/o
rect/o

A

rectum and anus
control the excretion of solid waste

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11
Q

hepat/o

A

liver
secretes bile and enzymes to aid in digestion of fats

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12
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder
stores bile and releases into the small intestine as needed

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13
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas
secretes digestive juices and enzymes
into small intestine as needed

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14
Q

an/o

A

anus, ring

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15
Q

chol/e

A

bile, gall

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16
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

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17
Q

col/o
colon/o

A

colon
large intestine

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18
Q

-emesis

A

vomiting

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19
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

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20
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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21
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach, belly

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22
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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23
Q

-lithiasis

A

presence of stones

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24
Q

-pepsia

A

digest, digestion

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25
Q

-phagia

A

eating, swallowing

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26
Q

proct/o

A

anus and rectum

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27
Q

rect/o

A

rectum, straight

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28
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

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29
Q

aerophagia

A

excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking
common cause of gas in stomach

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30
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures; plural, anatomoses

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31
Q

antiemetic

A

medication administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting

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32
Q

aphthous ulcers

A

gray-white pits with a red border that appear in the soft tissues lining the mouth; also known as canker sores or mouth ulcers

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33
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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34
Q

bariatrics

A

branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases

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35
Q

borborygmus

A

rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine

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36
Q

cachesia

A

condition of physical wasting away due to loss of weight, muscle mass occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS

37
Q

celiac disease

A

inherited autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to food containing gluten; also known as gluten intolerance

38
Q

cheilosis

A

disorder of the lips characterized by cracklike sores at the corners of the mouth

39
Q

cholangiography

A

radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium

40
Q

cholangitis

A

acute inflammation of the bile duct characterized by pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, fever and jaundice

41
Q

cholecystectomy

A

surgical removal of the gallbladder

42
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder; usually associated with gallstones

43
Q

choledocholithotomy

A

incision into the common bile duct for the removal gallstones

44
Q

cholelithiasis

A

presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts

45
Q

cirrhosis

A

progressive degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring

46
Q

colonoscopy

A

direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon, from the rectum to the cecum

47
Q

colostomy

A

surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surfacy

48
Q

crohn’s disease

A

chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; most often found in the ileum and colon

49
Q

dental prophylaxis

A

professional cleaning of the teeth to remove plaque and calculus

50
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation or infection of one or more diverticula in the colon

51
Q

diverticulosis

A

chronic presence of abnormal number of diverticula in the colon

52
Q

dyspepsia

A

pain discomfort in digestion; also known as indigestion

53
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

54
Q

enema

A

placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity

55
Q

enteritis

A

inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens

56
Q

eructation

A

belching or raising gas orally from the stomach

57
Q

esophageal varices

A

enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus

58
Q

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

A

endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract; includes the esophagus, stomach and upper duodenum

59
Q

gastroduodenostomy

A

establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum

60
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease

A

upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus; also known as GERD

61
Q

gastrostomy tube

A

surgical placement of a feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly into the stomach

62
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood

63
Q

hemoccult test

A

laboratory test for hidden blood in the stools; also known as fecal occult blood test.

64
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver usually caused by a viral infection

65
Q

herpes labialis

A

blister like sores on the lips and adjacent tissue caused by the oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); also known as cold sores or fever blisters

66
Q

hiatal hernia

A

anatomical abnormality where a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest through and opening in the diaphragm

67
Q

hyperemesis

A

extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration

68
Q

ileus

A

partial or complete blockage of the small intestine, large intestine or both caused by the stopping of normal peristalsis

69
Q

inguinal hernia

A

protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin

70
Q

jaundice

A

yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes and eyes caused by greater than normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood

71
Q

leukoplakia

A

abnormal white precancerous lesion (sore) develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek

72
Q

melena

A

passage of black, tarry, foul-smelling stools caused by the presence of digested blood

73
Q

morbid obesity

A

condition of weighing two or more times the ideal weight or having a body mass index value greater than 40; also known as severe obesity

74
Q

nasogastric intubation

A

placement of a feeding tube through the nose into the stomach

75
Q

obesity

A

excessive accumulation of fat in the body

76
Q

palatoplasty

A

surgical repair of a cleft palate or cleft lip

77
Q

peptic ulcers

A

sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system caused by the bacterium helicobacter pylorior by medications such as aspirin that irritate the mucous membranes

78
Q

peristalsis

A

series of wavelike contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction that moves the food forward into the digestive system

79
Q

polyp

A

mushroom like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane; not all polyps are malignant

80
Q

proctologist

A

physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum and anus

81
Q

regurgitation

A

return of swallowed food into the mouth

82
Q

salmonellosis

A

infectious disease of the intestines transmitted by food contaminated with feces; also referred to as salmonella

83
Q

sigmoidoscopy

A

endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon and possibly a portion of the descending colon

84
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth

85
Q

trismus

A

restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer

86
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation

87
Q

volvulus

A

twisting of the intestine upon itself causing an obstruction

88
Q

xerostomia

A

lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands; also known as dry mouth

Med Term (22 decks)

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