Chapter 2 Flashcards
1
Q
aden/o
A
gland
2
Q
adip/o
A
fat
3
Q
anter/o
A
before, front
4
Q
caud/o
A
lower part of body, tail
5
Q
cephal/o
A
head
6
Q
cyt/o, -cyte
A
cell
7
Q
end-, endo-
A
in, within, inside
8
Q
exo-
A
out of, outside, away from
9
Q
hist/o
A
tissue
10
Q
-ologist
A
specialist
11
Q
-ology
A
the science or study of
12
Q
path/o, -pathy
A
disease, suffering, feeling, emotion
13
Q
poster/o
A
behind, toward the back
14
Q
-stasis, -static
A
control, maintenance of a constant level
15
Q
abdominal cavity
A
the body cavity that contains the major organs of digetstion
16
Q
adenectomy
A
the surgical removal of a gland
17
Q
adenocarcinoma
A
a malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue.
18
Q
adenoma
A
a benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue
19
Q
adenomalacia
A
abnormal softening of a gland
20
Q
adenosclerosis
A
abnormal hardening of a gland
21
Q
anaplasia
A
a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other
22
Q
anatomy
A
the study of the structures of the body
23
Q
anomaly
A
a deviation from what is regarded as normal
24
Q
anterior
A
situated in front
25
aplasia
the defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue
26
bloodborne transmission
The spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids contaminated with blood.
27
caudal
Toward the lower part of the body
28
cephalic
Toward the head
29
Chromosome
a genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell
30
communicable disease
any disease transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects
31
congenital disorder
an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth
32
cytoplasm
the material located within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
33
distal
situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure
34
dorsal
Back of the body or organ
35
dysplasia
abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
36
endemic
referring to the ongoing presence of a disease, such as the common cold,
within a population, group , or area
37
endocrine glands
glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
38
epidemic
a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area
39
epigastric region
the region located above the stomach
40
etiology
the study of the causes of diseases
41
exocrine glands
glands that secrete chemical substances into ducts leading either to other organs or out of the body
42
functional disorder
Produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified
43
genetic disorder
a pathological codition caused by an absent or defective gene
44
geriatrician
a physician who specializes in the care of older people
45
hemophilia
a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing
46
histology
the microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues
47
homeostasis
The processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment
48
hyperplasia
the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues.
49
hypertrophy
a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of the cells in the tissues.
50
hypograstric region
the region of the abdomen that is located below the stomach
51
hypoplasia
the incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells
52
iatrogenic illness
unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment
53
idiopathic disorder
an illness without known cause
54
infectious disease
illness caused by a living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses
55
inguinal
relating to the groin; refers to the entire lower portion of the abdomen including the groin
56
medial
the direction toward or nearer the midline
57
mesentery
the fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall
58
midsagittal plane
The vertical plane that divides the body, from top to bottom, into equal left and right halves.
59
nosocomial infection
a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting
60
Pandemic
a disease outbreak occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide
61
pelvic cavity
the space formed by the hip bones
that contains the organs of the
reproductive and excretory systems
62
peritoneum
the multilayered membrane
that protects and hold the organs in place
within the afbominal cavity
63
peritonitis
inflammation of the perioneum
64
phenylketonuria
a genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme
phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing
65
physiology
the study of the functions of the body structures
66
posterior
situated in back or on the back part of an ogan
67
Proximal
situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure
68
proximal
situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure
69
retroperitoneal
located behind the peritoneum
70
stem cells
unspecialized cells that renew themselves
for long periods of time through cell division
71
thoracic cavity
the cavity that surrounds and protects
the heart and the lungs,
also known as the chest cavity
72
transverse plane
the horizontal plane that divides the body
into upper and lower portions
73
umbilicus
the pit in the center of the abdominal wall
that marks where the umbilical cord was attached before birth
74
vector-borne transmission
the spread of a disease due to the bite of a
vector capable of transmitting that disease
75
ventral
refers to the front or belly side of the body or organ
76
sagittal plane
vertical plane that divides the body into unequal left and right portions
77
midsagittal plane
also known as the midline, is the sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves
78
frontal plane
vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions.
Also known as the coronal plane, it is located at right angles to the sagittal plane
79
vertical plane
an up-and-down plane that is at a right angle to the horizon
80
horzontal plane
is a flat, crosswise plane, such as the horizon
81
transverse plane
is a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions. A transverse plane can be at the waist or at any other level across the body
82
pandemic
a disease outbreak
