Ch 7. The Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
nas/o
A
Nose
exchanges air during inhaling and exhaling; warms, moisturizes and filters inhaled air
2
Q
sinus/o
A
sinuses
produce mucus for the nasal cavities, make bones of the skull lighter, aid in sound production
3
Q
pharyng/o
A
pharynx
transports air back and forth between the nose and the trachea
4
Q
laryng/o
A
larynx
makes speech possible
5
Q
epiglott/o
A
epiglottis
closes off the trachea during swallowing
6
Q
trache/o
A
trachea
transports air back and forth between the pharynx and the bronchi
7
Q
bronch/o
bronchi/o
A
bronchi
transports air from the trachea into the lungs
8
Q
alveol/o
A
alveoli
air sacs that exchange gases with the pulmonary capillary blood
9
Q
pneum/o
pneumon/o
pulmomn/o
A
lungs
bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide and some water waste from the body
10
Q
bronch/o
A
bronchial tube, bronchus
11
Q
laryng/o
A
larynx, throat
12
Q
nas/o
A
nose
13
Q
ox/i
ox/o
ox/y
A
oxygen
14
Q
pharyng/o
A
throat, pharynx
15
Q
phon/o
A
sound, voice
16
Q
pleur/o
A
pleura, side of the body
17
Q
-pnea
A
breathing
18
Q
pneum/o
pneumon/o
pneu-
A
lung, air
19
Q
pulm/o
pulmon/o
A
lung
20
Q
sinus/o
A
sinus
21
Q
somn/o
A
sleep
22
Q
spir/o
A
to breathe
23
Q
thorac/o
-thorax
A
chest, pleural cavity
24
Q
trache/o
trachea
A
windpipe, trachea
25
alveoli
very small grapelike clusters found at the end of each bronchiole
26
anoxia
the absence of oxygen from the body's tissues and organs even though there is an adequate flow of blood
27
antitussivea
medication administered to prevent or relieve coughing
28
aphonia
loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds
29
asbestosis
the form of pneumoconiosis caused by asbestos particles in the lungs
30
asphyxia
loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function
31
asthma
chronic, inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes, often triggered by an allergic reaction and characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing and wheezing
32
atelectasis
the incomplete expansion of part or all of a lung due to a blockage of the air passages or pneumothorax
33
bradypnea
abnormally slow rate of respiration, usually of less than 10 breaths per minute
34
bronchodilator
medication that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages into the lungs
35
bronchorrhea
excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi
36
bronchoscopy
visual examination of the bronchi through using a bronchoscope
37
bronchospasm
a contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze the airway shut
38
cheyne-stokes respiration
an irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration followed by slower respiration or apnea
39
croup
acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness and swelling around the vocal cords, resulting in a barking cough and stridor
40
cyanosis
bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood
41
cystic fibrosis
life-threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus
42
diptheria
acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract
43
dysphonia
difficulty in speaking which may include any impairment in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boy's voice during puberty
44
dyspnea
difficult or labored breathing; also known as shortness of breath
45
emphysema
the progressive, long-term loss of lung function, usually due to smoking
46
empyema
an accumulation of pus in a body cavity
47
endotracheal intubation
passage of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway
48
epistaxis
bleeding from the nose that may be caused by dry air, an injury, medication to prevent blood clotting, or high blood pressure; also known as a nosebleed
49
hemoptysis
the expectoration of blood or bloodstained sputum derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes as the result of pulmonary or bronchial hemorrhage
50
hemothorax
a collection of blood in the pleural cavity
51
hypercapnia
abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood
52
hyperpnea
increase in the depth and rate of the respiratory movements
53
hypopnea
shallow or slow respiration
54
hypoxemia
condition of having low oxygen levels in the blood
55
hypoxia
condition of having deficient oxygen levels in the body's tissues and organs; less severe than anoxia
56
laryngectomy
surgical removal of the larynx
57
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx; also commonly used to describe voice loss that is caused by this inflammation
58
laryngoscopy
the visual examination of the larynx using a laryngoscope
59
laryngospasm
sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx
60
mediastinum
middle section of the chest CAVITY between the lungs. Contains the heart and its veins and arteries, the esophagus, trachea, bronchi, the thymus gland and lymph nodes
61
nebulizer
electronic device that pumps air or oxygen trough a liquid medicine to turn it into a vapor, then inhaled by the patient via a face mask or mouthpiece
62
otolaryngologist
a physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the head and neck
63
pertussis
contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract, characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal cough, followed by breathlessness and a noisy inspiration
64
pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx
65
phlegm
thick mucus secreted by the tissues lining the respiratory passages
66
pleurisy
inflammation of the pleura, the membranes that cover the lungs and line the pleural cavity; causes pleurodynia
67
pleurodynia
sharp pain that occurs when the inflamed membranes rub against each other with each inhalation
68
pneumoconiosis
any fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs after prolonged environmental or occupational contact
69
pneumonectomy
the surgical removal of all or part of a lung
70
pneumonia
serious inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other liquid
71
pneumothorax
accumulation of air in the pleural space, causing a pressure imbalance that causes the lung to fully or partially collapse
72
polysomnography
diagnostic measurement of physiological activity during sleep; also known as a sleep study
73
pulmonologist
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the respiratory system
74
pulse oximeter
an external monitor placed on the patient's fingertip or earlobe to measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood
75
pyothorax
collection of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membrane
76
sinusitis
inflammation of the sinuses
77
sleep apnea
potentially serious disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep for long enough periods to cause a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels
78
spirometer
recording device that measures the amount of air inhaled or exhaled and the length of time required for each breath
79
tachypnea
abnormally rapid rate of respiration, usually more than 20 breaths per minute
80
thoracentesis
surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity
81
thoracotomy
a surgical incision into the chest walls to open the pleural cavity for biopsy or treatment
82
tracheostomy
surgical creation of a stoma into the trachea in order to insert a temporary or permanent tube to facilitate breathing
83
tracheotomy
an emergency procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage
84
tuberculosis
an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis that usually attack the lungs; also known as TB, it can also affect other parts of the body
